essay topics on current affairs in pakistan

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Essay on Current Affairs of Pakistan 2024

Pakistan is going through a lot these days. As every day brings something new for it, whether it is a political rift, drill against corruption, judicial activism, governance issues, economic condition or inflation. We start the Essay on Current Affairs of Pakistan 2024 from the current Political Scenarios . Since Imran Khan is out from the office of Prime Minister, there seems a political rift in the environment. Every coming day brings something new to the scene. Currently, it is the future of the PTI which other parties claimed to alter with the alliance of top opposition names.

Drill against Corruption: The interim government has always been determined on no compromise policy on corruption. In recent, FIA suggested filing a reference against many of big names.

Soon under FIA, several others were put on ECL that initiate a whole new debate on the next government but here comes the higher judiciary of Pakistan.

Judicial Activism: The Supreme Court of Pakistan shows its concern on many issues and asserts authority to protect legal values of country. Now, federal government is given a task to review such problems. That raises the questions on governance structure of this country.

Governance Issues: Good governance is the lifeline of any human society. No matter, who exceed the legal limitations but corrective measures need to be taken to avoid the shame in the future. Governance is also seemed to compromise in other fields of administration. Most noticeably, it was seen when the rupee to dollar ratio was changing abruptly and all the concern public office holders were on a different page.

Relation with Friend Countries:

Furthermore, now the economy of this country is mostly dependent on the finical support of friend countries. Especially, gulf countries play a major role in the economic stability of Pakistan. Meanwhile, the relationship with India is always important, but the Kashmir issue is also at the standby position.

Economic Condition:

Although, there is a lot of hustles when it comes to economic development still serious actions are missing. Instead of expanding the revenue and tax circle, the prime focus of the government is to put extra load on already burdened taxpayers. Moreover, there are no war efforts to tackle the menace of unemployment and underemployment which is a real way to nourish the national economy but the focus is still on maintaining cosmetic optics. By doing so, the government is paving the path for inflation.

Inflation has to be the main target of any people’s government, in order to accommodate the marginalized and avoid uncertainty in the economy but yet the task is largely unaddressed.

Currently, Pakistan is facing a lot of problems and the government in charge seems to shy away from real problems and concentrate on the game of optics. Hopefully, this is an appropriate essay on the current affairs of Pakistan 2024. Furthermore, in the next months, the new trends will also add to it.

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Pakistan: Five major issues to watch in 2023

Subscribe to the center for middle east policy newsletter, madiha afzal madiha afzal fellow - foreign policy , center for middle east policy , strobe talbott center for security, strategy, and technology , center for asia policy studies.

January 13, 2023

1. Political instability, polarization, and an election year

Politics will likely consume much of Pakistan’s time and attention in 2023, as it did in 2022. The country’s turn to political instability last spring did not end with a dramatic no-confidence vote in parliament last April that ousted then Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan from office. Instability and polarization have only heightened since then: Khan has led a popular opposition movement against the incumbent coalition government and the military, staging a series of large rallies across the country through the year.

The struggle for power in Pakistan continues into 2023. While the incumbent government has not ceded to Khan’s demand for early elections, country-wide elections are constitutionally mandated to be held by October this year. It benefits the government politically to hold them off as long as it possibly can as it tries to dig itself out of Pakistan’s urgent economic crisis and its lackluster domestic performance (its diplomatic foreign policy approach has fared better, but that may not matter for elections). The last year has cost it precious political capital, and Khan’s party did very well in a set of by-elections held in July and October. The state has tried to mire Khan and his party in legal cases, relying on a familiar playbook used against opposition politicians in Pakistan, albeit to limited effect, with the courts’ involvement.

Khan’s party still controls two of Pakistan’s four provinces, Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), and the incumbent federal government’s (extra-legal) efforts to try to wrest power from it in Punjab, the largest province, have been unsuccessful (thanks to the courts). The year is off to a dramatic start, with Khan’s party initiating the process to dissolve the Punjab and KP assemblies this month to pressure the federal government into early elections.

For politics-obsessed Pakistan, the biggest question remains who will win the next general election. Will former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif (brother of current Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif) return to Pakistan to run as the head of his party, the PML-N? Can Imran Khan win on the strength of his popular support, despite his confrontation with the military? Regardless of the outcome, we can say this much given the histories of the main contenders: The direction of the country is unlikely to change.

2. A precarious economic situation

Pakistan’s economy has been in crisis for months, predating the summer’s catastrophic floods. Inflation is backbreaking, the rupee’s value has fallen sharply, and its foreign reserves have now dropped to the precariously low level of $4.3 billion, enough to cover only one month’s worth of imports, raising the possibility of default.

An economic crisis comes around every few years in Pakistan, borne out of an economy that doesn’t produce enough and spends too much, and is thus reliant on external debt. Every successive crisis is worse as the debt bill gets larger and payments become due. This year, internal political instability and the flooding catastrophe have worsened it. There is a significant external element to the crisis as well, with rising global food and fuel prices in the wake of Russia’s war in Ukraine. The combination of all these factors has spelled perhaps the greatest economic challenge Pakistan has ever seen. Yet the government has been mired in politicking, and the release of a $1.1 billion loan tranche from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) remains stalled as Islamabad has pushed back on the IMF’s conditions. The government has now resorted to limiting imports and shutting down malls and wedding halls early, small measures that fail to adequately address the problem.

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Pakistan may end up avoiding default for the time being with IMF help and loans from friendly countries, especially Saudi Arabia and other Gulf nations. But those won’t address the clear underlying malaise of the economy – and the fact that something fundamentally will need to change, in terms of how much the economy produces versus how much it spends, to avoid default down the road. But none of Pakistan’s political parties seem to have the political will or ability to bring about such change.

Pakistan must reportedly pay back $73 billion by 2025; it won’t be able to do so without debt restructuring.

3. Flood recovery

A “ monsoon on steroids ” – directly linked to climate change – caused a summer of flooding in Pakistan so catastrophic that it has repeatedly been described as biblical. It left a third of the country under water – submerging entire villages – killed more than 1,700, destroyed homes, infrastructure, and vast cropland, and left millions displaced.

More than four months after the worst of the flooding, nearly 90,000 people are still displaced from their homes, and the floodwater is still standing in some areas. It would be enormously difficult for any country to recover from such a disaster and rebuild lost infrastructure, including roads and schools, let alone a government dealing with a cash crunch like Pakistan’s.

But the Pakistani government – in particular the foreign minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, who has visited the United States twice since the summer, and the minister for climate change, Sherry Rehman – has done an admirable job bringing awareness of the flooding catastrophe to the world stage. A donors’ conference Sharif co-hosted with the United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres in Geneva this month raised pledges for more than $9 billion for flood recovery over the next three years (the money is mostly in the form of project loans). Pakistan has also played an important role in discussions about the devastating effects of climate change on developing nations, spearheading the effort to place loss and damage on the agenda at COP27 for the first time, and pushing for COP delegates in Egypt to agree to a loss and damage fund.

With billions of dollars in help promised, the government has passed one hurdle. But the road for recovery ahead will be tough: Displaced people are still sleeping under open skies in Sindh province. Implementing a sustainable recovery will require enormous capacity, resources, and transparency in a country already mired in other troubles.

4. Mounting insecurity

The Pakistani Taliban (or TTP), the terrorist group responsible for killing tens of thousands of Pakistanis from 2007 to 2014, have been emboldened – predictably so – by a Taliban-ruled Afghanistan, and once again pose a threat to Pakistan, albeit in a geographically limited region (for now). The group engaged in at least 150 attacks in Pakistan last year, mostly in the northwest. Because the TTP have sanctuary in Afghanistan, the Pakistani state increasingly finds itself out of options when it comes to dealing effectively with the group. The state’s negotiations with the TTP have failed repeatedly, as they are bound to, because the group is fundamentally opposed to the notion of the Pakistani state and constitution as it exists today. The Afghan Taliban have, unsurprisingly, also not proved to be of help in dealing with the TTP – and Pakistan’s relations with the Afghan Taliban have deteriorated significantly at the same time over other issues, including the border dividing the two countries.

At this point, Pakistan’s first preference will be to strike kinetically at TTP targets within its borders, but that will be limited by TTP movement across the border into Afghanistan. That movement is what leaves Pakistan with the difficult-to-resolve TTP issue and complicates things beyond the military operation it launched against the group in 2014. Still, the Pakistani Taliban at this point is not the biggest threat Pakistan faces, given the country’s major political and economic challenges – but left unchecked, it could morph into a significant crisis.

5. Civil-military relations

Pakistan has a new chief of army staff as of November 29 last year. General Asim Munir replaced General Qamar Javed Bajwa, who had held the all-powerful post for six years (due to a three-year extension). The appointment of the army chief was a subject of considerable political contention last year; a major part of the reason Khan was ousted from power was his falling out with the military on questions over the appointments of top army officials.

All eyes are now on how civil-military relations shape up under Munir. Under Bajwa, the military solidified its control over all manner of policy behind the scenes. Bajwa presided over a close “same-page” relationship with Khan; when that frayed, the PML-N was eager to take Khan’s place as the military’s ally and head of the civilian government. Bajwa left office saying the army would no longer be involved in political matters; few in Pakistan believe him. With politics set to dominate the agenda this year and an election imminent, Munir has a chance to show the country whether he will follow in his predecessor’s footsteps, or chart a new course for civil-military relations in Pakistan. Pakistan’s history indicates the former.

Essay On Current Affairs Of Pakistan 2020 (200 & 500 Words)

Essay on current affairs of pakistan 2020 (200 words).

Pakistan faced challenges and witnessed events in 2020 that significantly impacted its political, social, and economic landscape. One of the most significant events was the outbreak of COVID-19, which affected the country in various ways.

The government took various steps to contain the spread of the virus, including imposing lockdowns and other measures to restrict people’s movement. The country also faced economic challenges due to the pandemic, with many businesses shutting down and the economy contracting.

Another significant event in 2020 was the ongoing conflict in Kashmir. The Indian government revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, which led to protests and unrest in the region. Pakistan strongly condemned the move and continued to advocate for the rights of the Kashmiri people.

The year also saw political turmoil in Pakistan, with the opposition parties staging protests and rallies against the government’s policies. The government faced criticism for handling the economy and its efforts to curb corruption.

Overall, 2020 was challenging for Pakistan, facing various economic, political, and social issues. However, the government’s efforts to tackle these challenges and its commitment to promoting peace and stability in the region give hope for a brighter future.

Essay On Current Affairs Of Pakistan 2020 (500 words)

Pakistan, a country located in South Asia, faced numerous challenges in 2020. Pakistan had a tumultuous year, from the COVID-19 pandemic to the economic crisis and political instability. In this essay, we will discuss the current affairs of Pakistan in 2020.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted Pakistan’s healthcare system, economy, and society. As of 2021, there have been over 900,000 confirmed cases and over 20,000 deaths in Pakistan due to COVID-19. The government implemented lockdowns and other measures to control the spread of the virus. However, these measures also adversely affected the economy and the poor population, who could not earn their livelihoods due to the lockdowns.

Pakistan’s economy has been struggling recently, and the COVID-19 pandemic has only worsened the situation. The country faced a current account deficit of $3 billion in the fiscal year 2019-20, and the GDP growth rate remained at -0.4%. The government took steps to address the economic crisis, such as seeking financial assistance from international organizations and implementing economic reforms. However, these measures have yet to yield significant results.

Pakistan also experienced political instability in 2020. The opposition parties formed a coalition called the Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM) to demand the resignation of Prime Minister Imran Khan. The PDM held rallies nationwide, and the government responded with arrests and crackdowns on opposition leaders. The situation escalated, with the opposition announcing a long march towards Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan, to pressure the government. However, the march was later postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Another significant event in Pakistan’s current affairs in 2020 was the Lahore High Court’s decision to overturn the death sentence of Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh, a British national convicted of the murder of American journalist Daniel Pearl in 2002. The international community, including the United States, criticized the decision and sparked outrage in Pakistan. The government has appealed the decision, and the case remains ongoing.

Pakistan also faced challenges in its relations with neighboring countries in 2020. The country had tense relations with India over the Kashmir dispute, with both sides engaging in ceasefire violations and cross-border firing. Pakistan also had strained relations with Afghanistan over allegations of Taliban support and cross-border terrorism.

In conclusion, Pakistan faced numerous challenges in 2020, including the COVID-19 pandemic, economic crisis, political instability, and strained relations with neighboring countries. The government took steps to address these issues, but their effectiveness remains to be seen. Pakistan must continue working towards a stable and prosperous future, both for its citizens and its relations with the international community.

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essay topics on current affairs in pakistan

Sana Mursleen is a student studying English Literature at Lahore Garrison University (LGU). With her love for writing and humor, she writes essays for Top Study World. Sana is an avid reader and has a passion for history, politics, and social issues.

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CSS 2023 Important Topics For Essay, Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs

CSS 2023 Important Topics For Essay, Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs

Here, you will have all the essential topics of English Essay, Current Affairs and Pakistan affairs for CSS and PMS Exams 2023. These are the CSS Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs, International relations and English Essay 2023 Guess Questions For the upcoming CE-2023 made by the qualified CSSMCQs team members while keeping in review all the major aspects of the Current scenarios. Insha’ALLAH, you will have 4-8 same nature questions in your real exam papers of PA, CA and IR and English Essay 2023. You can practice these questions right away, however, it will be updated with the lapse of time.

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1) Inflation:

Ukraine war and Inflation.
Climate change, factor of inflation.
Covid-19, and Supply chain disruption.
Inflation in Pakistan
Inflation, the way forward.

2) The Crisis Of Energy:

Ukraine war and Energy Crisis.
The issue of oil production.
The Crisis of Energy in Pakistan.
Energy Crisis, the way forward.

3) Islamophobia:

Hiduvata Vs Islamophobia.
Political gains and Islamophobia.
Islamophobia and OIC.
Potential Impacts of Islamophobia.
Academic approach, the way forward.
Tackling the issue of Islamophobia.

4) Climate Change:

Climate Justice.
Climate Change and The Economic Cost.
Climate Emergency and its consequences
Climate Crisis And Pakistan, 2022 Floods.
Climate struggle, Impact of international conflicts.
IPPC 6th Assessment Reports, Working Groups 1,2 &3.
COP 26 Successes
COP 27 and Way forward

5) Water Crisis.

Manifestation, and Reports.
Climate and Water Crisis.
Dames, the Way Forward.
Water Policies.
Management of Water Resources.
Potential Impacts and Recommendation.

6) Foreign Policy

Geo-Political Dynamics, opportunity and challenges of Pakistan foreign policy.
The Concept of independent foreign policy.
Climate and Pakistan’s Foreign policy.
The challenge of Balancing ties between major powers.
Energy crisis and Pakistan’s Foreign policy.
National security policy 2022-26, and foreign policy.
International conflicts, and Pakistan foreign Policy.
The challenges, IMF and FATF.

7) Afghanistan Issue:

Taliban Govt., and Pakistan Concerns
The role of OIC in Taliban recognition.
Afghanistan, the issue of Human rights.
Afghanistan Economic Collapse .
Humanitarian Crisis.
Tehreek e Taliban ( TTP)

8) Financial Action Task Force.

What Pakistan lost due to its position on Gray list.
Politicization of FATF.
Role of Diplomacy in FATF.

9) Food Insecurity.

World Population Reaches 8 Billion, U.N. Says. The rapid population growth has been driven by the world’s poorest countries and they are confronting food insecurity, how to mitigate these crises?
International conflicts, and food insecurity.
Climate change and food insecurity.
Covid-19, and Food insecurity.
Food insecurity, and Pakistan.
Food insecurity the way forward.

10) Russian_Ukraine Crisis.

Potential impacts on Pakistan.
Energy Aspect of Russian_Ukraine Crisis
Food security and Russian_Ukraine Crisis.
Russian_Ukraine Crisis and Nuclear option.
Russian_Ukraine Crisis and new new blocs.
Russian_Ukraine Crisis, the information warfare

11) Indo-Pacific:

IPEF, pivot to Asia 2.0 and CPTPP AND RECEP.
The crisis in Taiwan, New developments.
USA, the strengthening of Indian Defense.
Developments in South China Sea.
$600, Partnership for global infrastructure.

12) The Emerging New World Order.

The war in Ukraine and new world order.
Sino-Russian, unlimited friendship.
Strengthening of BRICS.
Competition in Indo-Pacific.
US Sanctions and New Payment Systems.
Energy , factor in new world order.

13) The Decline of USD.

Tough US sanctions, finding alternative payments.
New payment systems, CIPS, SPFS, UPI.
Yuan-Ruble trade.
Indian rupee-rubble
BRICS Business Forum, Putin proposal of New Trading Currency,
Condition of Rubble Payment for Russian Gas.

14) Political Instability:

Leading causes.
Potential Impacts.

15) Constitutional Crisis:

Developments and Judiciary Role.
Constitutional Crisis and Development

16) Economic Crisis of Pakistan

Political instability.
Climate impacts on the Economy.
Role of FATF Gray list.
Structural issue.
Issues of Industrial and Agricultural sectors,

17) Electoral Reforms.

Facts and Observation.
Obstacles in making reforms.
EVMs and Its issues.
i-voting, Criticism.

18) National Security Policy 2022-26.

Description of NSP.
Importance of NSP.
Criticism of NSP.

19) The Crisis of Overpopulation.

Manifestation, UN world population prospects 2022.
A crisis of negligence.
Responsible factors.
Making population productive, investments in Hum. Resources.
Urbanization and potential Impacts of overpopulation.

20) International Monitoring Fund, IMF.

The eternal issue of BoP.
IMF, the Lifeline.
Drawbacks of IMF Funding.
Way forward

21) Single National Curriculum (SNC) and Pakistan

Is SNC implemented in Pakistan?
What are the benefits of single national curriculum in Pakistan?
Which curriculum is followed in Pakistan?
What are the disadvantages of SNC?
Analyzing the Pros and Cons of Single National Curriculum
Single National Curriculum & Educational Disparities in Pakistan

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CSS Current Affairs Syllabus and Recommended Resources

Here is a comprehensive syllabus and recommended books for the CSS Current Affairs paper:

1. Pakistan Affairs

Recent political and constitutional developments
Economic issues and challenges
Social issues and problems
Education and health sectors
Provincial autonomy and local government
Civil-military relations
Foreign policy of Pakistan
Additional Focus: Historical perspectives on Pakistan’s evolution, including post-independence challenges and milestones.

2. International Affairs

Major powers and their foreign policies
International organizations (UN, IMF, World Bank, WTO, etc.)
Global economic issues and trends
Regional organizations (SAARC, ASEAN, EU, OIC, etc.)
Contemporary issues in international relations (conflicts, negotiations, treaties)
Climate change and environmental issues
Additional Focus: Geopolitical shifts and their implications, emerging global security challenges.

3. Economics and Finance

Global economic trends and issues
International trade and finance
Globalization and its impact
Major economic theories and policies
Sustainable development and economic growth
Additional Focus: Economic reforms in Pakistan, comparative economic strategies of developed vs. developing countries.

4. Science and Technology

Recent advancements in science and technology
Information technology and telecommunications
Biotechnology and genetic engineering
Space exploration
Energy crisis and solutions
Environmental issues and policies
Additional Focus: Pakistan’s role in global scientific collaborations, and technological innovations in the region.

5. Social Issues

Human rights and gender issues
Population growth and demographics
Poverty and social justice
Education and literacy
Health and sanitation
Culture and media
Additional Focus: Socio-cultural dynamics in Pakistan, media freedom and its challenges, sustainable social development.

Recommended Books

Pakistan Affairs
“Pakistan: A New History” by Ian Talbot
“Pakistan: Beyond the ‘Crisis State'” edited by Maleeha Lodhi
“The Struggle for Pakistan” by Ayesha Jalal
Additional Recommendation: “Pakistan: In the Shadow of Jihad and Afghanistan” by Mary Anne Weaver.
International Affairs
“Global Politics” by Andrew Heywood
“International Relations” by Joshua S. Goldstein and Jon C. Pevehouse
“World Politics: Trend and Transformation” by Charles W. Kegley and Shannon L. Blanton
Additional Recommendation: “The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order” by Samuel P. Huntington.
Economics and Finance
“Economics” by Paul Samuelson and William Nordhaus
“International Economics” by Paul Krugman and Maurice Obstfeld
“Globalization and Its Discontents” by Joseph E. Stiglitz
Additional Recommendation: “The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About It” by Paul Collier.
Science and Technology
“Science and Technology in World History” by James E. McClellan III and Harold Dorn
“The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution” by Walter Isaacson
“Energy: A Beginner’s Guide” by Vaclav Smil
Additional Recommendation: “The Gene: An Intimate History” by Siddhartha Mukherjee.
Social Issues
“Development as Freedom” by Amartya Sen
“The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century” by Thomas L. Friedman
“The Age of Sustainable Development” by Jeffrey D. Sachs
Additional Recommendation: “Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide” by Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn.

Preparation Tips

Stay Updated: Regularly read newspapers such as Dawn, The News International, and international sources like The New York Times and The Guardian.
Magazines and Journals: Periodicals like The Economist, Foreign Affairs, and local publications like the Herald.
Government Publications: Reports and white papers from Pakistani government institutions and international organizations.
Online Resources: Websites like BBC News, Al Jazeera, and various think tanks like the Brookings Institution and the Council on Foreign Relations.

A holistic preparation strategy integrating thorough reading of recommended books, staying informed on current affairs, and understanding fundamental concepts across global and national issues is indispensable for excelling in the CSS Current Affairs examination.

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The Current Situation in Pakistan

A USIP Fact Sheet

Monday, January 23, 2023

Publication Type: Fact Sheet

Pakistan continues to face multiple sources of internal and external conflict. Extremism and intolerance of diversity and dissent have grown, fuelled by a narrow vision of Pakistan’s national identity, and are threatening the country’s prospects for social cohesion and stability.

The inability of state institutions to reliably provide peaceful ways to resolve grievances has encouraged groups to seek violence as an alternative. The country saw peaceful political transitions after the 2013 and 2018 elections. However, as the country prepares for anticipated elections in 2023, it continues to face a fragile economy along with deepening domestic polarization. Meanwhile, devastating flooding across Pakistan in 2022 has caused billions in damage, strained the country’s agriculture and health sectors, and also laid bare Pakistan’s vulnerability to climate disasters and troubling weaknesses in governance and economic stability.

Regionally, Pakistan faces a resurgence of extremist groups along its border with Afghanistan, which has raised tensions with Taliban-led Afghanistan. Despite a declared ceasefire on the Line of Control in Kashmir in 2021, relations with India remain stagnant and vulnerable to crises that pose a threat to regional and international security. The presence and influence of China, as a great power and close ally of Pakistan, has both the potential to ameliorate and exacerbate various internal and external conflicts in the region.

USIP’S Work

The U.S. Institute of Peace has conducted research and analysis and promoted dialogue in Pakistan since the 1990s, with a presence in the country since 2013. The Institute works to help reverse Pakistan’s growing intolerance of diversity and to increase social cohesion. USIP supports local organizations that develop innovative ways to build peace and promote narratives of inclusion using media, arts, technology, dialogues and education.

USIP works with state institutions in their efforts to be more responsive to citizens’ needs, which can reduce the use of violence to resolve grievances. The Institute supports work to improve police-community relations, promote greater access to justice and strengthen inclusive democratic institutions and governance. USIP also conducts and supports research in Pakistan to better understand drivers of peace and conflict and informs international policies and programs that promote peace and tolerance within Pakistan, between Pakistan and its neighbors, and between Pakistan and the United States.

USIP’s Work in Pakistan Includes:

Improving police-community relations for effective law enforcement

The Pakistani police have struggled with a poor relationship with the public, characterized by mistrust and mistreatment, which has hindered effective policing. USIP has partnered with national and provincial police departments to aid in building police-community relationships and strengthening policing in Pakistan through training, capacity building and social media engagement.

Building sustainable mechanisms for dialogue, critical thinking and peace education.

Nearly two-thirds of Pakistan’s population is under the age of 30. Youth with access to higher education carry disproportionate influence in society. However, Pakistan’s siloed education system does not allow interactions across diverse groups or campuses, leading to intolerance, and in some cases, radicalization. To tackle growing intolerance of diversity on university campuses, USIP has partnered with civil society and state institutions to support programs that establish sustainable mechanisms for dialogue, critical thinking and peace education.

Helping Pakistanis rebuild traditions of tolerance to counter extremists’ demands for violence

USIP supports local cultural leaders, civil society organizations, artists and others in reviving local traditions and discourses that encourage acceptance of diversity, promote dialogue and address social change. USIP also supports media production — including theater, documentaries and collections of short stories — which offer counter narratives to extremism and religious fundamentalism.

Support for acceptance and inclusion of religious minorities

Relations between religious communities in Pakistan have deteriorated, with some instances of intercommunal violence or other forms of exclusion. USIP supports the efforts of local peacebuilders, including religious scholars and leaders, to promote interfaith harmony, peaceful coexistence and equitable inclusion of minorities (gender, ethnic and religious) in all spheres of public life.

Supporting inclusive and democratic institutions

To help democratic institutions be more responsive to citizens, USIP supports technical assistance to state institutions and efforts to empower local governments, along with helping relevant civil society actors advocate for greater inclusion of marginalized groups. Gender has been a major theme of this effort and across USIP’s programming in Pakistan. These programs empower women in peacebuilding and democratic processes through research, advocacy and capacity building.

In a September 2022 visit to Washington DC, Pakistan’s Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari speaks to an audience of U.S. officials and policy experts. In his speech, Bhutto Zardari discussed the 2022 flooding that displaced 33 million in Pakistan and resulted in one-third of the country being underwater. The foreign minister called for a global response to the flooding that could build a system that would support the developing countries most vulnerable to climate disasters.

Related Publications

Toward a Durable India-Pakistan Peace: A Roadmap through Trade

Thursday, June 27, 2024

By: Sanjay Kathuria

Despite a three-year long cease-fire along their contested border, trade and civil society engagement between India and Pakistan has dwindled, exacerbating the fragility of their relationship. With recently re-elected governments now in place in both countries, there is a window of opportunity to rekindle trade to bolster their fragile peace, support economic stability in Pakistan, create large markets and high-quality jobs on both sides, and open doors for diplomatic engagement that could eventually lead to progress on more contentious issues.

Type: Analysis

How Have India’s Neighbors Reacted to Its Election?

Tuesday, June 25, 2024

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What Does Further Expansion Mean for the Shanghai Cooperation Organization?

Thursday, May 30, 2024

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Asfandyar Mir on Balancing Counterterrorism and Strategic Competition

Tuesday, May 21, 2024

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As terror threats emanating from Afghanistan and Pakistan rise, many may see counterterrorism as a distraction from other U.S. priorities, such as competition with China and Russia. But investment in counterterrorism can work “preventively, to shield the strategic competition agenda,” says USIP’s Asfandyar Mir.

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Home → Articles → Current Affairs

Current Affairs

Find current affairs articles following world politics and Pakistan in this section!

The Economy of Israel – A Shrinking GDP in a Warring State

Written by Maha Mubasher • September 19, 2024 • 6:25 pm •

Why is the Internet Down in Pakistan? Outages Reported Across Pakistan

Written by Ahwar Azhar • September 17, 2024 • 6:31 pm •

Ukraine’s Kursk Incursion – A Stroke of Genius or a Dangerous Mistake?

Written by Ruqayya Yar Muhammad • September 15, 2024 • 6:20 pm •

The Military-Civil Fusion Strategy of the Chinese Communist Party & the Concerned America

Written by Kanza Sohail • September 14, 2024 • 4:30 pm •

Words of War: The Propaganda Around the Term “Ethnic Cleansing”

Written by Minahil Khalid • September 11, 2024 • 6:34 pm •

Will Trump Bring About a Second Civil War in America?

Written by Sarmad Ishfaq • September 10, 2024 • 6:34 pm •

The Spread of Mpox – A New Concern For the World

Written by Eman Fatima • September 6, 2024 • 6:33 pm •

The Taliban’s Impact on Afghanistan

Written by Amina Iqbal • September 5, 2024 • 6:40 pm •

A Comparative Analysis of the Electricity Prices in Pakistan, India & Bangladesh

Written by Hareem Amna • September 3, 2024 • 7:00 pm •

Agreement on the Loss and Damage Fund – A Compromise by Developing States?

Written by Kanza Sohail • August 23, 2024 • 8:08 pm •

Far-Right UK Riots and Anti-Immigrant Protests

Written by Tayyaba Rehan and Zara Zahid • August 20, 2024 • 6:27 pm •

Revolution from the Classroom – The Resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina

Written by Shaff Bin Zafar • August 18, 2024 • 6:38 pm •

The Controversy Around the National Cyber Crime Investigation Agency (NCCIA)

Written by Minahil Khalid • August 17, 2024 • 6:41 pm •

Muhammad Yunus – Leading the Interim Government of Bangladesh

Written by Tayyaba Rehan • August 13, 2024 • 6:36 pm •

The Rise of JVP in Sri Lanka & the India Factor

Written by Dr. Punsara Amarasinghe • August 10, 2024 • 6:31 pm •

Quota Protests End Sheikh Hasina’s Rule

Written by Sayba Sagheer and Muhammad Mudassir • August 8, 2024 • 9:57 pm •

Pakistan Joins the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) – Prospects & Implications

Written by Tahniyat Mobeen • August 7, 2024 • 6:37 pm •

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Current Affairs of Pakistan 2023 (Pdf Download)

This Blog Post is about current affairs and political issues in Pakistan. It includes topics such as politics, law, education, healthcare, science and technology, culture, and sports that will help you to prepare for your PPSC, FPSC, NTS, or any competitive exam.

It can be tough to stay informed with everything going on in Pakistan, but it’s important to at least have a general understanding of what’s happening because these current affairs will help you in the preparation for any competitive exam.

Here are some of the biggest current affairs headlines of Pakistan that have been taken from the past months of 2022. These current affairs are also available in pdf.

Current Affairs of Pakistan in PDF 2023

26 december current affairs.

The Gulf Cup 2023 will be held in Basra, Iraq
Culf cup is a football competition
International human Rights day celebrated on 10 December

2022 Current Affairs of Pakistan

In which naval exercise, Pakistan, Israel, and Saudi Arabia have participated recently? International |Maritime Exercise] (IMX) 2022 (also known as |Cutlass|
“Cutlass Express” is an 18-day biennial naval training event led by US Naval Forces. Total number of militaries participating in Cutlass Express 2022 was: |60| (including Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Comoros, Djibouti, Somalia and Yemen)
Current Saudi Army chief is Lieutenant General: |Fahd Bin Abdullah] Mohammed Al-Mutair (he’s on 3-day visit to India
Which Australian all-rounder has left PSL-7? James |Faulkner] (and accused PCB of not paying contractual fee); he was playing for Quetta Gladiators
Recently, pak govt, has annunced to provide million scholarships to bright studentsl? 2.6 mn| (of 28 billion ruppes)
Which country’s PM recently said that “almost half on Indian parliamentarians have criminal charges? |Singapore| (PM Lee Hsien Loong)
The current Chairperson of PSX (Pakistan Stock Exchange) is: Dr. |Shamshad| Akhtar New Test captain of India’s cricket team is: Rohit Sharma On 20 Feb 2022, which joint military exercise was started by Thailand & US? |”Cobra Gold”]
On 19 Feb 2022, CM Punjab left for 3-day visit to: |Dubai|
General Qamar Javed Bajwa is currently on an official visit to: |Belgium|
Which TV journalist shot dead recently (on 18 Feb)? |Athar| Mateen
TASS news agency belongs to: |Russia|
France withdrew its troops from Mali recently. French troops have been fighting against Islamist militants in the country since: |2013|
Current German Foreign Minister is: Annalena [Baerbock]
2024 Summer Olympics will be hosted by: |France |(in Paris
Paris Olympics (2024 Summer Olympics) are scheduled to take place from: [26] |July to 11 August] 2024
On 19 Feb |1473, Nicolaus Copernicusl (1473-1543) was born in Poland. He gave Heliocentric theory (sun is centre, not earth)
On 19 Feb |2008, Fidel Castrol (1926-2016) resigned as President of Cuba
On 19 Feb |1 997, Deng Xiaopingl (or Xixian) died at age of 92. He’s famous for his economic reforms in 1978 On 19 Feb |1978, “The Feminine Mystique”! by Betty Friedan was published. It was a catalyst for 2nd wave of Feminism
The US added which Chinese e-commerce to “notorious markets for counterfeiting and piracy” list? [AliExpress] (by Alibaba) & |WeChat| (by Tencent Holdings) p The 58 th Munich Security Conference was started today on 18 Feb 2022. Its central debate was about: jukraine lerisis, |Food crisis] in Sahel (African countries between Sahara to Sudanian Svanna, Iran’s |2015 nuclear deal] ,
First G-20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governor Meeting 2022 started on 17 Feb & end on: |18 Feb| 2022 ’
The current Chairman of G-20 is: |joko Widodo| (President of Indonesia) p The G20 (or G-20 or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies. When was it founded? 26 September, |1999|
Headquarters of G-20 is in: |Cancun| , Mexico
WHO will enable which 6 African countries first to produce their own mRNA vaccine Covid-19? [Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa and Tunisia| p Current DG of WHO (World Health Organization) is? [Tedros| (Ethiopia) p WHO was formed in: |7 April 1948| (Total members are 194)
Which life-threatening storm hit UK (esp. London) on18 Feb 2022? Storm [”Eunice’j (it is country’s worst storm in last 3 decades)
Oscars 2022 (94th Academy Awards) will be held on: |27 March] at Dolby Theatre ( |”The Power of the Dog”| film has got most Oscar nominations) p India-UAE summit (virtual) was held on: |1 8 Feb[ 2022
Due to global warming, how many marine species are in danger? |45,000| species (A research by University of Queensland) p In 2008 Ahmedabad serial blasts case, how many people have been death sentenced recently? [38] (out of 49)
On 18 Feb 2022, SBP (State Bank of Pakista) issued Rs70 Commemorative coin to mark 70th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations b/w: [Germany and Pakistani p
On 18 Feb |193O, Pluto was discovered! by Clyde Tombaugh (24-year old American with no formal training in Astronomy)
6 th EU-AU (European Union-African Union) Summit held in: [Brussels] (17 18 Feb)
“Ehsaas Rashan Riayat” will be inaugurated on: |1 9 Feb| 2022
On 18 Feb |1931, Toni Morrison| (1931-2019) was born in Ohio. She was first American-African to win Nobel Prize in Literature (1993). Her famous writings are: The Bluest Eye (1970), Beloved (1987), Song of Solomon (1977), Jazz (1992) p On 18 Feb |l 546, Martin Luther] (1483-1546), leader of Protestant Reformation, died
On 18 Feb |2007, Samjhauda Express bombings] occurred in Panipat, Haryana
On 18 Feb 2022, India will sign a trade & investment deal with: |UAE|
PUAE (United Arab Emirates) is a federation of: |7 Emirates|(Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Fujairah and Ras Al-Khaima)
Bill Gates was awarded Hilal-e-Pakistan by President Alvi on: |17 Februaryl 2022
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was formed in: |2000| Microsoft Corporation by Bill Gates & his childhood friend Paul Allen on: |4 April) 1975
Current PM of Italy is: |Mario Draghi)
The 58 th Munich Security Conference will be held from: |18 -20 Februaryl 2022 P Builders have found 2,000-year-old Roman cemetery (20 decorated graves) in: |Gaza| P The G20 (or G-20 or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies. When was it founded? § |September|, 1999 . Rupiah is the currency of: |lndonesia|
Gail Halvorsen (US ‘candy bomber’ pilot) died on: |17 Feb| 2022 (at age of 101); he as a pilot introduced the idea to drop candies & toys for children
Current U.S. Treasury Secretary (Finance Minister) is: |Janet Yellen]
On 17 Feb |1979, China invaded Vietnaml P ‘On 17 Feb |2008 Kosovo) (capital: Pristina) got independence; (Independence Day) P Libyan |Revolution| Day in Libya is: |17 February] (in 2011 revolt against Gaddafi) bn 17 Feb |1843, The British occupied Sindh| province after victory in Battle of Miani On 17 Feb 1|8O1, Thomas Jefferson was elected] as US President
Ukraine marked “Day of Unity” on: |16 February) 2022 (on pull out of Russian troops) -Join OUrpaid whatsapp group: 03014361716
Current head of US Pacific Air Forces is: Kenneth |Wilsbach|
41 st edition of Asian Champions League (football competition) will be played from 1 March 2022 to|: 29 November) 2022
AFC (Asian Football Confederation) Champions League was formed in: |1967| p Total teams in Champions League are: |40] (Most successful team is: Al-Hilal) p Minsk is the capital of which European Country? |Belarus|
Current President of European Council Charles |Michel|
Which country’s President will visit Pakistan on 3 March 2022? |Uzbek| President Shavkat Mirziyoyev
European Space Summit 2022 was held on: |16 February! p Global Disability Summit was held on: |16—17 February! 2022
According to the World Justice Project, Pakistan’s ranking is: |13O| (out of 139 countries)
According to ECP, Local Govt. Elections in Punjab will be held on: |29 May) 2022 p On 16 February |1941, Kim Jong-il| (North Korea leader—father of current President Kim Jong-un) was born
On 16 Feb |2005 Kyoto Protocoll (signed in 11 Dec 1997) was implemented to reduce global warming & greenhouse gases; it was expired in Dec 2012
On 16 Feb |1959 Fidel Castro became PM| of Cuba & later President in 1976-2008
On 16 Feb |1971 Karakoram Highwayl (China-Pak) was opened p On 16 Feb |2016, Boutros Boutros-Ghali died). He was only Muslim UN Secretary General (1992-1996) from Egypt
On 16 Feb |1949, Israel’s 1 st unicameral parliament “Knesset”~|started in Jerusalem
on 16 Feb |1918 Lithuania’s Act of Independence! was signed; Independence Day
Which country’s President will have a rare visit to Turkey in this week? |lsraeli| President Isaac Herzog (first Presidential visit since 2010)
“Raast” person-to-person (P2P) instant digital payment system was launched on: ,15 February 2022| (first phase of Raast, Bulk Payments was started in Jan 2021)
Ukraine President Zelenskyy declared “the Day of Unity”? |16 Feb| 2022 p A rocket, 2014-065B, which will hit & crash into the Moon on 4 March 2022, was sent by: |China|
Olaf Scholz (German Chancellor) met Putin (Russian President) in Mascow on: |l| 02022 .
Ukraine has relocated its embassy (capital) from Kyiv: to 0|
World Sustainable Development Summit will be held 16-18 Feb 2022 in: |lndia| P Theme 2022 of World Sustainable and Equitable Future is: [“Towards a Resilient, |Planet: Ensuring a Sustainable and Equitable Future”,
On 15 February ,1564, Galileo, (Italian philosopher, astronomer and mathematician) was born.
On 15 Feb ,1989, Soviet Union| , under Mikhail Gorbachev, withdrew its last troops from Afghanistan (after Soviet invasion in 1979)
On 15 Feb ,1978, Leon Spinks, defeated Muhammad Ali to become the heavyweight boxing champion of the world p On 15 Feb ,1965, Canada adopted Mapie, Leaf Fl ag
Currently, largest producers of palm oil are: |lndonesia| (1 st ) & Malaysia (2 nd ); Both produce 84% of world palm oil
Rouble is the currency of: |Russia| (while Rand is the currency of South Africa) p Who is No. 1 tennis player? |Novak Djokovic! (Serbia) while 2nd is: Daniil Medvedev (Russian) According to ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals) rankings 2022 ‘
Which country’s President visited UAE for the first time in a decade? Turkey
Israeli PM Minister Naftali Bennett became the first ever Israeli leader to visit: |Bahrain| (on 14 Feb 2022)
Iran’s Interior Minister Dr Ahmad Vahidi arrived in Pakistan on: |14 Feb| 2022 p Which football legend has been re-shifted to hospital for chemotherapy? |Pele| (Brazil) suffered from colon cancer; Pele is also considered the greatest footballer;
IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) started review water release from damaged nuclear plant of: |Fukushima Daiichi |Nuclear Power Plant, Japan (Fukushima nuclear disaster took place at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011 due to earthquake and tsunami)
World’s worst nuclear disaster both in terms of casualties and implications for the environment and global economy is: |Chernobyl disaster |(1986). 2nd worst is Fukushima disaster 2011
Asia’s biggest airshow will be held in: |Singapore| (from 15 to 18 Feb 2022)
Which French ice dancers have won Olympic gold? Gabriella |Papadakis| & Gillaume |Cizeron|
According to Australia, which animal has become ‘endangered’ species on earth? |Koalas| (due to the impact of bushfires, land-clearing, drought and disease.)
On 14 Feb 2022, Senate passed: [“Transplantat i on of Human Organs, Tissues! l(Amendment) Bill, 2021”] ‘ .
Current CEO of RUDA (Ravi Urban Development Authority) is: |lmran Amin|
Recently, which Pakistan navy ship visited Port Muscat, Oman? ASLAT
On 14 Feb |1989, against Salman Rushdie, Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini! issued a fatwa ordering Muslims to execute author Salman Rushdie who wrote book “The Satanic Verses
On 14 February |1779, Captain James Cook| (British explorer & navigator) was killed by inhabitants of Hawaii over theft of a cutter (by Hawaiians) at Kealakekua Bay; Cook was the first to make map of New Zealand & Great Barrier Reef of Australia ‘
On 14 February |2019, Pulwama attack! in Indian-occupied Kashmir (Jammu & Kashmir) took place.
Rouble is the currency of: |Russia| (while Rand is the currency of South Africa)
Who is No. 1 tennis player? |Novak Djokovic| (Serbia) while 2nd is: Daniil Medvedev (Russian) Accoraing to ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals) rankings 2022 •
Iran’s Interior Minister Dr Ahmad Vahidi arrived in Pakistan on: |14 Feb] 2022
Which football legend has been re-shifted to hospital for chemotherapy? |Pele| (Brazil) suffered from colon cancer; Pele is also considered the greatest footballer;
World’s worst nuclear disaster both in terms of casualties and implications for the environment and global economy is: |Chernobyl disaster |(1968), 2nd worst is Fukushima disaster 201
On 14 Feb 2022, Senate passed: [“Transplantation of Human Organs, Tissues| l(Amendment) Bill, 2021 ”|
On 14 Feb |l 989, against Salman Rushdie, Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini] issued a fatwa ordering Muslims to execute author Salman Rushdie who wrote book “The Satanic Verses”
On 14 February |1779, Captain James Cook] (British explorer & navigator) was killed by inhabitants of Hawaii over theft of a cutter (by Hawaiians) at Kealakekua Bay; Cook was the first to make map of New Zealand & Great Barrier Reef of Australia
On 14 February |2019, Pulwama attack| in Indian-occupied Kashmir (Jammu & Kashmir) took place.
Which cricketer has left PSL-7 due to chronic back pain? |Shahid Afridi]
Current President of Germany is: Frank-Walter |Steinmeier| (from Social Democrats party); he’s been re-elected on 13 Feb 2022
FIFA Club World Cup 2021 was played on 3-12 Feb 2022 in: [Uae]
How many teams participated in FIFA Club World Cup 2021? |7 teams| (Winner team is: Chelsea Football Club) ‘
Current Secretary General of OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) is: |Mathias Cormann| (Headquarters OECD 1961 is Paris)
Current President of Brazil is: |Jair Bolsonaro| (he’ll visit Russia on 15 Feb 2022)
Turkmenistan’s snap Presidential election will be on: |12 March| 2022 p Which mobile network company has launched “|Garaj|” cloud platform? |jazz|
Current Naval Chief is: Amjad Khan Niazi (he visited Tunisia recently)
KLM airline belongs to: Netherland
Current |lnterior Minister) of Iran is: Dr. [Ahmed Vahidi] (he’ll visit Pak on 14 Feb) p Current Minister for Religious Affairs and Interfaith Harmony is: Pir |Noorul Haq] |Qadri |(he has purposed recently to celebrate “International Hijab Day” on 8 March)
Current Federal Ombudsman of Pakistan is: |Ejaz Ahmad Qureshi|
On 13 Feb |1689, William (III) and Mary (II) became king| and queen of England, after Glorious Revolutionc
On 13 February |1997, France became nuclear power| by detonating its first atomic bomb in the Sahara desert ‘
On 13 Feb |1883, Richard Wagner |(German Composer) died in Venice,
World |Radio| Day is: |13 February] (its theme 2021 is: “Radio and Trust”)
US has announced to re-open embassy in: |Solomon Islands! (a country in Oceania)
Capital of Solomon Islands is: |Honiara| (its currency is Dollar)
China approved Pfizer COVID pill: |Paxlovid|
Headquarters of Both International Hockey Federation (IHF) + International Olympic Committee (IOC) are in: [Lausanne!, Switzerland (IOC was formed in 1894 by [Pierre de Coubertin, in Paris
Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Working Group II deals with: [impacts, Adaptationand Vulnerability!
Which film has received maximum nominations at the 94th Academy Awards? The | Power of the Dog,(94 Academy Awards 12 Nominations)
Which country organized One Ocean Summit from 9-11 Feb 2022? [France]
Which two journalists were detained by Aghan Taliban? |Andrew North| & Peter Jouvenal (they’re now released)
Nokia will launch first Smart City Pilot Project in Pakistan at: |Lahore| p On 12 Feb |1809, Abraham Lincoln was born, in Kentucky ‘Birth anniversary)
On 12 Feb |1818, Chile declared! independence from Spain
On 12 Feb ,1804, Immanuel Kant| (German Philosopher) died.

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Pakistan History and Current Affairs Essay

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Historical Overview

Most scholars believe that the story of Pakistan commenced in the period between 3000-1500 BC. It was the beginning of the Indus Civilization. People who settled in those places were known as the Harappans. The Indus Valley Civilization worshiped many gods, and one of them resembled the Hindu Shiva. The prosperity of Civilization began to decline with changes in weather patterns. Earthquakes destroyed the system of the river, and agriculture became impossible in such conditions.

The Aryans, aggressive, and strong fighters replaced previous settlers. The Aryans invaded Central Asia in approximately 1700 BC. The Aryans society established the beginning of the modern Hinduism. They had the social caste system, and the Vedas were Aryans collections of sacred hymns. The Aryans moved to the Ganges valley, and the vast territory remained unprotected from numerous invasions.

During 400-500 BC, the Persian Emperor, Darius I, invaded the territory of modern Pakistan and founded the province of the Achaemenian Empire. Sindh and Punjab became the flourishing and well-developed province in the Empire.

The rule of the Persian Empire ended when Alexander the Great invaded territories one hundred years later. After the invasion of Alexander the Great, the territories of modern Pakistan underwent drastic changes. They were under the control of various rulers. The promotion of Buddhism by Mauryan Emperor in 200 BC was distinguishing. Besides, Mauryans ruled all subcontinent, and it was a differentiated feature of the reign.

In 711 AD, the invasion by the Arab General, Mohammed bin Qasim, occurred in Sindh. It was signed as far as it brought the Islamic religion to the region. By that time, Muslims were already considered as the ruling class of the society, and their religion became widespread in the area. Nevertheless, Muslims became truly superior to people with the arrival of the dynasty of Mughal. The dynasty of Mughal also took control over the whole subcontinent. The rule of the dynasty was indubitable in the 16 th and 17 th centuries.

The rule of Mughals was successful due to the advanced administrating system and an efficient government. For instance, Akbar, one of the rulers, realized the necessity to build rapport with Hindus as far as their numerousness made it impossible to invade them. The end of the Mughal Empire was a logical consequence of its rapid spread and prosperity. The Mughal Empire became so large that it was almost impossible to govern with maximum efficiency.

The next significant stage of Pakistan’s history refers to the period of British colonialism. Initially, the British arrived at the subcontinent for profit. They collaborated with representatives of the Mughal dynasty. However, the profit from the subcontinent countries increased, and the British became more interested in local politics. Finally, at the beginning of the 19 th century, they began acting like imperialists, who aimed to seize new territories.

The British rule was established over India and Pakistan. It meant that both Hindus and Muslims had to live as one nation or population. It was unacceptable for both sides. In 1906, the Muslim League was formed to support the interests of the Muslim population. The division occurred in 1947 with the end of the rule of the British Empire. Since 1947, Pakistan started its way as an independent country.

In 1948, the first war with India commenced. It concerned the territory of Kashmir. In 1951, the era of military rule began in Pakistan. It lasted until the death of General Zia in 1988. Then comes the period of tense political relations accompanied by corruption and extremism. The conflict over Kashmir continued at the beginning of the 21st century. The following years were full of political changes and instability including testing of nuclear weapons and terrorist attacks.

Geography and Demography

Pakistan is located in Southern Asia. It borders the Arabian Sea, India, China, Afghanistan, and Iran. The climate is predominantly hot. In the northwest part of the country, it is temperate and arctic in the north. Pakistan has notable terrain features. Thus, there are mountain ranges in the northwest and north and a flat plain in the east. The Himalayas are located in the northern part of the country. There is the second largest world’s mountain in Pakistan — K2 or Mt. Godwin-Austin (8611 m).

The total area of Pakistan comprises 803 940 square kilometers. Indus River is the primary source of freshwater in the country. The country’s land is rich in natural gas resources. The geographical location of Pakistan is also the reason for devastating natural hazards such as earthquakes and floods.

The following demographic data of Pakistan were gathered in 2014. Thus, the population of the country comprises 196 million people. More than thirty-five percent of the residents are 24-54 years old. The population growth rate is 1.49%. The population of major cities is as follows: Islamabad (capital) — 919 thousand, Karachi — 13 million, Lahore — almost 8 million, 3 million people live in Faisalabad.

The dominant ethnic group of the population is Punjabi (nearly 45% of the population). There are other ethnic groups such as Pashtun, Sindhi, Saraiki, and Balochi. The official and dominant religion of the country is Muslim (96.4 %). Hinduism and Christianity are minor religions. Urdu is the official language. English is also official, and it is regarded as the lingua franca of governmental authorities and official representatives. There is also a variety of dialects in every region of Pakistan.

Political System

The official name of the country is the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan’s form of state is the federal parliamentary democracy. The Government represents the legislative branch of the state. The Government is made up of two houses: the Upper House (Senate) and the Lower House (the National Assembly).

The head of the Government is Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President of the state. Prime Minister is chosen from representatives of the National Assembly. The National Assembly includes three hundred and forty-two seats. Sixty seats are given to female representatives in the Government.

Ten seats are reserved for minorities who profess other religions. The rest of the seats are granted to selected candidates. The Upper House or the Senate includes one hundred seats. Eighty-eight seats belong to representatives from four Provinces. The other twelve seats are for representatives from the capital of the state and tribal people. Women may occupy approximately twenty percent of seats.

The President of Pakistan is the Head of the State. The Presidents represent the executive branch. Only Muslims may become the Head of the State. The electoral college has the right to elect the president. The current president of Pakistan is Mamnoon Hussain, who has been elected in 2013.

The President can be elected for two consecutive terms, each lasting five years. The Federal Cabinet or the Cabinet of Pakistan also presents the executive branch. The Prime Minister, being the head of the Government, is the primary adviser to the President. PM has a broad range of rights and responsibilities. The President has the right to dissolve the National Assembly and remove PM if necessary. The current PM is Nawaz Sharif.

Leadership approaches varied in the country due to the continued instability and conflicts. The first powerful leader of Pakistan was Ayub Khan. He became the president of the state in 1958 — the period of high instability that was caused by the assassination of the founding father of Pakistan — Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

Although many people criticized the military regime of Khan, others considered that it was the only way to bring the state into the condition of stability. Ayub Khan made several positive things that improved the life of people and the status of the country in general.

First, he made everything possible to stabilize political relations with both the United States of America and China. Second, Khan introduced new constitution to eliminate the instability and possess control over other political powers. Also, he diminished the role of clerics in the political decision-making processes. The last positive thing about Khan’s leadership concerned his paying attention to the economy and the development of infrastructure.

The second distinguished leader of Pakistan was Benazir Bhutto. She became the first female Prime Minister in the Islamic country in 1988. Bhutto fought against the military dictatorship and, finally, achieved her goal. The first democratic elections were conducted due to persistence. She was the founder of the People’s Party of Pakistan.

The PPP is still one of the major political forces in the government. Bhutto improved the system of education and changed the status and rights of women in the country. In 1996, she had to leave the country as far as the military-based government took control over the state. Eleven years later, Bhutto returned to participate in the general elections, but she was assassinated.

Asif Ali Zardari was the president of Pakistan in 2008-2013. His personality is extremely controversial. Zardari is known as a corrupt individual. At the same time, his reforms changed the state for the better. Thus, Zardari decentralized executive power. His civilian government existed all five years and did not end with dismissal or coup. Also, Zardari reestablished the freedom of the press.

Pakistan’s index of economic freedom is 55.6. The country is 121 st , among others, from this perspective. The index increases slowly annually. It exemplifies the fact that the country makes some positive changes. The general condition of the economy of Pakistan is regarded as not efficient according to the world’s average rates. GDP per capita was almost $900 in 2014. GDP per capita PPP was $4600. GDP annual growth rate comprised 4.14.

The level of unemployment is more than 5%. Despite this fact, a substantial part of the population lives in poverty. The most common way of survival is agriculture. Starting a business can become rather a challenge for residents of the states. It usually takes three weeks to conduct all necessary procedures.

However, the execution of license may last for more than two hundred days. The financial system of the country is largely controlled by the government. It impedes the successful development of the economy and well-being of the population.

Economic Structure and Resources

Agriculture is the central sector of Pakistan’s economy. The country belongs to the biggest suppliers of agricultural products, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. This sector contributes more than twenty percent of the total GDP.

Also, it is the primary job market for almost half of the population. Livestock is another significant constituent of the economy. It comprises more than ten percent of GDP. The fishery is the third substantial component that provides more than four hundred thousand people with job opportunities. The industrial sector of Pakistan forms almost twenty-five percent of GDP.

The natural resources of Pakistan are also significant for its economic structure. The land is a vital natural resource. It is used for agriculture. It is estimated that the gas reserves of the country will remain for the following twenty years. Besides, some reserves have not been utilized at all. Not long ago, low-quality coal beds have been found in Pakistan too. There are approximately one hundred seventy billion tons of coal reserves that should last for the following two hundred years if the consumption remains the same.

Current issues

Although Pakistan gained its independence more than sixty years ago, it did not achieve a significant level of development and progress. Nowadays, the country survives mostly on contributions from the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and other countries. The largest part of the population lives in rural areas without any basic facilities for a comfortable and healthy life. Nowadays, the country faces a variety of problems that hinder its development and prosperity of residents.

Poverty is one of the most significant issues in Pakistan. The government of Pakistan conducted research aimed at the evaluation of the well-being of the population. According to results, the level of poverty increased by 30-40% over the past decade. Almost half of the population lives below the poverty line. It means that these people do not have access to proper education or medicine. They have nothing to eat or wear. This problem leads to other subsequent concerns.

When people need to think of the satisfaction of their basic survival needs, they neglect other aspects of civilized life. This situation results in the increasing illiteracy rate. Fifty percent of the Pakistan population is illiterate. It is necessary to mention that “literacy” means the ability to read and write. These skills are not enough for efficient development in the modern world. Thus, Pakistani people know almost nothing about modern technologies.

Terrorism is also a significant concern in Pakistan. It should be noted that Pakistan is reputed for terrorism. A majority of countries consider Pakistan as a source of terror. Acts of terror are often conducted in Pakistan too. After the events of 9/11, Pakistan began to fight with jihadi groups.

Besides, the US military forces Pakistan pursued members of Al-Qaeda in Pakistan. Terrorism is a grave threat to the development of Pakistan. The world cannot accept the country with high level of terrorism as equal. Besides, terrorist attacks damage the economy drastically.

Health issues are becoming more and more urgent for the population of Pakistan. People live in poverty, and it affects their condition of health. The country faces the problem of increasing rates of diabetes, obesity, and heart diseases. According to the World Health Organization, there are outnumbered cases of such illnesses as malaria, diarrhea, pneumonia, diseases of the skin. They are caused by the poor quality of food and living conditions. The situation aggravates as far as people do not have money to pay for appropriate treatment.

Corruption is another problem in Pakistan. Efficient governance is impossible when corruption becomes an integral part of activities at all levels of society. In 2013, Transparency International conducted a survey of levels of corruption throughout the world.

Pakistan was 127 th of 177 countries. Corruption is still the major problem of the country. Most deals are executed with the help of bribery. This way of decision-making process hinders the overall progress of the country and makes it impossible for the country to achieve prosperity.

The energy crisis is another worrying issue in Pakistan. The country experiences a lack of electricity. The available supply level cannot meet the pressing demand. Besides, the country has severe gas shortages. The country imports gas from Qatar. It is a long-lasting process that is extremely expensive. It is necessary to note that the government of Pakistan does not utilize the available coal reserves.

Malik writes that Pakistan has the second-largest reserves of coal and the USA — largest reserves in the world. The United States of America uses coal as the source of energy through it pollutes the environment. In Pakistan, there are no such issues, but authorities fail to use available coal and prefer buying gas from Qatar.

Strengths and Weaknesses

Pakistan’s primary strength relates to its location and size. Thus, its location is advantageous in Asia. Besides, a large size of the country provides possibilities for the development of the domestic market. Pakistan also benefits from foreign aid. It receives donations from IMF, World Bank, and the USA. It means that it has the potential for the development of international relations.

Weaknesses outnumber the strong sides of Pakistan. First, almost all workers are unskilled. People do not have the necessary knowledge to become a modernized society and enter the IT infrastructure. Most residents work in the agricultural sector. The second problem is the cause of the first one. Pakistan lacks an efficient system of education. Also, the English language is not taught at all. Pakistan is an Islamic state. It is necessary to shift priorities and emphasize the significance of education. Numerous coups have also undermined the development of the country.

Foreign and Domestic Policy

Many elements of the domestic policy have been already discussed in previous parts of the paper. They refer mostly to the economic development of the state. The domestic policy of Pakistan is not efficient. Pakistan’s government does not modify the economy. The agricultural sector is not enough for the development of the country on the global level. Pakistan’s domestic policy impedes development and globalization.

The foreign policy of Pakistan had undergone several changes over sixty years of independence. Pakistan was involved in tense international relations with the USSR, India, and Afghanistan since 1947. Pakistan commenced the formation of foreign relations with the US during the period of the Cold War. Thus, Pakistan became the ally of the US when the Soviet Union’s military forces invaded Afghanistan. Besides, Pakistan had significant political relations with other neighboring countries — China and Iran. The foreign policy towards India has always been hostile.

The international relations with the US are of particular importance for Pakistan. Since 9/11, Pakistan joined the US in its ‘War on Terror”. These relations were often concerned as extremely controversial. Nevertheless, the fact was that Pakistan aimed at finding and eliminating extremist terrorist groups within the country. Pakistan assisted the US in Afghanistan, but the consequences were adverse. The US military forces intended to kill all terrorists. However, many civilians suffered or were slaughtered too. Thus, American Drone attacks killed almost three thousand Pakistani people.

Future prospects for Pakistan are not very positive. The improper governance, lack of an efficient system of health care and education, old and agriculture-based economy cannot provide the country with developing opportunities. Many scholars agree that the current state of Pakistan’s development is noticeably disadvantageous. No meaningful changes are expected to occur in the following five or seven years.

There is the dilemma of governance in Pakistan that will exist for a long time. Military representatives rule the country, but they are not the best governors. At the same time, they will not let anyone else take control of Pakistan. This controversy puts Pakistan in a kind of deadlock. Experts agree that Pakistan should collaborate with India. These two countries can create a powerful alliance that will protect their interests in the global arena of politics. The future of Pakistan is not clear at the current stage of its development. The country needs comprehensive reforms in all spheres to begin the way towards prosperity.

Works Cited

Akbar, Malik. “The Future of Pakistan.” The Express Tribune . Web.

“Benazir Bhutto.” 100leaders.org . Web.

Bhattacharya, Sanchita. “How does Pakistan’s domestic strife influence its foreign policy, and vice versa.” Academia.edu . Web.

“Economy of Pakistan: an Overview.” CSS Forum . Web.

“Geography and Map of Pakistan.” Geography.about.com . Web.

Malik, Farid. “Energy Crisis of Pakistan.” Pakistan Today . Web.

Mashru, Ram. “Pakistan: as corrupt as ever.” The Diplomat . Web.

“Natural Resources of Pakistan.” Pakistan Insider . Web.

“Pakistan.” Heritage.org . Web.

“Pakistan Demographic Profile 2014.” Indexundi .com. Web.

“Pakistan. History.” Lonelyplanet.com . Web.

“Pakistan GDP Growth Rate.” Tradingeconomics.com . Web.

“Pakistan Profile.” BBC.com . Web.

“Pakistan’s Strengths & Weaknesses.” American.edu . Web.

Pillalamarri, Akhilesh. “Pakistan’s 3 Greatest Leaders of All Time.” The National Interest . Web.

“Ten Major Problems Facing by Pakistan Today.” CSS Forum . Web.

“The Political System of Pakistan.” Hubpages.com . Web.

Wynbrandt, James. A Brief History of . New York: Infobase Publishing, 2009.

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10 Critical Questions Of Pakistan Affairs

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10 Critical Questions of CSS Pakistan Affairs

Written By ahtisham.akbar Jan 2, 2024

Pakistan affairs are the only subject in which students cannot stick to the same topics. They can keep an eye on the changing National trends except pre-history to trace the questions in the exam. Just to make this easy for you people, our instructor has provided a list of the most important topics for CSS 2024.

10 Critical Questions of Pakistan Affairs

1. Trace the historical development of the constitution of Pakistan, highlighting key amendments and their impact on governance.

2. Analyze the ongoing Kashmir issue, considering its historical background, regional implications, and potential avenues for resolution.

3. Discuss the major economic challenges facing Pakistan and propose strategies for sustainable economic growth and development.

4. Evaluate the significance and potential impact of CPEC on Pakistan's economy, infrastructure, and regional relations.

5. Examine the current security situation in Pakistan, focusing on counterterrorism efforts, internal challenges, and regional security dynamics.

6. Analyze demographic trends in Pakistan, addressing issues such as population growth, urbanization, and the role of population policies in development.

7. Discuss the dynamics of federalism in Pakistan, examining the powers and responsibilities of the federal and provincial governments.

8. Assess the current political landscape in Pakistan, discussing electoral processes, political parties, and the need for electoral reforms.

9. Explore prevalent social issues in Pakistan, with a focus on gender equality, women's empowerment, and social justice.

10. Examine the role of media in shaping public opinion and discuss the challenges and opportunities in the information landscape of Pakistan?

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Democracy in Pakistan: Challenges and Prospects

Quratulain Babar
February 11, 2024
CSS , CSS Essays , CSS Solved Essays

Democracy in Pakistan: Challenges and Prospects | CSS & PMS Solved Essays

Quratulain Babar , a Sir Syed Kazim Ali student, has attempted the CSS essay “ Democracy in Pakistan: Challenges and Prospects ” on the given pattern, which Sir Syed Kazim Ali teaches his students. Sir Syed Kazim Ali has been Pakistan’s top English writing and CSS, PMS essay and precis coach with the highest success rate of his students. The essay is uploaded to help other competitive aspirants learn and practice essay writing techniques and patterns to qualify for the essay paper.

1-Introduction

Although Pakistan’s democracy is still in its early stages, facing challenges, such as public unawareness, a distorted political culture, and a widening gap between political parties and the electorate, democracy holds a crucial role in the country’s society, emphasizing the necessity of immediate free and fair elections and improved governance as essential steps to overcome the current political turmoil.

2-Understanding Democracy and its prerequisites?

3-State of Democracy in Pakistan

4-Challenges to Democracy in Pakistan

Case in point: According to Barbara Crossett, a New York Times reporter, in Pakistan, the baradari system plays a crucial role in the party’s choice of candidates
Case in point: The average voter turnout for the past nine general elections is just over 45 per cent.
Case in point: Major political parties like PPP and PML (N) hold no internal elections for party offices, which are filled through nominations and appointments.
Case in point: According to the Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index, Pakistan is ranked at 140th position among 180 countries.
Case in point: The inability of the civilian governments to complete their five-year tenure.

5-Prospects of Democracy in Pakistan

Case in point: It was stated at a Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency’s roundtable discussion on the International Day of Democracy that 63 per cent of Pakistanis believe that a civilian government can govern the country.
Case in point: The study conducted by the University of Karachi on a sample of students shows that political awareness among the youth is due to mass media.
Case in point: Many Chief Justices have considered missing persons, and a particular cell has been made to deal with the cases.
Case in point: The lawyers’ movement of 2007-08
Case in point: The punishment of paramilitary personnel who recklessly shot a criminal suspect in Karachi, which followed an expose of the brutal shooting by a television channel .

6-How to Counter the Challenges to Democracy?

✓By restructuring the political parties
✓By promoting a culture of cooperation among political parties
✓By holding free and fair elections

7-Conclusion

Extensive English Essay and Precis Course for CSS & PMS Aspirants

Democracy, in its present form, has taken a long time to emerge, bolstered by many developments – from 1215, the English Magna Carta, to the French and the American Revolutions in the eighteenth century, to the adult franchise spread in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in North America and Europe. But since the latter half of the twentieth century, democracy has been established as a form of government to which every nation is entitled – whether in Europe, America, Asia, or Africa. The flowering and reach of democratic practice are, however, a continuing process. Likewise, democracy in Pakistan, still in its juvenile stage, is undergoing the same evolution as it is yet to solve many problems that threaten its democracy. For instance, unawareness among the masses about the nature of democracy, distorted political culture, deteriorating political crisis, and, among others, the widening political gap between the political parties and the electorate are significant hurdles in democracy. Despite these challenges, it is irrefutable that democracy has attained a special place in Pakistan, and if it continues to flourish, its prospects can be multiple. To illustrate, the wide acceptance of democracy, the emergence of an assertive judiciary, and a more vibrant civil society are the rays of light in the darkness, indicating that there is no viable political solution other than democracy for Pakistan’s political turmoil. Thus, the political elite should pull Pakistan out of this dilemma by holding immediate free and fair elections and improving governance to fill the void between the government and the masses.

Democracy is a system of government in which laws, policies, leadership, and significant initiatives of a state or other political entity are determined directly or indirectly by the “People’. Historically, this group was often a minority, such as all male adults in ancient Athens or all sufficiently propertied male adults in 19th-century Britain. However, the concept has evolved to encompass all or nearly all adult citizens in the modern era. Like any other form of government, democracy has its fundamentals, without which it cannot flourish in any state. For instance, free and fair elections are the prerequisites of democracy. Moreover, free media, newspapers, and television cannot be ignored in the contemporary era because they are essential to creating political awareness among the general public. Another vital precondition of democracy is education, which generates a well-informed electorate. In addition, freedom of speech and expression, particularly on societal and political issues, is the critical essence of democracy. All these elements and a fair and impartial judiciary form the main pillars of democracy.

Currently, Pakistan is experiencing a complete breakdown of democracy with a powerless interim setup at the centre provinces serving beyond their constitutional mandate, a divided judiciary that is being openly defied, and an increasingly censored media. Moreover, the post-2018 period has seen democratic reversals and regression as the hybrid arrangement entailed the military establishment, giving it an expansive role in politics, governance, and even the economy. According to the Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency, the phase that ended with the Parliament’s dissolution in August this year is the period of democratic decline rather than democratic consolidation. Further, this has been accompanied by primarily politically motivated corruption cases against opposition leaders, the jailing of political leaders and activists, the defiance of the rule of law, and the marginalization of the Parliament.

There are many culprits behind the sorry state of democracy in the country. First, one of the significant challenges to informed choices is Pakistan’s flawed political culture. Political culture refers to peoples’ attitudes toward the political system and its various parts and attitudes towards the self in the system. In the case of Pakistan, the political structure is greatly influenced by caste and the radar system. In this system, people are divided into social hierarchical communities, and each community has its place in the social hierarchy, remaining constant generation after generation. Moreover, individual opinions have no value; these are bound by the decisions of the biradari, who make decisions on every political and social aspect. According to Barbar Crossette, a New York Times reporter, the biradari system in Pakistan plays a vital role in the party’s choice of candidates . Further, the backward rural areas of the country have feudalism-like political structures regulated by feudal lords. As a result, the leading political parties maximize their vote by harnessing landlords and factory owners. Thus, in such a political culture, informed choices become a dream for individuals whose opinions do not stand a chance before the biradari or landlord.

Another factor that poses a challenge to democratic stability is what might be called the political gap between the existing political parties and the electoral system, and several factors have transformed the national landscape. To illustrate, recent years have seen a wave of urbanization – a shift in the centre of economic power from rural areas to cities, the expansion of modern communication technologies, and greater public awareness brought about by broadcast and social media. However, representative or electoral politics have lagged and failed to reflect these changes. This has created a growing disconnect between traditional politics and new social dynamics. A telling symptom of the gap between electoral politics and changing public aspirations is the falling voter turnout. For instance, the average voter turnout for the past nine general elections is just a little over 45 per cent, which means that more than half of the voters do not even participate in electing their new governments at the federal and provincial levels . Thus, the archaic nature of Pakistani politics puts it at odds with the changing society and its needs, making it difficult for democracy to evolve.

Moreover, the weak institution of political parties also hampers the development of democracy. For example, major political parties like PPP and PML(N) hold no internal elections for party offices, which are filled through nominations and appointments. As a result, party officials are not representatives of the workers who feel frustrated about this imposition from the top. These party officials tend to come from the ruling classes and care little about the workers and the need to remain in touch with the problems of ordinary citizens. They turn into sycophants for the leader at the top and end up insulating and isolating him from political realities, thus creating a void between the party and its voters and allowing non-political actors to come into play.

Further, bad governance is another major hurdle in democracy, as the country is performing poorly at all governance indicators: transparency, accountability, service delivery, and the rule of law. It is manifested in governance based on clientelist politics geared to rewarding networks of supporters rather than the needs of citizens. This encourages rent-seeking behaviour and corruption. According to the Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index, Pakistan is ranked at 140th position among 180 countries. Regarding other governance indicators, the government cannot provide public goods to its citizens and uphold the rule of law. For example, according to a report released by the Pakistan Medical Association (PMA), the government cannot provide even safe drinking water to its citizens, let alone other necessities of the masses. Thus, the inability of the government to govern and cater to the needs of the masses does not allow democracy to flourish in the country.

Further, political instability is one of the significant challenges to democracy. This is manifested in the inability of civilian governments to complete their tenure. It happens due to the lack of cooperation and tolerance between the ruling party and the opposition. This results in the apolitical forces to come into play, leading to political instability. Thus, the clashes and conflicts between the political parties are the major impediments to the development of actual democratic norms.

Nonetheless, no matter how significant these challenges are, they cannot obstruct the dawn of democracy in the country. As is evident from changing socio-political dynamics, only the future of democracy in Pakistan is feasible. In this regard, significant trends favouring the consolidation of democracy are discussed below.

First, political actors – political parties and other stakeholders and participants in the democratic process – now have a shared stake in the continuance of democracy. However, this was not always so in the past when one or another political party looked to the army to resolve their political disputes. But now, there is wide acceptance and public consensus that military intervention is not the answer or the option. In this consideration, it was stated at a Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency’s roundtable discussion on the International Day of Democracy that 63 per cent of Pakistanis believe that a civilian government can govern the country. The military even supports this consensus, which is moving toward accepting the principle of civilian democracy. This has added to the delegitimization of military rule in the country. Thus, the broad consensus on the democratic form of government indicates the prospects for democracy in the country.

Moreover, the growth and expansion of media – broadcast and social, has made it a powerful political force, paving the way for democracy. It is exercising this power to hold rulers to account, expose corruption and injustice, and become a platform for sustained demands for accountable governance. Undoubtedly, the media in Pakistan has become more open, direct, and proactive, highlighting societal wrongdoings. As a result, it has become an effective tool that creates political awareness among the masses, enabling them to participate in the political process effectively. For instance, the study conducted by the University of Karachi on a sample of students shows that political awareness among the youth is due to mass media. Consequently, political awareness has led the youth to have political discussions and political participation in different forums. Thus, the rise of media as a robust political force indicates the bright future of democracy in the country.

Like the media, another emerging force is the assertive judiciary that is contributing to the consolidation of democracy. To illustrate, it is seeking to operationalize democratic checks and balances, limit the excess of executive power and focus government attention on pressing issues, for example, the breakdown of law and order in Karachi, increasing corruption, and the cases of missing persons. Among many cases going on at present in the Supreme Court is an investigation of missing persons allegedly picked by the country’s security forces. In this regard, many Chief Justices have considered missing persons, and a particular cell has been made to deal with the cases. In this way, the judiciary tries to ensure that ill practices are subject to the law and that Pakistan’s democracy is anchored in the rule of law and does not degenerate into elected autocracy or kleptocracy.

In addition, the rise of a large, more assertive urban middle class also has an essential bearing on democratic consolidation. It has unleashed new political dynamics as it wants a more prominent political voice, expressing itself first in the lawyers’ movement of 2007-08. This saw months of street action by lawyers and members of civil society in support of judges ousted by President Pervaiz Musharaf and in defense of the rule of law. Two waves of protests led to the restoration of the Chief Justice and his colleagues. Although the campaign had a single-point agenda, it reflected broader liberal-democratic aspirations and was spearheaded by middle-class professionals, with politicians following, not leading. Thus, the urban middle class wanting to play a role in the country’s politics affords opportunities to align Pakistan’s governance with the forces of demographic change and the modernizing impulses of a social class whose universe is quite different from the stagnant, patrimonial world of traditional politics.

Similarly, the well-informed civil society is another countervailing force, increasing the odds of democracy in the country. In this regard, unjust practices at national and international levels are now challenged more frequently and confidently. Examples abound of citizens taking their cases to the media, the media mounting pressure, and the judiciary taking action in a mutually reinforcing manner. This is exemplified by the punishment of paramilitary personnel who recklessly shot a criminal suspect in Karachi, which followed an expose of the brutal shooting by a television channel. This and other cases illustrate a new form of citizen-driven accountability.

So, to ensure the country’s democratic evolution, specific measures are suggested to avert the challenges to democracy. For example, the restructuring of political parties is of utmost significance. This institution needs to be strong by involving all members in decision-making. In addition, all the parties must carry out regular elections within their respective parties so new leaders can emerge. Local governments are the ideal nurturing grounds for political leadership as the people serving in the union councils are aware of the ground realities and needs of the people and, thus, are more deserving of coming up in the political hierarchy of their concerned political parties. This would ultimately lead to a strong leadership with a well-defined political ideology, leading the country on a democratic path.

Furthermore, there is a dire need for a cooperation-based system where all political stakeholders collaborate for the greater national good regardless of their diverse ideologies. This can be done by enacting a charter of democracy, as in the past, so that an environment of tolerance can prevail. This is necessary for the smooth functioning of the government as it would prevent the exploitative elements from taking advantage of the differences between the ruling elite and the opposition.

No less importantly, in the contemporary scenario, the most widely advocated solution to the challenges to democracy is the prompt conduct of free and fair elections. As a result of the ousting of the previous government, most citizens feel betrayed as they do not believe in the legitimacy of the current interim setup. Thus, fair general elections would lead to political stability, ultimately opening up the avenues for democratic stability of the country.

In summary, democracy in Pakistan has specific challenges like weak political parties, bad governance, the gap between the masses and the government, and political instability. Still, the future of democracy in Pakistan is feasible due to the emergence of new acts changing the country’s political dynamics. For instance, the government is witnessing an interplay between a recently empowered judiciary, vigorous media, and citizen activism. These are excellent signs to argue that democracy has a future in Pakistan. Thus, to overcome the impediments of democracy, there is a need to restructure the political parties, hold free and fair elections, and improve governance.

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Explore Foreign Affairs ’ coverage of Pakistan’s domestic politics, its foreign policy, and Islamabad’s role in South Asia, past and present.

Husain Haqqani and Javid Ahmad

Pakistan reaps what it sowed.

How the Country’s Support for the Taliban Backfired

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The end of south asia, three books on pakistan, in pakistan, the military is still running the show, pakistan finds a new scapegoat, the virtues of restraint, pakistan’s military still runs the show, imran khan’s ill-fated revolution, a nuclear collision course in south asia, pakistan’s twin crises, trouble at the roof of the world, pakistan’s house divided, kashmir at the crossroads: inside a twenty-first-century conflict, america’s perennial pakistan problem, why the taliban won, pakistan’s pyrrhic victory in afghanistan, women are the key to vaccinating the world, will pakistan’s military lose its grip on power, three books on asian political leaders, modi pushes india into revolt, how iran found its feet in afghanistan, the united states can’t solve the kashmir dispute, pakistan adrift: navigating troubled waters, why the india-pakistan crisis isn’t likely to turn nuclear, imran khan’s failing revolution, the vanishing nuclear taboo, praying for pakistan, pakistan's nuclear bomb: a story of defiance, deterrence, and deviance, pakistan's sham election, is democracy dying in pakistan, the long shadow of a.q. khan, trump's flawed pakistan policy, pakistan and the myth of “too dangerous to fail”, china’s $62 billion bet on pakistan, gandhi's role in the partition of india, purifying the land of the pure: a history of pakistan's religious minorities, how war altered pakistan's tribal areas, making jihad pay, when prosperity leads to disaffection, democracy after sharif in pakistan, pakistan after sharif, calling pakistan's bluff, how to normalize pakistan's nuclear program, danger on the durand line, rising tensions in kashmir, defeat is an orphan: how pakistan lost the great south asian war, pakistan's dishonor killings, the case for restraint in india, india's options in pakistan, the marketplace of terrorist ideas, escaping the taliban in pakistan, ending infanticide in pakistan, facing armageddon in south asia, life and death in lahore, valley of the brawls, the pakistan paradox: instability and resilience, pakistan's game, the graveyard of caliphates, the next pathankot, karachi: ordered disorder and the struggle for the city, a costly corridor, the china-pakistan axis: asia’s new geopolitics, smiling buddha, thank you for being a friend, pakistan's own drones, an unworthy ally, focus: nisid hajari on partition, hot indian summer, india flexes its muscle, defining the relationship, expanding the caliphate, there will be blood, kashmir's crossroads, pakistan's dark days, a conditional caliphate, still standing in pakistan, the business of begging, meet pakistan's lady cadets, pakistan fights back, what really happened in bangladesh, partners in crime, the generals strike back, drone lands dispatch, the pity of partition: manto’s life, times, and work across the india-pakistan divide, avoiding armageddon: america, india, and pakistan to the brink and back, getting away with murder, a new drone deal for pakistan, why drones fail, why drones work, nawaz sharif, 3.0, unhealthy practice, the pakistani military's new coup playbook, the battle for bangladesh, breaking up is not hard to do, derailing democracy in islamabad, pakistan and the terrible, horrible, no good, very bad week.

Current Affairs of Pakistan

Current Affairs of Pakistan 2024. Latest information about Pakistan and important recent facts and figures. Pakistan Current Affairs: Developments at national levels in the last 2 years.

Imran Khan and Shah Mehmood acquitted in the cipher case Former prime minister Imran Khan and former foreign minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi were acquitted in the cipher case by the Islamabad High Court on June 3, 2024. Both were sentenced to 10 years of imprisonment in the case. They were accused of misusing a diplomatic cable for political purposes. Using the cipher (the secret diplomatic cable), Imran Khan accused the United States, Pakistani army generals, and opposition political leaders of collusion to remove his government.

Current Militancy in Pakistan Pakistan is facing a surge in terrorist attacks in Pakistan, including a targeted attack on Chinese nationals on March 26, 2024. Six people including five Chinese nationals were killed in the attack. The Pakistani army has vowed to take all necessary measures to safeguard Chinese nationals working in Pakistan.

Pakistan Day 2024 Pakistanis around the world celebrated “Pakistan Day” on March 23, 2024. On the occasion of military parade in Islamabad, president of Pakistan said, “Pakistan will not compromise on its sovereignty and not tolerate any destabilizing efforts”.

Afghanistan-Pakistan Border Tension Pakistan on 18 March 2024 launched an operation against terrorist hideouts in Afghanistan. This group of terrorists was involved in terrorist activities inside Pakistan. The Pakistani authorities have said that we are not seeking armed conflict with Afghanistan, but cross-border attacks will not be tolerated.

Asif Zardari is elected president on 9 March 2024 and sworn in as the 14th President of Pakistan on 10 March 2024. He is the first civilian to assume the office of president for the second time.

The Supreme Judicial Council on 7 March 2024 found the former judge of the Supreme Court Mazahar Naqvi “guilty of misconduct”.

Shehbaz Sharif is elected as the Prime Minister of Pakistan on 3 March 2024 and sworn in as the 24th Prime Minister of Pakistan on 4 March 2024.

There are different claims about the fairness of general elections 2024. Although these claims are not supported by substantial evidence, media hype and social media are creating disturbances in the country. Fake news is an increasingly big challenge for democracy and democratic processes around the world.

Pakistan has witnessed a massive turnout in the 2024 general elections, and the polling was held in a peaceful manner throughout Pakistan. Despite many challenges, Pakistan has been successful in holding fair elections. However, many unverified and fake news stories created confusion among the people.

A total of 128,585,760 Pakistanis are eligible to vote in the General Elections on 8 February 2024.

The Election Commission of Pakistan and the security forces have completed all the arrangements to hold the elections in a peaceful manner.

The largest provinces of Punjab and Sindh remained completely peaceful during the election campaign. However, there were some terrorist attacks in the remote areas of Balochistan province.

Former prime minister Imran Khan and former foreign minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi sentenced to 10 years in the cipher case. They were accused of misusing a diplomatic cable for political purposes. Using the cipher (the secret diplomatic cable), Imran Khan accused the United States, Pakistani army generals, and opposition political leaders of collusion to remove his government.

PTI on 28 January 2024 has announced its manifesto for the 2024 elections. Read More..
PPP has announced its manifesto for the February 8 elections. Read More..
PMLN on 27 January 2024 has announced its manifesto for the general elections 2024. They have promised judicial reforms and creation of 10 million jobs in 5 years. Read More..
The Federal Cabinet on 24 January 2024 has approved a summary to deploy the Army to ensure free and fair 2024 general elections in a peaceful environment.
Iran and Pakistan have agreed to restore the diplomatic ties after brief cross-border strikes.
Pakistan on 18 January 2024 conducted airstrikes against terrorists hideouts in Iran. Several terrorists were reportedly killed in the strikes.
Iran on 16 January 2024 conducted airstrikes inside Pakistan with ballistic missiles which resulted in the death of two children. Pakistan strongly condemned the Iranian attacks on its soil.
Former minister of foreign affairs Sartaj Aziz died on 2 January 2024 at the age of 94.
After 19 years, Lt General (r) Arif Hasan has stepped down as the president of Pakistan Olympic Association. Sports in Pakistan has suffered heavily under his presidency.
Inflation in Pakistan jumped to 29.2% during 2023.
The General Elections 2024 are scheduled to be held on 8 February 2024.
Pakistan Army vows all necessary support for holding peaceful February 8 elections.
Pakistan’s GDP growth rate for the financial year 2023 is recorded as 0.29%.
Pakistan’s total liquid foreign exchange reserves on 12 January 2024: $13.15 billion
State Bank of Pakistan’s current policy rate is 22%.
The current US Dollar rate in Pakistan is: $1 = Rs 279
PSX (4 March 2024): Index: 65,952 Change: 0.96%

Chief Ministers of Pakistan Punjab: Maryam Nawaz (since 26 February 2024) Sindh: Murad Ali Shah (since 27 February 2024) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Ali Amin Gandapur (since 2 March 2024) Balochistan: Sarfraz Bugti (since 2 March 2024) Gilgit-Baltistan: Gulbar Khan (since 13 July 2023)

Governors in Pakistan Punjab: Baligh Ur Rehman (since 30 May 2022) Sindh: Kamran Tessori (since 10 October 2022) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Haji Ghulam Ali (since 23 November 2022) Balochistan: Abdul Wali Kakar (since 3 March 2023) Gilgit-Baltistan: Syed Mehdi Shah (since 15 August 2022)

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Essay On Current Affairs Of Pakistan 2020
Pakistan’s Current Affairs: [Essay Example], 972 words GradesFixer
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Pakistan History and Current Affairs
Essay Current Affairs Pakistan Affairs Important Topics for CSS 2019

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18 Important Current Affairs Topics for CSS 2024 Exam
Pakistan current affairs March 2024 complete month
Three crucial days for Pakistan’s political future
One-liner Pakistan Current Affairs January
Pakistan current affairs 2023 || Who is who in Pakistan 2023 || Pakistan main kon kiya hain 2023 mai
Pakistan's Gwadar Under Attack as BLA Strikes CPEC

COMMENTS

Top 50 CSS Essay Topics in Pakistan for Exam Success: A Comprehensive
To help candidates prepare for the essay writing section, we have compiled a list of the top 50 essay topics for the CSS exam in Pakistan. These topics cover a wide range of issues that are important for the development and progress of Pakistan. They include education, democracy, terrorism, foreign policy, healthcare, energy, and much more.
Pakistan's Current Affairs: [Essay Example], 972 words
Pakistan's Current Affairs. Every country has its own affairs which sometimes comes up on the air and spread all around the world. Pakistan is one the country that is always remained at top of the biggest controversy due to its political affairs, terrorism and foreign relations. I am making a report based on the latest trends and affairs of ...
Essay on Current Affairs of Pakistan 2024
As every day brings something new for it, whether it is a political rift, drill against corruption, judicial activism, governance issues, economic condition or inflation. We start the Essay on Current Affairs of Pakistan 2024 from the current Political Scenarios. Since Imran Khan is out from the office of Prime Minister, there seems a political ...
Pakistan: Five major issues to watch in 2023
Center for Middle East Policy. 1. Political instability, polarization, and an election year. Politics will likely consume much of Pakistan's time and attention in 2023, as it did in 2022. The ...
100 Must-Read Essays and CSS Solved Past Papers Questions
These 100 Must-Read Solved Pakistan Affairs and Current Affairs Questions and Essays will help aspirants of CSS and PMS Score High! 100 Must-Read Essays. Whether CSS or PMS, both examinations require aspirants to have a good command of presentation skills, as knowledge alone has never helped anyone qualify for them.
CSS Pakistan Affairs: Must-Know Topics and How to Tackle Them
Meticulously covering the current affairs portion within Pakistan Affairs helps you tackle the many dimensions of current events and provides you with a wealth of knowledge and data for essay papers. While the FPSC syllabus change in 2016 shifted the focus towards contemporary events, pre-partition history remains a crucial section for the ...
35-most-important-current-affairs-topics-for-css-2024
Current affairs is the only subject in which students cannot stick to the same topics. They can keep an eye on the changing global trends to trace the questions in the exam. Just to make this easy for you people, our instructor has provided a list of the most important topics for the CSS 2024. Top 10 Current Affairs Topics for CSS Special 2023
Essay On Current Issues Of Pakistan 2020 (200 & 500 Words)
Pakistan, a South Asian country with a population of over 220 million, has faced several challenges and issues in recent years. These issues range from political instability, economic crisis, social inequality, security concerns, and healthcare challenges. In 2020, these issues were further compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has ...
Essay On Current Affairs Of Pakistan 2020 (200 & 500 Words)
Pakistan had a tumultuous year, from the COVID-19 pandemic to the economic crisis and political instability. In this essay, we will discuss the current affairs of Pakistan in 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted Pakistan's healthcare system, economy, and society. As of 2021, there have been over 900,000 confirmed cases and over ...
CSS 2023 Important Topics For Essay, Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs
Here, you will have all the essential topics of English Essay, Current Affairs and Pakistan affairs for CSS and PMS Exams 2023. These are the CSS Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs, International relations and English Essay 2023 Guess Questions For the upcoming CE-2023 made by the qualified CSSMCQs team members while keeping in review all the major aspects of the Current scenarios.
CSS Current Affairs Syllabus and Recommended Resources
Here is a comprehensive syllabus and recommended books for the CSS Current Affairs paper: 1. Pakistan Affairs. Recent political and constitutional developments. Economic issues and challenges. Social issues and problems. Education and health sectors. Provincial autonomy and local government. Civil-military relations.
The Current Situation in Pakistan
The U.S. Institute of Peace has conducted research and analysis and promoted dialogue in Pakistan since the 1990s, with a presence in the country since 2013. The Institute works to help reverse Pakistan's growing intolerance of diversity and to increase social cohesion. USIP supports local organizations that develop innovative ways to build ...
CSS 2025: Essay Themes to Prepare
Preparing for the essay paper in the CSS exam requires a broad understanding of various topics and the ability to articulate your thoughts clearly and coherently. Here is a detailed list of major topics and themes you should focus on for essay preparation: 1. Current Affairs
Current Affairs Articles
Written by Tayyaba Rehan and Zara Zahid • August 20, 2024 • 6:27 pm •. The UK has experienced racially charged riots targeting immigrants and Muslims, reminiscent of the Brixton riots in 1981. The government, led by Prime Minister Keir Starmer, is committed to apprehending the instigators and restoring law and order.
≡Essays on Pakistan. Free Examples of Research Paper Topics, Titles
Absolutely FREE essays on Pakistan. All examples of topics, summaries were provided by straight-A students. Get an idea for your paper. ... Pakistan's Current Affairs . 2 pages / 972 words . Every country has its own affairs which sometimes comes up on the air and spread all around the world. Pakistan is one the country that is always ...
Challenges to Democracy in Pakistan
Under his supervision, she is enrolled in course of Online Creative English Writing and learning Basic to Advanced Grammar. Primarily, she is an engineer and loves to write articles and blogs on various topics- Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs, International Relations, and Beauty. In case of any query, please reach her at Rukhsanakhalid12 ...
Current Affairs of Pakistan 2023 (Pdf Download)
According to the World Justice Project, Pakistan's ranking is: |13O| (out of 139 countries) According to ECP, Local Govt. Elections in Punjab will be held on: |29 May) 2022 p On 16 February |1941, Kim Jong-il| (North Korea leader—father of current President Kim Jong-un) was born. On 16 Feb |2005 Kyoto Protocoll (signed in 11 Dec 1997) was ...
Pakistan History and Current Affairs Essay
The geographical location of Pakistan is also the reason for devastating natural hazards such as earthquakes and floods. The following demographic data of Pakistan were gathered in 2014. Thus, the population of the country comprises 196 million people. More than thirty-five percent of the residents are 24-54 years old.
Pakistan Politics, Relations & Current Affairs
The Military Is Still Pulling the Strings in Pakistan's Elections. With opposition leader Imran Khan behind bars, the Feb. 8 vote offers little hope for near-term stability. Analysis.
10 Critical Questions of CSS Pakistan Affairs
Pakistan affairs are the only subject in which students cannot stick to the same topics. They can keep an eye on the changing National trends except pre-history to trace the questions in the exam. Just to make this easy for you people, our instructor has provided a list of the most important topics for CSS 2024.
Important 15 Essays, Current & Pakistan affairs topics for ...
Mushtaq Ahmad a CSS qualified person who has served under Federal Government Pakistan in various capacities. He holds Master degree in Political Science, Isl...
Democracy in Pakistan: Challenges and Prospects
3-State of Democracy in Pakistan. 4-Challenges to Democracy in Pakistan. Distorted political culture. Case in point: According to Barbara Crossett, a New York Times reporter, in Pakistan, the baradari system plays a crucial role in the party's choice of candidates. The widening gap between the existing political parties and electoral system ...
Pakistan
Stay up to date on the latest news, analysis, and commentary in Pakistan. Browse our archives of magazine articles, interviews, and in-depth essays from experts in Pakistan.
Current Affairs of Pakistan
Pakistan's GDP growth rate for the financial year 2023 is recorded as 0.29%. Pakistan's total liquid foreign exchange reserves on 12 January 2024: $13.15 billion. State Bank of Pakistan's current policy rate is 22%. The current US Dollar rate in Pakistan is: $1 = Rs 279. PSX (4 March 2024): Index: 65,952 Change: 0.96%.
UPSC Weekly Current Affairs Quiz
UPSC Weekly Quiz is a current affairs-based quiz on relevant topics from the past week, ... now in Pakistan. were built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh but renamed by the British. Though Saragarhi was usually manned by a platoon of 40 soldiers, on that fateful day, it was being held by only 21 soldiers from the 36th Sikh (now 4 Sikh) and a non ...

Top 50 CSS Essay Topics in Pakistan for Exam Success: A Comprehensive List Covering Key Issues for National Development

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Essay on Current Affairs of Pakistan 2024

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Pakistan: Five major issues to watch in 2023

1. Political instability, polarization, and an election year

2. A precarious economic situation

3. Flood recovery

4. Mounting insecurity

5. Civil-military relations

Essay On Current Affairs Of Pakistan 2020 (200 & 500 Words)

Essay On Current Affairs Of Pakistan 2020 (500 words)

Related Essays:

CSS 2023 Important Topics For Essay, Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs

CSS 2023 Important Topics For Essay, Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs

Important Topic for CSS and PMS Exams 2023

1) Inflation:

2) The Crisis Of Energy:

3) Islamophobia:

4) Climate Change:

5) Water Crisis.

6) Foreign Policy

7) Afghanistan Issue:

8) Financial Action Task Force.

9) Food Insecurity.

10) Russian_Ukraine Crisis.

11) Indo-Pacific:

12) The Emerging New World Order.

13) The Decline of USD.

14) Political Instability:

15) Constitutional Crisis:

16) Economic Crisis of Pakistan

17) Electoral Reforms.

18) National Security Policy 2022-26.

19) The Crisis of Overpopulation.

20) International Monitoring Fund, IMF.

21) Single National Curriculum (SNC) and Pakistan

Detail Explanation: CSS 2023 Important Topics For Essay, CA, PA & IR

Watch on Youtube CSS 2023 Essay, Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs & IR Most Important Topics For 2023

Click below to download in PDF CSS Essay, Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs Important Topics For 2022.

CSS Current Affairs Syllabus and Recommended Resources

1. Pakistan Affairs

2. International Affairs

3. Economics and Finance

4. Science and Technology

5. Social Issues

Recommended Books

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