persuasive speech about vaccinations

Lessons learned: What makes vaccine messages persuasive

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Vaccine hesitancy threatened public health’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Scientists at the University of Maryland recently reviewed 47 randomized controlled trials to determine how COVID-19 communications persuaded—or failed to persuade—people to take the vaccine. ( Health Communication , 2023  DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2218145 ).

What they learned:  Simply communicating about the vaccine’s safety or efficacy persuaded people to get vaccinated. Urging people to follow the lead of others, by highlighting how many millions were already vaccinated or even trying to induce embarrassment, was also persuasive.

Why it matters:  Understanding which message strategies are likely to be persuasive is crucial.

➡️ Idea worth stealing:  The authors found that a message’s source didn’t significantly influence its persuasiveness. But messages were more persuasive when source and receivers shared an identity, such as political affiliation.

What to watch:  How other formats, such as interactive chatbots and videos, might influence persuasiveness. And whether message tailoring could persuade specific population subgroups.

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Vaccine Persuasion

Many vaccine skeptics have changed their minds.

By David Leonhardt

When the Kaiser Family Foundation conducted a poll at the start of the year and asked American adults whether they planned to get vaccinated, 23 percent said no.

But a significant portion of that group — about one quarter of it — has since decided to receive a shot. The Kaiser pollsters recently followed up and asked these converts what led them to change their minds . The answers are important, because they offer insight into how the millions of still unvaccinated Americans might be persuaded to get shots, too.

First, a little background: A few weeks ago, it seemed plausible that Covid-19 might be in permanent retreat, at least in communities with high vaccination rates. But the Delta variant has changed the situation. The number of cases is rising in all 50 states .

Although vaccinated people remain almost guaranteed to avoid serious symptoms, Delta has put the unvaccinated at greater risk of contracting the virus — and, by extension, of hospitalization and death. The Covid death rate in recent days has been significantly higher in states with low vaccination rates than in those with higher rates:

(For more detailed state-level charts, see this piece by my colleagues Lauren Leatherby and Amy Schoenfeld Walker. The same pattern is evident at the county level, as the health policy expert Charles Gaba has been explaining on Twitter.)

Nationwide, more than 99 percent of recent deaths have occurred among unvaccinated people, and more than 97 percent of recent hospitalizations have occurred among the unvaccinated, according to the C.D.C. “Look,” President Biden said on Friday, “the only pandemic we have is among the unvaccinated.”

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Here’s What Will Actually Convince People to Get Vaccinated

O ne of evolution’s cleverest tricks was giving us a sense of shame. It’s a miserable feeling—low, humbling, publicly discomfiting—but it’s supposed to be: if you do something lousy you ought to feel something lousy, so you don’t do it again.

In theory, when so many of the strategies for beating the COVID-19 pandemic depend on abiding by social distancing and other rules, shaming people who don’t ought to be a powerful way to bring us back in line. But increasingly, experts believe, the opposite is true. “The thinking has been that the more you shame people the more they will obey,” says Giovanni Travaglino, an assistant professor of social psychology at Kent University. “But this turns out to be absolutely wrong.”

Last month, Travaglino and Chanki Moon, an assistant professor of psychology at Leeds Beckett University, published a paper in Frontiers in Psychology that threw the ineffectiveness of shaming into relief. They assembled nearly 1,900 people from the U.S., Italy and South Korea—choosing those countries on the basis of their differing sense of the collective culture, with the U.S. judged the most individualistic, South Korea the most group-oriented and Italy in between. The subjects were asked to rate how ashamed or guilty they’d feel if they contracted COVID-19. They were also asked to rate how often they obey guidelines like social distancing and how likely they’d be to tell friends, acquaintances and health authorities if they tested positive. In all three countries, the higher the level of shame and guilt people felt over falling ill, the less likely they were to play it safe and to report their COVID-19 status.

In the U.S. and elsewhere, the antivaccine movement has long been a threat to public health, and many pro-vaccine messages have been designed to shame adherents. A December story in the U.K.’s Metro featured the headline “People think anti-vaxxers are ‘stupid and selfish.'” Attention-grabbing, maybe, but counterproductive. “It’s hard to get people to act in a cooperative manner when you approach them that way,” says Travaglino. “It’s associated with subordination to authority, and people don’t like that.”

A new TIME/Harris Poll survey similarly suggests individual authority figures aren’t very effective at convincing vaccine skeptics.

Of U.S. adults who had recently been vaccinated, only 32% said they were influenced by a local official reaching out directly via email, phone or mail. Much more effective, it seems, are appeals to people’s individual needs and desires. Some 52% of those polled said they got the vaccine because they wanted to travel, for example. The people around us also play a major role, with 56% of respondents saying they got vaccinated after a friend or family member did, and 59% saying they were influenced merely by having a conversation with such a closely connected person. And despite our ostensible mistrust in the media, 63% said they were influenced by news reports about people who had already been vaccinated.

Indeed, past research shows value in appealing to us through personal stories. In a 2015 study published in the PNAS , volunteers took a survey on their attitudes about vaccines and were then divided into three groups, each given one of three things to read: material showing that autism and vaccines are not related; a paragraph of a mother describing her child’s bout with measles; and material on an unrelated science topic. When the subjects took the vaccine survey again, all were more pro-vaccine than before, but the ones who read the mother’s account were dramatically more so, with an increase five times as great as that of the group that had read the material on autism and six times that of the control group.

Personal accounts can have a negative impact too. A new study published in PLOS ONE, by researchers from the University of Illinois and the Annenberg Public Policy Center, found that subjects who saw a video clip of Dr. Anthony Fauci talking about the safety and effectiveness of the measles vaccine came away from it more favorably disposed to vaccination overall. But the positive effect was diminished when they saw another video clip first, of a mother describing the severe rash one of her children developed after receiving the vaccine. The solution, the paper concluded, is not for the media to censor such accounts but to precede them with real-world data on the minimal risks and the considerable benefits of vaccines.

What doesn’t work, clearly, is pointing fingers and casting blame and shame. It’s the virus that’s the enemy, after all, not the people it infects.

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Write to Jeffrey Kluger at [email protected]

Rhetorical Questions and Real Answers About Vaccination

Reflections on the third act of the pandemic: the jab.

Posted April 26, 2021 | Reviewed by Matt Huston

• Decision making in the face of uncertainty is complex.
• Using a risk-benefit framework is an effective means of making decisions in the face of uncertainty.
• What we know so far about vaccination indicates that its benefits outweigh its risks.

I hope this will be my last post on the pandemic. Not because it is “over,” but because the advice I have to offer is unlikely to be updated beyond this reflection.

This weekend I got my second vaccine dose. I felt fine afterwards, and even got to work on addressing my “quarantine 15 (pounds)” with a run the next day. In a few weeks, I am looking forward to eating inside a restaurant for the first time in over a year. I will order an appetizer, wine, and dessert—and when I am done I will not have to wash the dishes. It will be decadent .

I joined about 3 million other Americans in getting a dose that day, including about 1.5 million getting their first dose. That over 40 percent of Americans have gotten at least one shot already, only four months since the first vaccine was approved, is a medical miracle. Why do I use such flowery language? Because of how confusing and frustrating the vaccine rollout has been. The media keeps reporting on “ softening demand ” for the vaccine, but let’s be real: There is a special breed of person who is willing to camp outside Best Buy starting at 3 a.m. the day after Thanksgiving to get a deal on a TV and deal with a mob, and then there is the vast majority of people who want a TV but don’t want to sleep on a sidewalk to get one.

Every state had to submit their own “plan” for how they were going to roll out the vaccine this fall, and in my estimation, those plans were graded on a “participation award” scale. At least here in Michigan , prior to the past 10 days, if you wanted to get a vaccine it meant checking multiple websites, multiple times a day, in hopes of finding an appointment. Most sites had no ability to be added to a waitlist. And when you did get an appointment, it meant driving a long distance—most people I know drove about an hour each way—to get the jab. I am not surprised that more Americans weren’t chomping at the bit to get into that circus.

Yes, there is about 20 percent of Americans who are pretty hesitant about vaccination (a group that spans the political spectrum ). If you are in that 20 percent, I encourage you to talk to people you trust—healthcare providers, pastors, family, and friends about those concerns. In the meantime, let me try to answer some of the (rhetorical) questions you may be asking yourself.

For example, if you feel that the vaccine was “rushed,” ask yourself: Under what circumstances would you feel that the vaccine pace was appropriate? That is, how long would it have taken for you to not feel it was “rushed?" One year? Two years? A decade?

If you don’t have a clear answer to that, then maybe your concern is really about the “emergency” nature of the FDA authorization. Do you have a clear idea of what “emergency” means in this situation? I certainly didn’t, but I looked it up and now I know that it means a) there is a serious health threat, b) there is a product that may be effective at addressing that threat, c) “the known and potential benefits of the product, when used to diagnose, prevent, or treat the identified disease or condition, outweigh the known and potential risks of the product,” and d) there is no alternative to address the threat. Seems reasonable, and I’m glad the FDA can grant such authorizations during crises like the one we are in now.

Still feeling unsure? Well, when the FDA approves the first vaccine fully (which will likely happen within the next month or so), will that convince you of its safety and efficacy? If not, why not? Does this mean you don’t trust the FDA as a whole? If so, why not?

I’m not an advocate of blind trust in any institution—government, private business, non-profits, etc.—but I am an advocate of realism. If there is literally no evidence that would convince you that the vaccine is safe and effective—that you are better off with it than without it—then your issue likely isn’t just with the vaccine, but with the entire practice of medicine and scientific research . That's a big pill to swallow (metaphorically, of course).

If you say you need “more data” to feel comfortable with the vaccine, ask yourself : How much data did you require the last time your doctor prescribed you antibiotics for an infection? Or advised you to start taking statins for your high cholesterol?

You can pore over the factsheets for these vaccines (akin to the advertisements for drugs you see in magazines), but if you are like me, the answer is "next to none," even though I have the quantitative chops to drill down into studies and data if I wanted to. That is, I trusted them that they had my best interest in mind when they gave me that advice or wrote me that prescription.

Do I read about the risks and benefits of any treatment I consider taking? Of course, and sometimes I even read the original studies. But do I demand evidence that does not and cannot yet exist—like, “Will the COVID vaccine protect me for more than six months? What if there are side effects from the vaccine that only emerge years later?”—when not enough time has passed for us to even begin to answer those questions? No.

Now, I understand why these questions feel compelling: they feel persuasive because the truth is “We don’t know...” But here’s the second half of that truth that I ask you to keep in mind: “...but what we know so far indicates that the benefits of vaccination far outweigh the risks.”

Every decision has risks and benefits—even the decision to not get vaccinated has the mental benefit of “ not being told what to do .” But that benefit won’t end the pandemic any sooner, it won’t reduce the risk of you inadvertently infecting your loved ones with the virus, it won’t comfort you if you are unlucky enough to get infected and require hospitalization (which will involve you being alone, with your family unable to visit you), and it won’t reduce your risk of dying from this virus to nearly zero. All of those are benefits that you can expect from vaccination .

If you don’t have a healthcare professional in your life that you trust, I suggest you fire the ones you have and find someone who works better for you—not just for the vaccine, but for all your healthcare needs. And by healthcare professional, I don’t mean a “wellness” coach or someone trying to sell you oils, crystals, or something else. I mean a person that you trust with your health, the most important asset you have.

People who have been through a health crisis—whether cancer, a stroke, a heart attack, or a serious accident—know the true value of that asset, how quickly it can shift from minor troubles to a life-threatening emergency, and how no one gets through that kind of crisis alone. And the same is true for this collective crisis.

Briana Mezuk, Ph.D. , is a Professor of Epidemiology and Director of the Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health at the University of Michigan's School of Public Health.

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LISTEN: What does it take to persuade people to get vaccinated against COVID-19?

Kathleen mazor and kimberly fisher explain research into vaccine hesitancy.

By Sarah Willey and Bryan Goodchild

In a new Voices of UMass Chan podcast, two UMass Chan Medical School researchers who have been tracking vaccine acceptance since the COVID-19 pandemic share reliable advice based on their findings.

Vaccine hesitancy is, “a very, complex tangled problem,” said Kathleen Mazor, EdD, professor of medicine and associate director of the Meyers Primary Care Institute. “There are some people, however, who can be moved and influenced to get vaccinated.”

Dr. Mazor and colleague Kimberly Fisher, MD, associate professor of medicine, began conducting national surveys early in the pandemic to better understand the common reasons people will or will not get a COVID shot.

“The most common concern people have is that they’re worried it’s not going to be safe,” Dr. Fisher said.

Fisher and Mazor said people want to turn to an available, trusted voice for information and vaccine delivery.

“Among people who are hesitant to be vaccinated, they're more likely to want to be vaccinated in a doctor's office,” said Fisher. “We found that the people who received an explicit recommendation were much more likely to indicate that they would get vaccinated at that visit.”

To learn more about this research and advice on how anyone can address vaccine hesitancy among friends and family, listen to the Voices of UMass Chan podcast at: umassmed.edu/news/voices .

The Voices of UMass Chan podcast, formerly Voices of UMassMed, was renamed to reflect the Medical School’s name change in Sept. 2021 to UMass Chan Medical School following a $175 million philanthropic gift from The Morningside Foundation.

Related stories on UMassMed News: A direct recommendation from a doctor may help with vaccine hesitancy Researchers to study health care providers’ influence on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance UMass Medical School students to administer COVID-19 vaccinations for Worcester area UMMS researchers study attitudes toward potential COVID-19 vaccine

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• 26 October 2022

Mastering the art of persuasion during a pandemic

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When Robb Willer looks back on the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic — when leaders still had a chance to stop the virus from bringing the world to a halt — there’s a fateful moment that stands out. In February 2020, global health authorities spoke in one voice, advising the public not to wear masks to prevent infection.

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Motivating COVID-19 Vaccination through Persuasive Communication: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Affiliation.

• 1 Department of Communication, University of Maryland.
• PMID: 37254940
• DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2218145

Vaccination is a vital defense against COVID-19 infections and outbreaks, yet vaccine hesitancy poses a significant threat to pandemic response and recovery. We conducted a systematic review of published randomized controlled trials ( N = 47) assessing the persuasive effects of COVID-19 communication on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Individual vs. collective appeals and gain vs. loss frames are among the most frequently assessed message features, but they generally do not make a difference in persuasion. Normative messages that highlight higher (vs. lower) prevalence of vaccine acceptance are more persuasive. Message sources overall have limited impact on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, but sources that have a shared identity with the message receivers tend to be persuasive. More engaging message channels such as interactive chatbots and videos are promising communication tools but are generally under-utilized and under-studied. Compared to no communication or irrelevant communication, COVID-19 vaccine messages generally have a small advantage in increasing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Messages that include 1) vaccine safety and/or efficacy information; 2) collective appeals combined with embarrassment appeals; and 3) political leaders' vaccine endorsement are among the most effective messaging strategies. There is no evidence of any backfire effects of COVID-19 vaccine messages. We discuss the implications of our findings for persuasive message design in pandemic vaccine communication.

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Examining persuasive message type to encourage staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown: A randomized controlled study in Japan

• • We examined persuasive message types in terms of a narrator encouraging self-restraint.
• • Messages from a governor, an expert, a physician, a patient, and a resident were compared.
• • The message from a physician increased intention to stay at home the most.
• • The physician’s message conveyed the crisis of collapse of the medical system.

Behavioral change is the only prevention against the COVID-19 pandemic until vaccines become available. This is the first study to examine the most persuasive message type in terms of narrator difference in encouraging people to stay at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown.

Participants (n = 1,980) were randomly assigned to five intervention messages (from a governor, a public health expert, a physician, a patient, and a resident of an outbreak area) and a control message. Intention to stay at home before and after reading messages was assessed. A one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s or Games–Howell test was conducted.

Compared with other messages, the message from a physician significantly increased participants’ intention to stay at home in areas with high numbers of people infected (versus a governor, p  = .002; an expert, p  = .023; a resident, p  = .004).

The message from a physician―which conveyed the crisis of overwhelmed hospitals and consequent risk of people being unable to receive treatment―increased the intent to stay at home the most.

Practice implications

Health professionals and media operatives may be able to encourage people to stay at home by disseminating the physicians’ messages through media and the internet.

1. Introduction

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as the largest global pandemic ever experienced [ 1 ]. Experts have proposed that social lockdown will lead to improvements such as controlling the increase in the number of infected individuals and preventing a huge burden on the healthcare system [ [2] , [3] , [4] ]. Governments of many countries across the world have declared local and national social lockdown [ 4 , 5 ]. In April 2020, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency, which allows prefectural governors to request residents to refrain from unnecessary and nonurgent outings from home [ 6 ]. However, despite such governor declarations, people in various countries have resisted and disregarded calls to stay at home [ [7] , [8] , [9] ]. Because social lockdown is the only existing weapon for prevention of the pandemic until vaccines becomes available to treat COVID-19, behavioral change in individuals regarding staying at home is crucial [ 3 , 4 ]. Many news articles about COVID-19 are published daily by the mass media and over the internet. Such articles convey messages from governors, public health experts, physicians, COVID-19 patients, and residents of outbreak areas, encouraging people to stay at home. This is the first study to examine which narrator’s message is most persuasive in encouraging people to do so during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown.

2.1. Participants and design

Participants were recruited from people registered in a survey company database in Japan. The eligibility criterion was men and women aged 18–69 years. Exclusion criteria were individuals who answered screening questions by stating: that they cannot go out because of illness or disability; that they have been diagnosed with a mental illness; or/and that they or their family members have been infected with COVID-19. A total of 1,980 participants completed the survey from May 9–11, 2020, when the state of emergency covered all prefectures in Japan. Participants were included according to the population composition ratio in Japan nationwide by gender, age, and residential area. Participants were randomly assigned either to a group that received an intervention message (i.e., from a governor, a public health expert, a physician, a patient, and a resident of the outbreak area) or to one that received a control message. The study was registered as a University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (number: UMIN000040286) on May 1, 2020. The methods of the present study adhered to CONSORT guidelines. The protocol was approved by the ethical review committee at the Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo (number: 2020032NI). All participants gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

2.2. Intervention and control messages

We searched news articles about COVID-19 using Yahoo! JAPAN News ( https://news.yahoo.co.jp ), the largest Japanese news portal site. We also searched videos posted by residents of outbreak areas such as New York using YouTube ( https://www.youtube.com/user/YouTubeJapan ). By referring to these articles and videos, we created five intervention messages from a governor, a public health expert, a physician, a patient, and a resident of an outbreak area. The content of each message encouraged readers to stay at home. We included threat and coping messages in each intervention message based on protection motivation theory (PMT) [ 10 , 11 ]. Appendix A shows the five intervention messages used in this study, translated into English for this report. For a control message we obtained textual information about bruxism from the website of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare ( https://www.e-healthnet.mhlw.go.jp/ ).

2.3. Measures

The primary outcome was intention to stay at home. The secondary outcomes were PMT constructs (i.e., perceived severity, vulnerability, response efficacy, and self-efficacy). Participants responded to two or three questions for each measure (see Appendix B ). These measures were adapted and modified from previous studies [ [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] ]. All primary and secondary outcomes were measured before and after the participants read intervention or control messages, and mean scores were calculated. Higher scores indicated greater intention and perception. All participants were asked for their sociodemographic information before they read intervention or control messages.

2.4. Sample size

Based on the effect size in a previous randomized controlled study [ 16 ], we estimated a small effect size (Cohen’s d  = .20) in the current study. We conducted a power analysis at an alpha error rate of .05 (two-tailed) and a beta error rate of .20. The power analysis indicated that 330 participants were required in each of the intervention and control groups.

2.5. Statistical analysis

A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted with the absolute change in mean values for each measure before and after intervention as the dependent variable and the group assignment as the independent variable. For multiple comparisons, Tukey’s test was conducted on significant main effects where appropriate. The Games–Howell test was performed when the assumption of homogeneity of variances was not satisfied. Additionally, we conducted subgroup analyses including only participants who lived in 13 “specified warning prefectures,” where the number of infected individuals showed a marked increase [ 17 ]. A p value of <.05 was considered significant in all statistical tests. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).

Table 1 shows the participants’ characteristics. Table 2 , Table 3 present a comparison among the five intervention groups using one-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons when including all prefectures and only participants who lived in the specified warning prefectures, respectively. More significant differences between intervention messages were found in the specified warning prefectures compared with all prefectures. In Table 3 , the Games–Howell test indicates that the message from a physician increased participants’ intention to stay at home significantly more than other narrators’ messages (versus a governor, p  = .002; an expert, p  = .023; a resident, p  = .004). Multiple comparisons demonstrated that the message from a physician increased participants’ perceived severity (versus a governor, p  = .015), response efficacy (versus a resident, p  = .014), and self-efficacy (versus a governor, p  = .022; a patient, p  = .009) significantly more than other narrators’ messages.

Participants’ sociodemographic information.

Comparison of amount of change before and after intervention among groups when including all prefectures (N = 1,980).

Comparison of amount of change before and after intervention among groups when including only the “specified warning prefectures” (N = 1,274).

4. Discussion and conclusion

4.1. discussion.

As Appendix A shows, the message from a physician specifically communicated the critical situation of hospitals being overwhelmed and the consequent risk of people being unable to receive treatment. Depiction of the crisis of overwhelmed hospitals may have evoked heightened sensation that elicited sensory, affective, and arousal responses in recipients. Social lockdown presumably evoked psychological reactance in many individuals [ 18 ]. Psychological reactance is considered one of the factors that impedes individuals’ staying at home during a pandemic [ 18 ]. Studies of psychological reactance have indicated that heightened sensation is the feature of a message that reduces psychological reactance [ 19 , 20 ]. Additionally, in Japan recommendations by physicians have a strong influence on individuals’ decision making owing to the remnants of paternalism in the patient–physician relationship [ 21 ]. These may constitute the reasons for the message from a physician generating the greatest impact on recipients’ protection motivation.

Public health professionals, governors, media professionals, and other influencers should use messages from physicians and disseminate relevant articles through the media and social networking services to encourage people to stay at home. It is important that health professionals and media have a network and collaborate with one another [ 22 ]. To build relationships and provide reliable resources, health professionals are expected to hold press conferences and study meetings with journalists. Through such networking, journalists can acquire accurate information in dealing with the pandemic, such as using messages from physicians to encourage people to stay at home. Consequently, journalists should disseminate such messages. It is also important that governments, municipalities, medical associations, and other public institutions convey messages from physicians and that the media effectively spread those messages. Owing to the advances of Web 2.0 [ 23 ], health professionals’ grassroots communication with journalists and citizens via social media may provide opportunities for many people to access persuasive messages from physicians.

4.1.1. Limitations

First, the content of the intervention messages in this study may not represent voices of all governors, public health experts, physicians, patients, and residents of outbreak areas. Second, it is not clear from this study which sentences in the intervention message made the most impact on recipients and why. Third, this study assessed intention rather than actual behavior. Finally, it is unclear as to what extent the present findings are generalizable to populations other than the Japanese participants in this study.

4.2. Conclusion

In areas with high numbers of infected people, the message from a physician, which conveyed the crisis of hospitals being overwhelmed and the consequent risk of people being unable to receive treatment, increased the intention to stay at home to a greater extent than other messages from a governor, a public health expert, a patient with COVID-19, and a resident of an outbreak area.

4.3. Practice implications

Governors, health professionals, and media professionals may be able to encourage people to stay at home by disseminating the physicians’ messages through media such as television and newspapers as well as social networking services on the internet.

This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (grant number 19K10615).

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Tsuyoshi Okuhara: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Funding acquisition. Hiroko Okada: Methodology, Investigation, Writing - review & editing. Takahiro Kiuchi: Supervision, Writing - review & editing.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement

We thank Hugh McGonigle, from Edanz Group ( https://en-author-services.edanzgroup.com/ac ), for editing a draft of the manuscript.

Appendix A. 

Intervention: the message from a governor.

The following is a message from the governor of your local area.

Please avoid leaving your house as much as possible.

Staying at home can save lives and prevent the spread of infection.

Intervention: The message from an expert

The following is a message from an infectious disease control expert.

Intervention: The message from a physician

The following is a message from an emergency medical care doctor.

Intervention: The message from a patient

The following is a message from a patient who is infected with the novel coronavirus.

Intervention: The message from a resident

The following is a message from an individual who lives in an area where an outbreak of novel coronavirus has occurred.

A control message

According to the traditional definition, grinding one’s teeth is when somebody makes a sound by strongly grinding the teeth together, usually unconsciously or while asleep. Nowadays, it is often referred to as ‘teeth grinding,’ a term which also covers various actions that we do while awake.

Whether you are sleeping or awake, the non-functional biting habit of grinding one’s teeth dynamically or statically, or clenching one’s teeth, can also be referred to as bruxism (sleep bruxism if it occurs at night). Bruxism can be categorized into the movements of: sliding the upper and lower teeth together like mortar and pestle (grinding); firmly and statically engaging the upper and lower teeth (clenching); and dynamically bringing the upper and lower teeth together with a tap (tapping).

Bruxism is difficult to diagnose, as it often has no noticeable symptoms. Stress and dentition are thought to be causes of bruxism, but it is currently unclear and future research is anticipated.

Splint therapy, which involves the use of a mouthpiece as an artificial plastic covering on one’s teeth, and cognitive behavioral therapy are being researched as treatments for bruxism.

Appendix B. 

All questions above were on a scale of 1–6, ranging from “extremely unlikely” to “unlikely,” “a little unlikely,” “a little likely,” “likely,” and “extremely likely.”

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WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the Vaccines and Global Health Symposium – 23 February 2021

Covid-19 vaccine development, strategy and implementation.

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The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Ave NW Washington, DC 20500

Remarks by President   Biden on the COVID- ⁠ 19 Response and Vaccination   Program

South Court Auditorium Eisenhower Executive Office Building

12:54 P.M. EDT

THE PRESIDENT: Good afternoon. I’ve just been briefed by my COVID-19 team on the progress we’re making in our fight against the virus.   Today, I want to provide a brief update on my plan that I announced in early September to accelerate the path out of the pandemic.   It’s working. We’re making progress.   Nationally, daily cases are down 47 percent; hospitalizations are down 38 percent over the past six weeks.   Over the past two weeks, most of the country has improved as well. Case rates are declining in 39 states and hospital rates are declining in 38 states.   We’re down to 66 million — it’s still an unacceptably high number — of unvaccinated people from almost 100 million in July.   That’s important. It’s important progress. But it’s not — now is not the time to let up. We have a lot more to do. We’re in a very critical period as we work to turn the corner on COVID-19.   First, we have to do more to vaccinate the 66 million unvaccinated people in America. It’s essential. The vaccine requirements that we started rolling out in the summer are working. They’re working.   The Labor Department is going to soon be issuing an emergency rule for companies with 100 or more employees to implement vaccination requirements in their — among their workforce.   Every day, we see more businesses implementing vaccination requirements, and the mounting data that shows they work.   Businesses and organizations that are implementing requirements are seeing their vaccination rates rise by an average of 20 percent or more to well over 90 percent — the number of employees vaccinated.   Let’s be clear: Vaccination requirements should not be another issue that divides us. That’s why we continue to battle the misinformation that’s out there, and companies and communities are setting up their — stepping up as well to combat these — the misinformation.   Southwest Airlines at — the head of the pilot — the head of the pilot’s union and its CEO dismissed critics who claim vaccination mandates contributed to flight disruptions. School board members, religious leaders, and doctors across the country are fighting misinformation and educating people about the importance of vaccines.   All of these efforts are going to help us continue moving the dial to eliminate this disease.   Second, we’re going to continue protecting the vaccinated.   This work — this week, the Food and Drug Administration and — the FDA is reviewing the data on Moderna and Johnson & Johnson boosters. We expect a final decision from the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -– the CDC –- in the next couple of weeks.   If they authorize the boosters, which will be strictly made based on the science — that decision will be based on the science — this will mean all three vaccines will be available for boosters.   Already, more than 1 out of 3 eligible seniors have gotten their third shot — the booster. And we’re going to continue to provide that additional protection to seniors and others as we — as we head into the holidays. 

These boosters are free. I’ll say it again: They’re free, available, and convenient to get.   Third point I’d like to make: We need to continue to keep our schools and our students safe. Ninety-six percent of school districts are fully open with children back in the classroom and — for in-person learning.   We have been able to do this because we’ve provided our schools the resources they need to protect children and the educators, as well as the staff that works in the schools.   We’ve been encouraging schools to implement important health measures like masking, testing, and getting everyone vaccinated who is eligible to be vaccinated.   Now, I know parents out there are anxiously waiting for a vaccine for children ages 5 to 11. The good news is the FDA and outside experts from the CDC are set to make its determination as to whether the vaccine will be authorized for that age range in the next few weeks.   If authorized, we are ready. We have purchased enough vaccines for all children between the ages of 5 and 11 in the United States. It will be — it will be convenient for parents to get their children vaccinated at trusted locations, and families will be able to sleep easier at night knowing their kids are protected as well.   Let me close with this: The plan I laid out in September is working. We’re headed in the right direction. We have critical work to do, but we can’t let up now.   My team and I are doing everything we can. But I’m calling on more businesses to step up. I’m calling on more parents to get their children vaccinated when they are eligible. And I’m asking everyone — everyone who hasn’t gotten vaccinated: Please get vaccinated.   That’s how we put this pandemic behind us and accelerate our economic recovery. We can do this.   I’ve said many times: God bless you all, and may God protect our troops.   Thank you very much.   1:00 P.M. EDT

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50 Persuasive Speech Topics for High School Students

September 9, 2024

Throughout high school, students will be asked to write about topics and make compelling arguments for certain positions. These persuasive speeches and other writing assignments train a student's communication skills. Creating a compelling, persuasive speech is a powerful skill that will help students in all aspects of their careers, not just in writing courses. The ability to write persuasively will especially have a huge effect on your admissions results when writing your personal statements and essays for college. 

With a powerful speech, students can express their opinions, influence others, and develop critical communication skills for school and the workplace. Choosing the right topic for a speech is often as important as how well it's written. To help you find the right topics for your audience, here are 50 persuasive speech topics you can use to help you get started with your writing. 

Want an expert's opinion on your college applications? Book a free strategy call and begin your admissions journey today! 

What Makes a Good Persuasive Speech Topic?

Compelling persuasive speech topics are relatable, debatable, and relevant. Students should investigate a topic they're passionate about and will intrigue an audience. Don't just take an easy position everyone can agree with—audiences are interested in ideas they may have never heard before, expressed enthusiastically by a passionate speaker. 

When ideating a topic, find something with clear, opposing viewpoints. Research the available arguments and present your speech in a way that promotes a meaningful discussion. For example, topics regarding the use of social media, the right to freedom of speech, and the Supreme Court are general and can engage a wide audience. 

Topics that everyone agrees with, have no opposing viewpoints, and require no research will not make for interesting speeches. Choose a topic that will challenge you and your audience, but avoid being offensive or controversial for its own sake. A topic you're genuinely interested in—like renewable energy for engineering students or social media platforms for communications students will make writing a compelling speech much more natural. With additional research and effective writing techniques, you can craft a speech to captivate an audience. 

How to Choose the Right Persuasive Speech Topic for Your Audience

Choosing the right topic starts with knowing your target audience. While ideating, consider:

• Who are you targeting? 
• What do you want to convince them? 
• What counter-arguments may they have? 

Think about those who would agree with you, be on the fence with you, and who would directly oppose your viewpoint. Writing persuasively is not just about presenting facts and hoping others agree. It's about making an emotional connection with your audience and using that impression to shift their thinking. 

Once you've given careful thought to those you'd be presenting to, brainstorm persuasive speech topic ideas that may resonate with them. Make a list of potential ideas and interrogate their merit. Consider current events, personal experiences, and issues others may relate to. Then, narrow down your list to the persuasive topics you would be most interested in—as an audience member and a researcher. 

Once you've landed on a few interesting topics, don't rest on them. Ask for feedback and get insights from family, friends, and teachers. Outside perspectives are important; others may have experiences that could provide you with valuable knowledge to use when refining your topic. 

50 Persuasive Speech Topic Ideas

School topics.

• The Benefits and Drawbacks of Mandatory School Uniforms
• How Effective is the School Grading System?
• How Students can Shape their Curriculum
• Is Homework Beneficial or Harmful?
• How Would Schools Handle a Four-Day Week?

Art and Humanities Topics

• Art or Vandalism: The History of Graffiti
• Art vs STEM: What Should Schools Prioritize?
• AI-Generated Media: How Do Humans Value Art?
• The Correlation Between Art and Mental Health
• Are Video Games the Ultimate Artform?

Social Issues Topics

• The Right to Protest: Traditional Movements vs Digital Activism
• Why do Wealthy Countries have Declining Birth Rates?
• Should For-Profit Prisons be Permanently Abolished?
• Is Healthcare a Human Right?

Environmental Issues

• Why Corporations Need Stricter Plastics Regulation
• Environmental Ethics: Human Development vs Species Preservation
• The Benefits and Drawbacks of Fully Electric Vehicles
• History of Geo-Engineering: Can Society Reverse Climate Change?
• What is Dark Oxygen? The Effect of Deep Sea Mining

Technology and Media Topics

• Should the Government Regulate the Coming AI revolution?
• Where Does Online Misinformation Come From?
• Why Does Social Media Affect Self-Image?
• The Right to Privacy: How Online anonymity affects people's behavior
• Why All Messaging Apps Should Have End-to-End Encryption
• Should Artificial Intelligence be Used in Creative Works?
• Should Social Media Platforms be Accountable for their Users?

Politics and Government

• Should Voting be Compulsory?
• How Public and Private Funding Affect Political Campaigns
• What is gerrymandering? 
• Why Do Some Countries Have Mandatory Military Service?
• The benefits and drawbacks of term limits for elected officials

Sports Topics

• Should esports be officially recognized as part of the Olympic Games?
• MMA and Boxing: The Ethics of Broadcasting Violence
• Has Football Become More Dangerous?
• Should Men and Women compete in the same Leagues? 
• Restrictor Plates: Why Did NASCAR Make Racing Slower?

Economy and Finance

• Should Cryptocurrency be Regulated?
• Does a minimum wage help or hurt the economy?
• Employees vs contractors: How freelance work Affects commerce
• Is Universal Basic Income a Viable Option?
• When should the Government regulate the Market?

STEM Topics

• What are the Benefits of Mars Colonization?
• City Planning: How US Infrastructure Affects the Environment
• Why Nuclear Energy is the Cleanest, Safest, and Cheapest Option
• Why the US Hasn't Returned to the Moon Yet
• Where will Technological Implants take Human Evolution?

Culture and Entertainment Industry Topics

• How Binge-Culture Has Affected Our Attention Spans
• How Streaming Services Caused the 2023 Writers Strike
• Why are actors paid so highly? Hollywood's income inequality
• Should IP Copyright be abolished? 

Enhance Your Academic Profile With InGenius Prep

Crafting a persuasive speech isn’t just about presenting facts—it’s about connecting with your audience, understanding their perspectives, and sparking meaningful conversations. These skills are especially important in the college admissions process, where every aspect of your college application is trying to convince an Admissions Officer you're worthy of acceptance. 

For more on college applications, InGenius Prep's counseling services are designed to guide high school students through every step of the admissions process. With a focus on story-telling, candidacy building, and highlighting the most impactful aspect of your student profile, we’ll help you capture the attention of your admissions officers. 

Ready to take the next step? Book a free strategy call with an advisor today to start your admissions journey.

Tags : Writing , application counseling , English , candidacy-building

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Persuasive Speech On Vaccination

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Persuasive Speech On Flu Shot

Are you scared of needles? Have you ever tried to convince your mom not to make you get a flu shot? I’m here to answer all your questions on why or why not you should get a flu shot. Most kids would like to believe that flu shots are bad for you, or that flu shots will lead you to get the flu. Although you might think it has happened to you, the truth is that flu shots do not cause you to get the flu.

Persuasive Speech: Everyone Should Get A Flu Shot

Persuasive Presentation Outline Narrowed Topic: Why you should get a flu shot Purpose Statement: To persuade my audience on why everyone should get a flu vaccine. Persuasive Organizational Pattern: Central Idea: There are many different reason why people do not get flu shots, but also many effective reasons why they should, and there are also many easy ways you can get one. I. E. There are many different reasons why people do not get flu shots, but also many effective reasons why they should, and there are also many easy ways you can get one.

Why We Should Not Vaccinate Children

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Immunizations can save a child’s life; due to the medical advances that have taken place, kids are now protected from many illness/ diseases. At one point in time, Polio was a horrible illness that is now preventable by simply receiving a shot (USDHHS, n.d.). Immunizations protect not only the individual receiving the vaccination, but others as well. Certain individuals are not suitable for specific vaccinations, therefore, if everyone else has the vaccination, the people who cannot are more likely to be safe from the illness (USDHHS, n.d). Generally, immunizations are safe, effective, cheaper in the long run, and can save families time.

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Since infants and young children are very vulnerable and lack independence, healthy physical development is dependent on protecting them from outside harms. Vaccines protect not just the child being vaccinated but also other children who may not be vaccinated. Some children cannot receive vaccines due to health conditions, such as child with allergies or a deficient immune system. These children are at risk for catching devastating illnesses when they come in contact with unvaccinated children. When parents have their children vaccinated it is good for the health of both the vaccinated children and other children in the

Smallpox Vaccine

Vaccines have reduced and in some cases eliminated many diseases that killed or severely disabled people just a few generations ago. Children are no longer required to receive the smallpox shot because the disease itself no longer exists. Another reason to use vaccinations is for the safety of those around you. Vaccines and immunization do have many benefits. Though Americans have the tendency to just get them because they have to rather than them needing them.

Mandatory Vaccination Research

Due to some diseases that have taken thousands of children's lives, vaccines have eliminated diseases completely and others are close to being extinct too. In the article, “Five Important Reasons to Vaccinate Your Child,” the Department of Health and Human Services takes a firm stand on the importance of getting a child vaccinated and how it can potentially save the lives of thousands of children in the United States. The Department of Health and Human Services believes that vaccines will save children’s lives. The article states, while some people choose not to vaccinate their children because of possible side effects that are associated with them or the harmful ingredients that are in the vaccine, that is minor compared to the actual disease they are protecting against. The Department of Health and Human Services argues that vaccines are safe and effective.

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I think getting vaccinated would help many people in so many ways. I heard many arguments about vaccines and most of them are positive arguments. If I were to become a parent, I would definitely have my kid get vaccinated because I want my kid to be healthy and free from any illnesses that could come. This is my reason and belief of why people should get vaccinated. Although I believe children should get vaccinated, many believe that they should not.

Anti Vaccination Argumentative Essay

Many people may think that vaccination is a bad thing, that instead of preventing it causes illness, that is not natural. Natural or not, there are many reasons as to why we should vaccinate us and the younger generation. Most of the time children don’t like vaccination because it hurt, but is the responsibility of a parent to seek the wellbeing of his or her child. Vaccination it’s a preventive measure of various diseases. Unfortunately, things like the anti-vaccination movement, the misinformation on the Internet, and the believe that vaccination causes more damage than is worth, have led our society to think that it’s right not to vaccinate.

Why Vaccinations Should Be Mandatory Essay

First, I am going to talk about the reasons that vaccinations in America should be required. The vaccinations are not just for the individual themselves. They are for the entire community because it prevents a mass disease to spread throughout the house, community, country, or even world. If you get a vaccination, there is less of a chance to spreading it onto other people.

Getting Vaccinated Essay

It is important for all people to be vaccinated to protect themselves from contracting communicable diseases, from spreading these diseases, and from the high cost of treating these preventable diseases. It would make sense to do so. No one wants to contract diseases, or be laid up if they can prevent it. Getting vaccinated will prevent anyone from spreading contracted diseases to others. It can also be very costly when trying to treating a communicable disease that could have been prevented with a vaccine.

Child Vaccination Essay

Vaccinations can help prevent future diseases or viruses in the upcoming life of a child. According to an article from vaccines.gov, “Because of advances in medical science, your child can be protected against more diseases than ever before. Some diseases that once injured or killed thousands of children, have been eliminated completely and others are close to extinction- primarily due to stay safe and effective vaccinations.” Throughout the years more viruses have been prevented due to vaccinations in children. There has also been an increase in the amount of children that get vaccinations at a young age.

More about Persuasive Speech On Vaccination

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Govt takes action on mpox response, widens access to vaccine

The Government is taking immediate action on a number of steps around New Zealand’s response to mpox, including improving access to vaccine availability so people who need it can do so more easily, Health Minister Dr Shane Reti and Associate Health Minister David Seymour announced today.

“Mpox is obviously a global public health concern at present, and while the overall risk in New Zealand remains low, it’s important our country is responding appropriately and has monitoring and resourcing in place,” Dr Reti says.

“Today, we’re announcing that the mpox vaccine Jynneos has been given provisional approval by Medsafe.

“Jynneos has been used in New Zealand since 2023 to prevent mpox for those at greatest risk, under a specific provision in the Medicines Act.”

“Medsafe’s provisional approval will mean it will provide greater access opportunities for those who need it,” says Mr Seymour.

“This decision means New Zealand joins countries which have approved the use of the vaccine. In Australia the use of the vaccine has been allowed under an exemption provision in their medicine regulatory legislation.

“Medsafe says the provisional approval, based on the information provided by Health New Zealand, means the vaccine meets acceptable standards for efficacy, quality and safety when used for groups at risk of mpox.”

“Medsafe and Health New Zealand have been working closely on the vaccine approval process.  Health New Zealand has acted as an intermediary for the company to get this over the line,” says Dr Reti.

>“I am informed we now have two confirmed cases of mpox with likely links to the Winter Pride Festival. Investigations are continuing which may result in other cases – but the overall risk of mpox to New Zealand remains low.

>“Health NZ is reporting to me daily, and an Incident Management Team has been stood up at national level to coordinate the public health response. Management and support of cases, treatment and other operational activities continues to be managed at regional level.

>“I am informed by health officials that the focus of the response at this stage is on minimising the spread of mpox through preventative treatment measures and proactive communications.

“Agencies are also encouraging people to seek the support of sexual health clinics and healthcare professionals, and to refrain from sexual activity if they have symptoms.

“I’m pleased our health agencies are working together to respond appropriately to mpox,” Dr Reti says.

An important next step is for the National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group to promptly review which groups are at greatest risk and most likely to benefit from the vaccine now that the provisional approval is in place.

Vaccination Persuasive Speech

As a young child, my parents made sure that their child receives all the immunizations that they need to help their immune system fight off diseases. Unfortunately, many people are not getting vaccinated to prevent themselves from getting diseases. This is not just affecting adults, but also young kids who are getting sick easily. Vaccinations outweigh the future risk of diseases that they are created to prevent, so for the safety of the citizens, they should be mandatory. Some history on vaccinations is Buddhist monks drank snake venom and smeared the skin to immune smallpox. Edward Jenner is the founder of vaccinations in the West in 1796 because a thirteen year old boy had the smallpox virus . The first vaccine was created in 1798, which was the smallpox and nowadays it is called the chickenpox virus. Louis Pasteur. Louis Pasteur created the Cholera and the Anthrax vaccine in 1897 …show more content…

When someone has pneumonia it is a greenish or yellowish mucus coming out of their mouth or out of their nose. While having this infections, some will get fevers, chills, difficulty breathing, headaches, and fatigue. Many different germs from this infection and it depends how severe the infections is, which it can last up to one to three weeks. In order to not have a painful infection then getting vaccinations are great because the can fight off the virus. The tetanus is a bacterial infection that may cause muscle pain. This infection can lead to death if the person has not got their vaccination . The tetanus gets into the when the skin has a cut or an open wound. Most people who do not have the tetanus vaccine may experience bloody stools, diarrhea, a fever, a headache, a sore throat, start sweating, and the heartbeat can increase. This infection can last up to seven days or even months depending on the situation. People who have a short incubation can experience severe symptoms to this

Why Should Vaccines Be Required By Law

Vaccines should be required by law so that we can protect ourselves by building our immunity to preventable illnesses, in an easy, quick, and inexpensive fashion, helping stop major epidemics, and in conclusion, save lives.

Why Vaccinations Should Be Mandatory

Roughly over the last sixteen years, many parents have chosen to not vaccinate their children, putting other children at risk. This has been a huge debate across our country for many years now. Vaccinations should be mandatory and children should be completely up to date with all vaccinations before being allowed to attend school.

Anti Vaccination Persuasive Speech

Well you probably will most likely clean your cuts and scrapes with cool water. Then, you will use a soft washcloth to clean the surrounding skin around the wounds. Lastly, you will put a bandage or two on the wounds to prevent an infection.

The United States Should Be Vaccinated Against Disease

I believe that all children in the United States should be vaccinated against disease. There is a large argument in today society involving childhood vaccinations. The argument is whether children should be forced to have mandatory vaccines, or if parents should be allowed to refuse these vaccines. One of the main reasons that parents are skeptical of vaccines, is because there have been more recorded cases of children experiencing serious side effects after receiving the vaccines. Now with more and more cases of vaccinated diseases popping up all over the country, the issue is becoming serious. According to the CDC, more than 20 percent of children in America are not vaccinated against disease. This poses a serious issue for the

Mandatory Vaccinations Research Paper

Parents these days have been deciding that their child shouldn't get their vaccinations, do to being expensive. Many kids around the U.S. haven't been vaccinated and started to get diseases, do to parents being afraid of vaccinations. Should children get mandatory vaccinations? I clearly say yes, do too all of these reasons.

Should The Government Mandate Vaccines?

The question is, should the government mandate vaccines? Those in favor of child vaccinations, believe that they are the greatest health developments of the 20th century. While those against them believe that a child’s immune system permits either a natural or acquired resistance to diseases than putting questionable toxic ingredients into a child’s body. In the US, 50 states require vaccinations for children entering public schools, though no mandatory federal vaccination laws exist. 50 states issue medical exemptions only (1), 48 states (excluding Mississippi and West Virginia) permit religious exemptions, and 31 states exclude Philosophical exemptions. (2)

Do you believe in vaccination? When was the last time you were vaccinated? I think all people should be vaccinated. Vaccines are very effective and safe. Vaccinations protects people you care about, including family members, friends, and grandparents. If children are too young to be vaccinated or to people with weakened immune cells, such as transplant recipients and people with cancer. Long-term complications and even death can occur for these vulnerable people if they are exposed to they diseases.

Persuasive Essay On Vaccinating Children

Having it be mandatory for children to get vaccinations is critical for the health and safety of themselves and others around them. Vaccines protect the herd. Herd immunity is where only a percentage of people get vaccinated to protect them and others around them. When a population gets vaccinated for any contagious disease, it is

Cost Of Vaccination Research Paper

Some may argue that vaccines are unsafe and unnatural, but vaccinations are vital in keeping our country a safe and healthy place to live. Although all parents are worried about the safety and well-being of their children, parents need to vaccinate their children, for their children’s and our country’s safety. If vaccinations become mandatory it could save lives. Mandatory vaccinations will save the lives of the people who are medically ineligible to receive all vaccines and protect our future generations from having to fight off deadly diseases. All citizens of the United States need to come together for the greater good of our country and vaccinate all eligible

Vaccinations Be Mandatory

Vaccinations should not be mandatory because there are numerous health benefits to not being vaccinated, there are benefits of being sick, and having the choice to be vaccinated should be a right.

Persuasive Speech On Mandatory Vaccinations For Children

Mandatory Vaccinations for Children This speech was delivered by U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services, Sylvia Mathews Burwell, to Congress on December 4, 2015. She persuades the federal government to pass a bill of mandatory vaccinations for children. Introduction I want to thank everyone joining me today in this congressional hearing.

Chickenpox Vaccine Persuasive Speech

At an early age, parents are required to take their children to get their vaccinations. It’s almost too soon when babies arrive to this world, and parents are asked to give them vaccines. For some parents vaccinations may seem overwhelming, and has them asking themselves a variety of unanswered questions.

During this time and period, vaccination has become an emotionally charged health issue among many families. Anti-vaccination groups believe that vaccines cause birth-defects and autism in young children, and many families are scared to get their children vaccinated. Studies have shown to disprove these side-effects to vaccination, however, parents are still not convinced and refuse to get their children vaccinated. Therefore, the Center for Disease Control organized an advertisement campaign to promote positive messages such as "Spread music. Not Flu.", "Shots aren't just for kids.", and "The FLU ends with U" to encourage vaccination.

Why Vaccination Should Be Mandatory

Many people think that vaccination for children is not important. It causes pain, but it is not true that it makes baby healthy. Some parents think that it is not necessary but they are wrong and they take a very big risk for their child. There are more benefits than harm by getting vaccines. Therefore, vaccines should be mandatory for children.

Persuasive Speech On Vaccinations

Throughout history, the introduction of vaccinations in societies around the world have significantly reduced the threat of deadly viruses. Despite the many benefits of immunizations, some parents refuse to vaccinate their children due to the health risks associated with them. In order to increase vaccination rates, healthcare officials have implemented immunization mandates and extreme educational sessions that exemplify the dangers of preventable viruses. However, these impositions ultimately have adverse effects; many parents turn to anti-vaccination protests and remain determined on not permitting immunizations. Vaccination requirements and severe informational meetings are forms of coercion and force, which limits parents’ freedom to

Related Topics

• Vaccination
• Immune system
• Infectious disease