important essay for judicial exam

100 Most Important Essay Topics for Judiciary Exams: A Comprehensive List

If you’re preparing for a judiciary exam, one of the most important skills you’ll need to master is essay writing. Essays are a crucial part of many judiciary exams, and they require careful planning, research, and writing skills. But with so many possible essay topics to choose from, how do you know which ones to focus on?

That’s where this article comes in. We’ve compiled a list of the 100 most important essay topics for judiciary exams, based on our extensive research and experience.

Whether you’re studying for a state-level judiciary exam or a national one, this list will help you identify the key topics you need to know in order to succeed.

So why are these topics so important? For one thing, they cover a wide range of legal issues that are likely to come up on your exam. From constitutional law to criminal procedure to civil rights, these topics are all essential for any aspiring lawyer or judge to understand. And by mastering them, you’ll be better equipped to analyze complex legal problems and make sound judgments based on the law.

Page Contents

• 1 Understanding the Judiciary Exam
• 2 List of 100 Important Topics
• 3.1 Developing Writing Skills
• 3.2 Importance of Grammar and Style
• 3.3 Organizing Body Paragraphs
• 3.4 Current Legal Issues and Social Justice
• 4.1 Constitution of India and Legal Concepts
• 5.1 Selecting the Right Approach
• 5.2 Utilizing Books and Newspapers
• 5.3 Online Resources and Social Media
• 6 Important Legal and Social Topics
• 7 Contemporary and Emerging Issues
• 8 Ethical and Moral Debates
• 9 Conclusion

Understanding the Judiciary Exam

If you are planning to take the Judiciary Exam, it is important to understand its structure and requirements. The Judiciary Exam is a competitive exam that assesses the knowledge and skills of candidates who aspire to become judges or magistrates.

It is a multi-stage exam that consists of a Preliminary Exam, a Main Exam, and an Interview.

To prepare for the Judiciary Exam, candidates need to have a thorough understanding of the Indian legal system, including the Constitution, the Indian Penal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code, the Civil Procedure Code, and other relevant laws.

Candidates should also have a good understanding of legal reasoning, logical reasoning, and general awareness.

Essay writing is an important component of the Judiciary Exam, as it helps to add good score to Judiciary Mains exam. It is important to understand the format and requirements of the essay section.

Candidates are usually asked to write essays on legal topics, social issues, and current affairs. The essays are evaluated based on the candidate’s ability to present a clear and concise argument, use relevant examples, and demonstrate a good understanding of the topic.

To prepare for the essay section of the Judiciary Exam, candidates should read widely on legal and social issues, and practice writing essays. It is important to develop good writing skills, such as clear and concise writing, good grammar, and proper citation of sources.

Upcoming Judiciary Exams are a great opportunity for candidates who aspire to become judges or magistrates. With proper preparation and dedication, candidates can succeed in the Judiciary Exam and achieve their career goals.

List of 100 Important Topics

Preparing for Judiciary exams can be a daunting task, especially when it comes to essay writing. To help you out, we have compiled a list of 100 important essay topics for Judiciary exams.

These topics cover a wide range of subjects, including legal history, current events, and legal theory.

• Right to privacy
• From job search to job creation: the shift in young Indian’s preferences
• Reservations and Human Development in India
• India & China: from rivalry to enmity
• How the internet changed the way we live
• Cybernation: a threat or a boon to employment?
• Be the change you want to see in others
• Justice delayed is justice denied
• Violence against women
• Digitalisation of education
• Right to digital education
• Judiciary and its working
• Water disputes between States
• Agricultural schemes and farmer suicide
• The importance of higher education
• Skilling the youth of India
• Environment vs Growth
• India’s Role in changing global world order
• Universal Basic Income vs Subsidy
• Contempt of court
• Labourer’s/daily wage workers’ rights
• Restriction of rights of citizens during pandemic/lockdown
• Role of social media in the Pandemic
• Growing unemployment
• Medical infrastructure of the country
• Participation of the Judiciary in Politics
• Freedom of speech and expression
• Sustainable environment
• Growing intolerance
• Social and legal ramifications of CAA/UAPA
• Right to protest
• Atmanirbhar Bharat
• Problem of malnutrition
• Debate on nationalism
• Pollution crises
• Article 370
• Labour Reform
• White collar crime
• Women Empowerment
• Triple Talaq
• Cyberbullying
• Global Warming
• Right to Education
• Gender disparity in the social sector
• Protection of Child Rights in India
• Social Justice in Indian Democracy
• Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR)
• Right to Constitutional Remedy
• Importance of Uniform Civil Code in India
• Role of Media in protecting democratic values in India
• Protection of human rights; Indian scenario
• How gender inequality affects the progress of our country
• The education system in India
• Causes and Consequences of Corruption in India
• The Practice of Child Labour In India
• The right to privacy is a fundamental right in India
• Barriers to Access to Justice in India
• The law relating to contempt of courts in India
• Review of administrative law in India
• Alternative dispute resolution in India
• Emergency provisions of the Constitution of India
• Role and importance of the judiciary in a democracy
• Judicial independence and its significance
• Separation of powers: Judicial, Executive, and Legislative
• Constitutional interpretation: Originalism vs. Living Constitution
• Judicial review and its importance in constitutional law
• Fundamental Rights and their enforceability
• Public Interest Litigation (PIL) and access to justice
• Judicial ethics and code of conduct
• Challenges in court administration and case management
• Judicial reforms for expeditious disposal of cases
• Role of judiciary in protecting human rights
• Gender justice and women’s rights: Judicial perspective
• Cyber law and judicial response to cybercrimes
• Capital punishment: Legal and ethical dimensions
• Judicial process in criminal trials
• Juvenile justice system: Rehabilitation vs. punishme
• Freedom of speech and expression: Balancing rights and restrictions
• Right to privacy and surveillance laws
• The impact of technology on the legal profession
• Legal education in India: Challenges and opportunities
• Legal challenges in the era of cryptocurrencies
• Privacy concerns with AI
• The future of international law in global governance
• Climate change and environmental justice
• The role of the judiciary in combating terrorism
• Corporate social responsibility
• The impact of social media on privacy laws
• Domestic violence: Legal remedies and challenges
• Legal measures to combat racial discrimination
• Patent law and innovation
• The legality of euthanasia and assisted suicide
• Sports law and athlete rights
• Hate Speech
• Medical Infrastructure in India
• Protection of Human Rights
• Women centric laws
• Pollution (How to curb?)
• Right to fair trial

Here are some additional topics:

In addition to the topics listed above, here are a few more examples of essay topics that may appear on Judiciary exams:

• The role of the judiciary in protecting civil liberties
• The impact of technology on the legal system
• The history and impact of the Miranda warning
• The legal implications of social media
• The role of the Supreme Court in interpreting the Constitution

Remember, the key to success on Judiciary exams is to be well-prepared. By studying and practicing writing essays on a variety of topics, you can increase your chances of success.

Mastering Essay Writing

As a judiciary exam candidate, mastering essay writing is crucial to your success. Your ability to write clear, concise, and well-organized essays is essential for demonstrating your writing skills, language proficiency, and writing abilities.

Here are some tips to help you develop your writing skills and improve your essay writing.

Developing Writing Skills

Writing is a skill that can be developed with practice. To improve your writing skills, you should read widely and regularly, paying attention to the structure, style, and grammar of the writing. You should also practice writing regularly, starting with short essays and gradually increasing the length and complexity of your writing.

Importance of Grammar and Style

Grammar and style are essential components of good writing. You should aim to use correct grammar and punctuation, and develop your own writing style that is clear, concise, and easy to follow. You should also pay attention to the tone and voice of your writing, and use language that is appropriate for the audience and purpose of your essay.

Organizing Body Paragraphs

The body paragraphs of your essay should be well-organized and focused on a single idea or argument. You should use topic sentences to introduce each paragraph, and provide evidence and examples to support your argument.

You should also use transitions to connect your ideas and ensure that your essay flows smoothly.

Current Legal Issues and Social Justice

Judiciary exams often include essay questions related to current legal issues and social justice. To prepare for these questions, you should stay up-to-date on current events and legal developments, and be familiar with the major issues and debates in the field.

You should also develop your own perspective on these issues, and be able to articulate your position in a clear and persuasive manner.

By following these tips, you can improve your essay writing skills and increase your chances of success on judiciary exams. Remember to practice regularly, pay attention to grammar and style, organize your body paragraphs effectively, and stay informed about current legal issues and social justice.

Legal Knowledge and Current Issues

Constitution of india and legal concepts.

As a Judiciary Exam candidate, you must have a thorough understanding of the Constitution of India and various legal concepts. You should be familiar with the fundamental rights and duties of Indian citizens, the powers and functions of the judiciary, and the legislative and executive branches of the government.

Additionally, you should be well-versed in legal concepts such as torts, contracts, property law, and criminal law. Make sure to study landmark cases in these areas to gain a deeper understanding of legal principles.

It is also important to stay up-to-date with current legal issues and developments. Keep yourself informed about recent court decisions, amendments to laws, and emerging legal trends. This will not only help you in the exam but also in your future career as a legal professional.

Furthermore, social justice, international law, and human rights are also crucial topics that you should have knowledge about.

A strong grasp of legal knowledge and current issues is essential for success in Judiciary Exams. Stay informed, keep studying, and approach the exam with confidence.

Preparation and Resources

Preparing for judiciary exams requires a lot of effort and dedication. You need to have a clear understanding of the exam pattern, syllabus, and the type of questions that are asked. In this section, we will discuss some of the important resources that you can use to prepare for the exam.

Selecting the Right Approach

The first step towards preparing for the judiciary exam is to select the right approach. You need to have a clear understanding of your strengths and weaknesses and devise a plan accordingly.

Utilizing Books and Newspapers

Books are an important resource for preparing for the judiciary exam. There are many books available in the market that cover the syllabus comprehensively.

You can also refer to newspapers to keep yourself updated with the latest news and current affairs. Reading newspapers regularly will help you improve your reading speed and comprehension skills.

Online Resources and Social Media

In today’s digital age, online resources and social media can be a great help in preparing for the judiciary exam. There are many websites and apps that provide study material, mock tests, and previous year question papers.

Preparing for the judiciary exam requires a multi-pronged approach. You need to select the right resources and devise a plan that suits you the best. With dedication and hard work, you can crack the exam and achieve your dream of becoming a judge.

Important Legal and Social Topics

As you prepare for your Judiciary exams, it is important to familiarize yourself with the legal and social topics that may be covered.

• Judicial Activism: This refers to the tendency of judges to interpret the law in a way that advances their own policy preferences. It can be controversial, as some argue that judges should stick to the letter of the law.
• Right to Privacy: This is a fundamental right that is protected by the Constitution. It includes the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures, as well as the right to control your own personal information.
• Data Privacy: As more and more of our lives are lived online, the issue of data privacy has become increasingly important. It involves questions about who has access to our personal information, and how it can be used.
• Free Speech Limits: While free speech is protected by the First Amendment, there are limits to what you can say. For example, you cannot yell “fire” in a crowded theater, as it poses a danger to others.
• Hate Speech: This is speech that is intended to degrade, intimidate, or dehumanize a particular group of people. While it is protected by the First Amendment, it can also be regulated in certain circumstances.
• Judicial Activism and Overreach: While judicial activism can be beneficial in some cases, it can also lead to judges overstepping their bounds and making decisions that are better left to the legislative or executive branches.
• Data Privacy and Protection: This topic involves questions about how our personal information is collected, stored, and used by companies and governments. It is becoming increasingly important as technology advances.
• Hate Speech/Free Speech Limits: While hate speech is protected by the First Amendment, there are limits to what you can say. For example, you cannot incite violence or make threats against others.
• Civil Rights: This topic covers a wide range of issues, including discrimination based on race, gender, sexual orientation, and other factors. It is an important area of law that has seen significant progress in recent years.
• Criminal Justice Reform: This topic involves questions about how our criminal justice system can be improved to ensure fairness and justice for all. It includes issues such as police brutality, mass incarceration, and the death penalty.

By familiarizing yourself with these important legal and social topics, you will be better prepared to tackle the essay questions on your Judiciary exams.

Remember to stay neutral and clear in your writing, and to support your arguments with evidence and examples.

Contemporary and Emerging Issues

As a Judiciary Exam candidate, it is essential to keep yourself updated with the latest contemporary and emerging issues. This will help you to understand the current scenario and how the law is adapting to these changes.

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its impact on the legal system.
• Cybercrimes and the need for stronger laws to combat them.
• Global warming and its legal implications.
• The rise of cryptocurrency and the challenges it poses to the traditional banking system.
• The RBI’s regulation of cryptocurrency and its impact on the Indian economy.
• The shift towards a cashless economy and its legal implications.
• The impact of social media on the legal system.
• The need for stronger data protection laws in the wake of increasing data breaches.
• The legal implications of autonomous vehicles.
• The legal challenges posed by emerging technologies like blockchain and quantum computing.

It is important to note that these topics are constantly evolving, and it is essential to keep yourself updated with any new developments.

By staying informed and knowledgeable about these contemporary and emerging issues, you will be better equipped to tackle any questions that may arise in your Judiciary Exams.

Ethical and Moral Debates

When it comes to the Judiciary exams, ethical and moral debates are an important topic to cover. These debates often involve controversial issues that require a deep understanding of the law and a strong sense of ethics. Here are some of the most important ethical and moral debates that you should be familiar with:

• Capital punishment: This is a highly debated issue that involves the use of the death penalty as a form of punishment. Some argue that it is necessary for the most heinous crimes, while others believe that it is cruel and inhumane.
• Punishment: The concept of punishment is at the heart of the criminal justice system. It is important to understand the different forms of punishment, such as fines, community service, and imprisonment, and when they are appropriate.
• Euthanasia: This is the act of intentionally ending a person’s life to relieve their suffering. It is a controversial issue that raises questions about the right to die, medical ethics, and the role of the state in end-of-life decisions.
• Marital rape: This is a form of sexual assault that occurs within a marriage. It is a complex issue that involves questions of consent, power dynamics, and the role of the law in protecting victims.
• Death sentence: The death sentence is a form of punishment that involves the use of lethal injection or other methods to end a person’s life. It is a controversial issue that raises questions about the morality of the state-sanctioned killing.
• Living wills: These are legal documents that allow individuals to specify their end-of-life wishes in advance. They are an important tool for ensuring that a person’s wishes are respected in the event of incapacitation.
• Living wills / Euthanasia: The intersection of living wills and euthanasia is a complex issue that involves questions about autonomy, consent, and the role of the law in end-of-life decisions.
• Bioethics: This is the study of ethical issues that arise in the context of medicine and healthcare. It is an important field that involves questions about the right to healthcare, medical research, and the use of new technologies.
• Abortion: This is a highly debated issue that involves questions about the right to life, bodily autonomy, and the role of the state in regulating reproductive rights.
• Animal rights: This is an important ethical issue that involves questions about the treatment of animals and the role of humans in their lives. It is a complex issue that involves questions about the ethics of farming, animal testing, and the use of animals for entertainment.

Understanding these ethical and moral debates is essential for anyone preparing for the Judiciary exams.

Great, you have now gained knowledge on the 100+ most important essay topics for Judiciary Exams. By going through this article, you have equipped yourself with a well-structured and concise list of topics that will help you succeed in your exam.

It is important to note that while this list covers a wide range of topics, it is not exhaustive. You may encounter different essay topics in your exam, so it is important to be prepared for any eventuality.

To ensure success in your Judiciary Exam, it is essential to avoid errors in your essay writing. Make sure to proofread your work for spelling and grammatical errors, and to structure your essay in a clear and concise manner.

To sum up, with the knowledge you have gained from this article, you are now better equipped to tackle any essay topic that may come your way in your Judiciary Exam. All the Best!

Gagandeep Singh is a highly accomplished and respected educator who has dedicated his career to helping students prepare for the Judiciary Exams. With a wealth of academic qualifications, including an LLB, LLM, MBA, and CS, as well as a B.Com, Gagandeep has spent years honing his teaching methods, and his students consistently report high levels of satisfaction and success.

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IMPORTANT LEGAL ESSAY TOPICS FOR JUDICIARY EXAMS 2024

Exams for the Judicial Services are quite competitive, and essays play a significant role in evaluation. Candidates should plan and organize their responses in accordance with the essay question’s requirements in order to compose a strong essay.

Although there isn’t a single essay writing strategy that works for everyone, there are some broad guidelines that can assist direct your work. Your essay must be properly organized and well-argued first and foremost. It should also be error-free, succinct, and straightforward.

Essays in a Judiciary Exam: Importance

We all develop the ability to write essays during our time in school. However, the quality of essay writing on topics of legal interest in English required for competitive exams is significantly higher than what we experienced in middle school. The inability to write an essay that is both organized and knowledgeable might lead to a mark deduction, thus it is imperative that applicants become proficient in writing judicial essays .

Three categories usually apply to essay writing for judicial exams language papers:

• Essays on Social Topics: These essays address current socio-legal challenges and generally center on issues such as corruption and women’s empowerment.
• essay writing on topics of legal interest : Candidates are judged in this category based on their ability to evaluate and articulate well-informed views on important international happenings.
• Essay on Cultural Legacy Topics: These writings are used to assess a candidate’s familiarity with the state’s cultural legacy and reveal how well-versed they are in it.

State-by-state variations in essay requirements notwithstanding, the overall trend is still the same. Effective essay writing necessitates a comprehensive strategy that includes several essential components. Writing essays effectively requires the development of coherent material, which is a critical skill demonstrated by applicants who score highly.

All essays ought to include the following four major elements:

• A Brief Introduction
• Laws or Sections that include investigating causes and effects
• Relevance of applicable legal provisions

Gaining proficiency in essay writing is an important skill that can boost your score on competitive tests by guaranteeing your ability to express thoughts and arguments clearly.

Major legal essay topics for judiciary exams 2024

The expected legal essay topics india for the judiciary exams 2024 are as follows:

• Surrogacy and its Regulation in India
• Is criminalizing marital rape important?
• The Need of Advocates Protection Act
• Bar and Bench Relationships in India
• Boosting Judicial Activism in India
• Reforms to be implemented in the Judiciary 
• Corruption in the Indian Judiciary 
• Indian Judge Appointment Process
• Regulation over cryptocurrency in India
• Is India going to adopt the Uniform Civil Code?
• Constitutionality of Abrogation of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution 
• Cybercrimes and Judicial Efficacy in India
• India’s digital privacy in the context of the Data Protection Bill
• Should the death penalty be ruled unconstitutional in India?
• Regulation in the Sector of Drugs in India
• How effective are alternative dispute resolution techniques?
• The study of Indian federalism
• Extrajudicial Killings and its Regulation in India
• India’s development of an online FIR
• Regulating artificial intelligence
• Is artificial intelligence a blessing or a curse?
• Regulation on import of Drones in India
• The Impact of Reservation under the Indian Constitution
• Role of the Judiciary in deciding religious issues
• Data Privacy and its protection
• Hate speech / Free speech limits
• Mob lynching in India
• Living wills or Euthanasia in India
• Media responsibility in reporting
• The Emergence of a Cashless Economy in India
• Right to privacy under the Indian Constitution
• The Overview of National Education Policy in India
• Marital Rape under the Indian Penal Code
• The Exclusion of Creamy layer under the Reservation
•  Media Trial in India
•  The Deterrent nature of Global warming in India
• Cybernation – a threat or a convivial to employment
•  The Significance of Ayodhya Verdict
•  Manual Scavenging: A Bane in the Society
• Right to education – challenges and prospects

With a little work and the right approach, essays can raise your score and final rank. Aspirants to the judiciary race from east to west and from north to south in quest of the most anticipated essay subjects for these exams.

Writing essays is a skill that must be mastered if one hopes to do well on judicial exams. Essays test a candidate’s legal knowledge as well as their capacity for in-depth legal analysis and compelling argumentation. Candidates can stay informed about recent legislative developments and improve their comprehension of socio-political dynamics by routinely reading newspapers.

Jyoti Judiciary coaching programs also offer helpful advice and premium materials to enhance the student’s essay writing abilities. A successful career in the judiciary can be achieved by prospective judges through rigorous practice, in-depth research, and critical analysis in their essay writing.

For any latest news, judiciary exams notifications, patterns, etc watch Jyoti Judiciary’s YouTube channel for legal videos for any updates at https://youtube.com/@jyotijudiciarycoaching4852?si=2cwubh9d2A9urwJf

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Current legal Essay Topics for Judiciary Exams

In this article, we are providing you Current legal Essay Topics for Judiciary Exams which will help you understand the nature of legal topics. Every year thousands of advocates apply for judicial examinations.

In India, the state public service commission conducts a judiciary examination. writing a legal essay in a judicial exam becomes more difficult as writing a legal essay needs research and proper legal knowledge.

• Importance of Uniform civil code in India
• Role of media in protecting democratic values in India
• Causes and Consequences of Violence Against Women in India
• Protection of human rights ; Indian scenario
• How gender inequality affects progress of our Country
• Education system in India
• Causes and Consequences of corruption in India
• The Practice Of Child Labour In India
• Right to privacy as a fundamental right in India
• Right to education in India
• The Right to work under Constitution of India
• Child sexual abuse in India – An overview
• Right to freedom of speech and expression in Indian Constitution
• Explain the right to freedom of religion in India
• Barriers to access to justice in India
• Social Justice in Indian Democracy : An overview
• Law relating to contempt of courts in India
• Review of administrative law in India
• Alternative dispute resolution in India
• Mediation in India
• concept of right to information in India
• white collar crime in India
• Child Rights in India
• right to constitutional remedies under Constitution of India
• Emergency provisions of the Constitution of India
• Role and Powers of Governor
• Functions of Parliament in India : An overview
• Right to fair trial in India
• fundamental duties under the constitution of India
• Directive Principle of State Policy under the constitution of India

Legal Essay Topics for Judiciary Exams in India

Legal essay topics for judiciary exams in India can cover a wide range of subjects related to law, governance, and society. These topics are meant to test candidates’ knowledge of various legal concepts and their ability to analyze and present arguments effectively. Here are some current legal essay topics that could be relevant for judiciary exams in India:

• Constitutional Challenges in the Digital Age : Discuss the legal implications of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and social media on constitutional rights and principles.
• Environmental Protection Laws in India : Analyze the effectiveness of environmental laws and regulations in addressing contemporary environmental challenges, such as climate change and pollution.
• Cybersecurity Laws and Data Privacy : Examine the legal framework for cybersecurity and data protection in India and its adequacy in safeguarding individual privacy.
• Criminal Justice Reforms : Discuss the need for reforms in the criminal justice system, including issues like police reforms, prison reforms, and the use of technology in criminal investigations.
• Gender Justice and Laws : Analyze recent legal developments and challenges in achieving gender equality and justice in India, including issues related to sexual harassment, domestic violence, and gender pay gaps.
• Land Acquisition Laws and Social Justice : Evaluate the impact of land acquisition laws on marginalized communities and assess the balance between development and social justice.
• Freedom of Speech and Expression in the Digital Era : Discuss the challenges and limitations of free speech in the context of social media, fake news, and hate speech.
• Judicial Activism vs. Judicial Restraint : Examine the role of the judiciary in shaping public policy and governance, and the balance between judicial activism and judicial restraint.
• Goods and Services Tax (GST) and its Legal Implications : Analyze the legal framework and implications of the GST regime on businesses and the economy.
• Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Mechanisms : Discuss the significance of ADR methods like arbitration and mediation in reducing the backlog of cases in Indian courts.
• Laws Governing Medical Ethics and Healthcare : Evaluate the legal framework for medical practice, patient rights, and healthcare delivery in India.
• Tribal Rights and Forest Conservation Laws : Examine the legal provisions related to tribal rights and forest conservation, with a focus on the Forest Rights Act.
• Economic Offenses and Financial Regulations : Discuss recent developments in laws related to economic offenses, white-collar crimes, and financial regulations.
• Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and Innovation : Analyze the role of IPR laws in promoting innovation and protecting intellectual property in the digital age.
• Constitutional Morality and Minority Rights : Explore the concept of constitutional morality and its implications for the protection of minority rights in India.

When preparing for judiciary exams, it’s essential to keep up with current legal developments and be prepared to critically analyze and present arguments on these and related topics. Additionally, the specific topics covered in the exam may vary, so candidates should refer to the official exam syllabus and guidelines for the most accurate information.

In this article we are only suggesting some topic names for legal essay which may be important in the judicial exam. Some topics reflects current legal issues. This article will help law students,advocate,lawyers in preparing for the judicial examination as well as exams like LLB LLM CLAT

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How to Prepare for Judiciary Exams in 2024? Full Strategy

Hey there! Want to know the strategies to prepare for the judiciary exams? Worry not! 

The judicial services exam consists of 3 stages:  Prelims, Mains, and Viva-voce. Each stage demands a comprehensive approach to covering diverse topics and developing analytical and writing skills. Preparation of judiciary exams requires dedication, strategic planning, and a deep understanding of legal concepts. 

Let’s discuss some of the most influential and practical strategies for preparing for judicial exams for all 3 phases.

Table of Contents

What is the Judiciary Exam?

The judiciary exam, also known as the Judicial Services Examination (JSE), is a competitive exam for law graduates who aspire to join the judicial services as judges. The Public Service Commission or the High Courts of various states conduct the exam. This exam is essential in selecting judges for the Indian judiciary. It ensures that only the best and most qualified individuals are assigned to the judiciary.

Judicial Services Exam Structure

1. preliminary examination.

The prelims consist of objective-type questions. It assesses general knowledge, legal reasoning, logical reasoning, and current affairs. 

2. Mains Examination

The mains assess in-depth knowledge, interpretation, and application of legal principles. It includes subjective questions, essays, and case studies demanding an in-depth understanding of legal concepts and their practical implications.

3. Personal Interview

The personal interview tests the candidate’s ability to argue cases, legal reasoning, and analytical skills.

Also Read: Time Management for Judiciary Exam Preparation (Expert Tips)

Essential Aspects of Judiciary Exams 2024

Besides judiciary-related topics or subjects, candidates must thoroughly study other key concepts to be well-prepared for better results.

Below are the other subjects to emphasize, along with law subjects:

1. General Knowledge

• This comprises static GK, including various sub-topics like science, history, and geography, and state-level general knowledge for a few states.
• Candidates must follow the previous year’s question papers to understand general knowledge questions. 

2. Current Affairs

• Along with static GK, an in-depth preparation for current affairs is a must. 
• Reading newspapers daily is one of the best-suggested methods to stay up-to-date about the latest news happening across the globe.

3. Judgment Writing

• Some states follow a set pattern for judgment writing in the exam. Therefore, candidates must go through the respective state judiciary and prepare accordingly.  

4. Translation

• This is also state-specific. So, candidates must know if their respective state asks for translation in the exam and prepare accordingly. 

When to Start Preparation for Judiciary?

The earlier you start, the greater the chance of success. To clear the exam, be confident and focused. Thoroughly review every subject mentioned in the judiciary syllabus; every subject is equally important. This exam requires hard work, commitment, and proper planning and determination. Avoid all distractions, keep working hard, analyze your mistakes and weaknesses, and learn from them.

How to Prepare for Judiciary Prelims Exams?

The preliminary examination is the judiciary exam’s first and crucial filtering stage. It consists of objective-type questions and tests the candidates’ fundamental knowledge of law and aptitude. 

1. Understand the Syllabus and Exam Pattern

Begin your judiciary preparation by thoroughly analyzing the syllabus. The prelims cover the Constitution, Indian Penal Code, Civil Procedure Code, Criminal Procedure Code, Indian Evidence Act, and Indian Contract Act, etc.

Next, familiarize yourself with the judiciary exam pattern – number of questions, marks per question, negative marking, etc.

2. Comprehensive Reading of Bare Acts

Focus on Bare Acts since questions are often directly framed from their provisions. Understand the key sections and their implications instead of memorizing them.

3. Standard Textbooks and Commentaries

Refer to standard textbooks for a deeper understanding of legal concepts. Also, reading commentaries by legal experts can provide insights into practical aspects of law.

4. Revise Regularly

Consistent revision is key for judiciary exam preparation. Create a revision schedule that allows you to revisit important topics periodically.

5. Practice Previous Year Papers and Mock Tests

Solve the judiciary’s previous years’ papers to understand the type of questions asked. Also, practice judiciary mock tests regularly to help manage time and identify weak areas.

6. Stay Updated with Legal Developments

Keep abreast of recent judgments, amendments, and current legal affairs, as they often form a part of the exam.

7. Time Management

Develop the skill to answer questions quickly and accurately. Time management is critical in the prelims.

8. Study Groups and Discussions

Engaging in group studies and discussions can provide multiple perspectives and aid in a better understanding of complex topics.

Also Read: A Career in Judiciary

How to Prepare for the Judiciary Mains Exam?

The main examination is the more challenging stage in the judiciary exam preparation. It primarily consists of subjective or descriptive questions. This stage tests the depth of your legal knowledge, analytical skills, and ability to express legal arguments coherently.

1. Develop an In-Depth Understanding of the Law

Go beyond the basics covered in the prelims. Read and understand the nuances of different laws, judgments, and interpretations. Focus on significant laws like the Indian Penal Code, Civil Procedure Code, Criminal Procedure Code, Indian Evidence Act, Indian Contract Act, etc.

2. Writing Practice

The key to excelling in mains is to practice writing. Regularly write answers and essays on various legal topics. Develop a clear, concise, and coherent style of writing. Remember, quality of content matters more than quantity.

3. Answer Structure and Presentation

Learn to structure your answers effectively. An ideal answer should have an introduction, a body with legal arguments and citations, and a conclusion. Use legal maxims and case law references to substantiate your answers.

4. Time Management

Practice writing answers within a stipulated time. The mains exam requires you to write extensively, so speed and efficiency are crucial.

5. Analytical and Critical Thinking

Work on analyzing legal problems and formulating arguments from different perspectives.

Develop a habit of critically evaluating legal issues and judgments.

6. Regular Reading and Updating

Keep updating your knowledge with recent legal developments, landmark judgments, and amendments.

7. Referencing Leading Cases

Quote and discuss landmark judgments relevant to the question. This demonstrates your awareness and understanding of legal precedents.

8. Focus on Language and Clarity

Use straightforward language. Avoid legal jargon unless necessary. Proper grammar and punctuation are important to convey your answers.

9. Reviewing and Improving

Regularly review your written answers. Get them evaluated by mentors or peers for constructive feedback. Work on the feedback to improve your answer-writing skills.

10. Balance Between Different Papers

The judiciary mains exam consists of multiple papers. Ensure a balanced preparation across all papers.

11. Mock Exams

Attempt full-length judiciary mock tests. This simulates the actual exam environment and helps in building focus.

Also Read: Best Rajasthan Judiciary (RJS) Books for 2024: Subject-Wise Guide

How to Prepare for Judiciary Interview Round?

The interview round is the final stage of the selection process. It assesses your legal knowledge, personality, demeanor, ethical values, and suitability for a judicial role. 

1. Deep Understanding of Law and Current Affairs

Be thorough with legal principles, landmark judgments, and recent legal developments. Stay updated with current national and international affairs, as questions may not be limited to legal topics.

2. Mock Interviews and Practice

Participate in judiciary mock interviews to simulate the actual interview environment. Practice answering various questions, from technical legal queries to situational questions.

3. Self-Analysis and Personal Profile

Be aware of your strengths, weaknesses, and accomplishments. Interviewers often ask questions about your background, hobbies, and interests. Prepare a coherent narrative about your journey, why you want to join the judiciary, and your career aspirations.

4. Clarity of Thought and Expression

Practice articulating your thoughts clearly and confidently. Your answers should reflect logical reasoning and clarity of thought.

5. Understand the Role of a Judge

Have a clear understanding of the responsibilities and challenges of a judicial officer. Be prepared to discuss your views on qualities important for a judge, such as impartiality, integrity, and fairness.

6. Behavioral and Situational Questions

Prepare for questions that test your ethical judgment, decision-making skills, and ability to handle complex situations. Consider how you would react in challenging scenarios, considering the ethical and moral standards expected of a judge.

7. Presentation and Body Language

Dress formally and maintain a composed and respectful demeanor. Pay attention to your body language; it should convey confidence and professionalism.

8. Honesty and Integrity

Be honest in your responses. If you don’t know an answer, it’s better to admit it than guess. Integrity is a key quality in the judiciary, and your honesty during the interview reflects this virtue.

9. Communication Skills

Effective communication is a must for a judge. Develop your ability to clearly and concisely explain complicated legal issues. Pay attention to active listening, and be ready to respond to any follow-up inquiries. 

Be mindful of your body language, tone of voice, and eye contact during practice interviews. Judges must also communicate their conclusions and justifications in an organized, professional manner.

10. Handling Stress and Pressure

Be prepared for stressful or probing questions. Stay calm and composed, and think before you respond.

11. Review Important Laws and Judgments

Revisit important laws, amendments, and landmark judgments, as these are often discussion topics.

12. Awareness of Local Laws and Issues

If you are appearing for a state judiciary exam, be aware of that state’s local laws, customs, and prominent legal issues.

13. Feedback from Previous Interviews

If you have appeared in interviews before, analyze the feedback or your reflections to improve.

14. Be Confident

During the interview, maintain your composure. The interviewing panel will be more interested in your potential as a judge than your legal knowledge. Be assured in your comments. Keep your conduct polite and formal throughout the interview.

Also Read: Rajasthan Judiciary (RJS) Exam 2024: Full Information

Quick Recap: Judiciary Exam Preparation Strategy

Preparing for preliminary exam:.

• Understand the syllabus and exam pattern.
• Focus on a comprehensive reading of Bare Acts.
• Use standard textbooks and legal commentaries.
• Regularly revise and practice with previous year’s papers and mock tests.
• Stay updated with recent legal developments.
• Prioritize time management and objective question strategies.

Preparing for the Mains Exam

• Deepen your understanding of law beyond the prelims level.
• Practice extensive answer and essay writing.
• Structure answers effectively and focus on presentation.
• Enhance analytical and critical thinking skills.
• Stay current with legal updates and leading cases.
• Balance preparation across different subjects and manage stress effectively.

Preparing for Interview:

• Be thorough with legal principles and current affairs.
• Engage in mock interviews and self-analysis.
• Develop clarity of thought and articulate your answers well.
• Understand the role and responsibilities of a judge.
• Prepare for behavioral and situational questions.
• Maintain a professional demeanor and focus on communication skills.

General Tips:

• Maintain a consistent study routine.
• Adopt a balanced approach, including breaks and leisure activities to avoid burnout.
• Seek feedback and mentorship where possible.
• Focus on physical and mental well-being.
• Join the best judiciary coaching program.

The journey of judiciary exam preparation needs dedication and strategic planning. With a serious commitment, nothing can hinder your path to becoming a judicial officer. Prepare diligently, stay motivated, and success in the judiciary exam will be within your grasp.

Read more blogs:

• How to Prepare for Jharkhand Judiciary Exam 2023? Expert Tips
• MP Civil Judge (MPCJ) Eligibility 2023: Age Limit and Qualifications  
• How To Prepare For The UP PCS J Exam? – Complete Guide
• How To Prepare For HJS Exam – Complete Guide

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Home » Judiciary Corner » Judiciary Mains Examination: The Art of Answer Writing

Judiciary Mains Examination: The Art of Answer Writing

• Dec 14, 2021
• One Comment

Hello Aspirants! Welcome back to the Lawctopus Judiciary Corner series .

This article will discuss one of the most crucial questions from the judicial examination point of view. The question is- How should I write my answer?

To some, it may appear as an irrelevant question. Why? Because during the five or three years we spend in law school, we involve ourselves only in research papers, moots, and tons of examinations. We firmly believe that we know everything related to answer writing. Right? Well, not really. Let me tell you why.

Bursting the Bubble of Mains Answer Writing

Believe it or not, law schools do not prepare us for various competitive examinations. People who get selected in Judicial Services avoid writing their answers as a typical law student. Instead, their answers reflect their thought process, knowledge of the law, and its applicability.

Successful aspirants frame the answers in a manner that reflects clarity of legal concepts, filter out relevant information with convincing reasoning to the examiner. So, comparing the answer written by a law student with a judicial aspirant would be like comparing apples to oranges.

But no worries. Every aspirant who ever made it to the merit list and joined Judicial Services started from scratch. You can, too, learn to write your answers just like a successful judicial aspirant.

But truth to be told, it is not a piece of cake. One has to practice consistently for at least 3-6 months. If you are ready to do that, then continue reading to find out how.

The method discussed below for answer writing applies to everyone regardless of the State Judicial Service Examination you are attempting. So be it Delhi Judicial Services (DJS) or Haryana Judicial Examination, it works for everyone.

Mains Answer Writing: Crisp, Precise, and Desirable

Answer writing is an art that you need to master for clearing the Mains examination.

But how do you do that?

The perfect answer has three main essential ingredients. Crisp, Precise, and Desirable. Your answer needs to have these three components as per the question.

You may ask why? It’s simple. Because you start with limited time on your hand when you sit for the exam. You get only three hours to attempt the paper & not following these three components may make you miss two or three questions that can cost you an entire year.

The judicial examination is a race against time & one mistake can make you start again from the beginning. By remembering the Crisp, Precise, and Desirable rule, you will be able to finish your paper on time & your answer will reflect your preparation and preciseness that is very important.

Beating around the bush or mentioning irrelevant information will go against you. Aspirants need to forget the law school method of answer writing. Learn and practice writing only information that is relevant to the topic.

You will be able to incorporate these rules only if you practice answer writing daily. Stop assuming that it will come naturally to you when you sit for the exam. Remember, many times students blank out due to the lack of preparation and practice.

Pattern of Mains Answer Writing

Students don’t face problems when they attempt conceptual and direct questions. However, when it comes to hypothetical questions, they do get nervous. Especially in the Delhi Judicial Service Examination, it is the trend that most questions are hypothetical.

So what should be your strategy to tackle such questions? You can follow the advice of Yashdeep Chahal AIR 1 Delhi Judicial Service Exam, 2019.

He suggests, for answer writing, practice is the key & there is no alternative to it. The answers need to be in a structured manner. For writing answers, candidates need to adopt an analytical approach.

The analytical approach consists of the following stages:

• Find out what exactly is asked in the question.
• Determine the length of the question by marking points. Don’t write 20 marks worth of content in a 5 marker question.
• Don’t start writing answers immediately. Take a moment, make a mental plan of the chronology of the answer, and then write.
• Follow a uniform pattern for all answers. Don’t go around spending much time and effort on one answer and finish the others casually.
• Prepare answers beforehand. For example, if you are studying a specific topic, let’s say Confession, then prepare five marks, ten marks, and twenty marks answers in advance.

Aspirants can try this answer writing method for Hypothetical questions:

• Issues Paragraph
• Position of Law
• Facts & Law

Also, try linking your answer with the Constitution whenever possible. Because the Indian Constitution is the pillar for all the laws, it would make a difference.

Practice for Mains Answer Writing

Learning, Repetition, and Consistency is the key to success in any examination. You need to realize that your paper is going to be very long so you need to manage your time well. Revise everything you studied during the day.

You can try to filter your syllabus into three areas:

• Very important
• Not so important

With this method try to make specific notes of important topics and revise them weekly, if possible. It helps you write the answer as you won’t waste time thinking about how to go about it. As you need to impress the examiner with your answer in a limited time, so it is better to prepare your synopsis in advance.

The fact is that everyone who attempts the Judicial Services wants to pass the exam and become a judge. However, only a few can make it. Why? Because they do the small but important things differently than others. While most follow the standard method of answer writing taught in law schools, few of them change the way they have been taught and clear the exam. So what are you waiting for? Start practicing your answer writing today and see how much of a difference it makes.

Read more judiciary related articles here.

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How to Prepare for Judiciary Exams 2024? A Beginner's Guide

Author : Yogricha

August 30, 2024

Overview:  Judiciary examination is one of the most difficult exams in India and if you are aiming to crack it, you must know what steps you should take while preparing for Judiciary.

  Before you start preparing for Judiciary examination, you must go through this blog to understand how to prepare for Judiciary and to start your preparation, make strategy and crack judiciary.

In this blog we will cover:

• Must Know Judiciary Examination Preparation Tips from Toppers
• What is the Right Time to Prepare for the Judicial Services Exam 2024
• How to start your preparation for Judiciary Exams 2024
• Judiciary Prelims Exam 2024 tips
• How to Prepare for Judiciary Exam Mains 2024

Most Recommended Books for Judiciary Exams 2024

Download FREE Notes for Judiciary by Judiciary Gold

How to prepare for Judiciary like a topper 2024

Here is the list of tips and tricks suggested by the Judiciary Exam Topper on preparing for the judiciary exam.

• Prepare a schedule for studying all the topics as per the syllabus on the daily. 
• Dedication and a minimum of 10-12 hours of study are required. 
• Allot at least 1 hour to read general knowledge, recent judgments, and newspapers. 
• Practice English and Hindi language papers to prepare for the judiciary exam. 
• Go through the Previous Year Papers to know what areas to focus on (you will also understand the previous year trends).
• To become a Civil Judge , one should clearly understand all the law subjects, recent legal developments, etc. 

Read Now:  Note-making tips suggested by the judiciary exam toppers .

The Right Time to Prepare for the Judicial Services Exam 2024

Here are a few suggestions on when to begin Judiciary Exam Preparation :

As a Law School student:

• If you are in your law school, then you should focus on all the core subjects that are preliminary asked in judiciary prelims and mains.
• You can start your preparation along with law school in your 3rd or 4th year of your 5 year law school.
• If you are in 3 year law school, then start your preparation from 2nd year onwards.
• You can start with taking classes on judiciary online after your University classes .
• Make your own notes when you start your preparation.
• If you are in your 1st year and you have already decided that you want to become a judge then you can start your preparation. You may not join any classes, but you can seek guidance from your seniors or facilties regarding your preparation.
• You can buy practice books and other sudy material if you want, this can help you prepare better.

After Completing Law:

• After you have completed law school and even if you have started practicing or not, you have to make sure that you start as early as possible.
• Once you have decided your target state, udnerstand the syllabus and start your preparation.
• It is adviced that you must take coachings or guidance from teachers and mentors, this will help you get better with your preparation.

How to prepare for Judiciary? Start your Judiciary exam preparation 2024

Success in judiciary exams isn't overnight. Ensure that you understand the syllabus before hand. Go through the following suggestions on how to prepare for the judiciary exam:

• The first and essential step to starting civil judge exam preparation is that you should know your target states.
• Once you know the target state, you must understand the syllabus of those states. Take a note of all the major and minor laws and also the state specific laws.
• Begin with Mains exam preparation, and you will be able to simultaneously cover the syllabus for Prelims also.
• Go through the respective state-wise  Judiciary Exam Pattern   to know the number of questions asked and the marking scheme. 
• The central part of the syllabus for most states includes the Constitution of India, Code of Criminal Procedure, Code of Civil Procedure, Indian Penal Code, and Indian Evidence Act.
• The minor subjects of the syllabus are the Indian Contract Act, the Specific Relief Act, and the Transfer of Property Act.

Cheat Code: Quick Tips for Solving MCQ for the Judiciary Prelims Exam

• Try to attempt as many questions as possible.
• Mark the right answers in the OMR sheet.
• Check if there is negative marking. If there is not negative marking then attempt all the questions. (Mark an honest fluke even if you do not the answer)
• Leave the most doubtful MCQs if there is negative marking.
• Trust your intuition. The first pick is often right.
• Apply the true or false method if you face a negatively worded question.
• Read the question twice before ticking the correct answer.
• Stay calm and confident. A quiet mind can pick answers easily.
• Do not miss the words like "not", "except" in the questions.

How to Prepare for Judiciary Exam Mains 2024?

Use these pointers to ace the Mains paper of the judiciary exam. 

• You must start Mains preparation along with Prelims preparation only.
• However, after your prelims exams you must not wait for results to announce, you must prepare as soon as the prelims exams are completed.
• You must practice answer writing daily.
• Using a timer lets you know how much time you take to solve one question.  
• Practice 2-3 Previous Year Papers Weekly. 
• The primary key to clearing the mains is practicing and writing them in a comprehensive answer. 
• You must get your answers checked by your teachers and mentors.
• Take feedback from them and try improving youranswers.
• You should practice Judiciary Examination Question Papers enhancing your speed and accuracy. 

Read about :  MP Civil Judge Examination Preparation

For your complete preparation you must include the  Best Books for Judiciary Exams   during your judiciary exam preparation. These books cover all the topics as per the latest syllabus.

Conclusion:

The Judiciary examination stands as one of the most challenging tests in India. To succeed in cracking it, it's imperative to comprehend the essential steps required for effective preparation. Aforementioned steps and tips are must for you to read and follow to excel in judiciary exams.

All the Best Judiciary Aspirants.

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Frequently Asked Questions

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How to Write the Best Answer in Judiciary Mains Exam

State Judicial Examination, popularly known as PCS(J) , or Judiciary Exam, consists of three stages. They are Preliminary , Mains , and Interview . One needs to clear all these stages to become a judicial officer.

Preliminary is the qualifying stage. After that, based on the assessment in the Mains exam, students are selected for the interview. In most cases, it is the Mains exam that decides whether a student is capable of making it through or not.

There are several tips and techniques to write the perfect answer in the Judiciary Mains exam. An on-point answer makes our paper stand out and impressive. Let us look at twelve effective ways to write the best possible answer in the Mains exams for the year 2024 and beyond.

Tips to Write the Best Answer in the Judiciary Mains Exam

While writing the Mains paper, many things need to be kept in mind. The race is not easy, but not very difficult either. A systematic approach can make it work.

Important points to write the best answer while sitting in the hall for the Mains exam are as follows.

1. Make Sure You Understand the Question.

The first thing that we see in the paper is the arrangement of questions as per the allocation of marks. Before flipping on any other item, you must understand what the question is asking.

For example, If the question is why the evidence of an accomplice is not trustworthy? Then, you cannot write what evidence is and who is an accomplice. This will lengthen your answer, and you won’t be able to write the main content asked in the question.

Sure, if it is a detailed, long answer question, then go for it. But if the question carries fewer marks, stick to the point. Do not write stories. This is not your college or university exam. Here, the more precise and on-point you are, the better are the chances for scoring well.

2. Stick to the Word Limit.

The word limit is mentioned for every question or set of questions. It is there for a reason. So, keep the answer within the word limit. Examiners value and appreciate the answers written within the prescribed limit.

The team that sets these high-level papers roughly knows in how many words the answer to a particular problem can be described masterfully. So, value the limit set by them. If you exceed the word limit, it may backfire.

What is the use of holding your nose by bending your hand around your neck when you could have simply held it from the front?

3. Keep Your Answers Simple.

Try to write your answer in the most straightforward form. Your motto should be to convey your ideas in a way that a wide range of people can understand. Inserting big and tough words does not necessarily make your answer attractive.

However, in the Judiciary Exam, do not restrict yourself from using legal maxims and phrases to support your answer. These words make the writing presentation quite impressive.

4. Write Short Sentences.

In the Judiciary exam, your primary motive should be to make yourself heard. The best way to clearly express yourself is to write short sentences. They are easy to read, understand, and convey the impression of friendliness. You may also choose to write in points. Like (1), (2), (3), and so on.

When you prepare for PCSJ exams, practice writing small sentences in your notebook. If you write a lengthy sentence, practice the art of breaking it into two or three separate smaller pieces. This will gradually become your habit.

Note : When you are writing the exact law, then do not break it. In that case, you have to write the long sentence or, however, the section name is (which may be devoid of regular grammar and norms. Law sentences are quite lengthy.)

5. Break the Answer into Paragraphs.

A long paragraph is arduous to read. Short paragraphs, on the other hand, are easy to consume. Also, dividing your long answer makes the presentation better.

Now, you may ask, what is the ideal paragraph size? Well, it varies. However, the acceptable limit ranges from three to five sentences. These small chunks of precise writing in short sentences are valuable for all written exams or projects you undertake in the future.

6. Make Ample Use of Legal Terms.

While writing, try to make the answers precise by using legal terms and words. For example, Suppose you are trying to say that the marriage is void and parties have no legal obligations attached to it.  This sentence is perfect, and it makes sense, as well. But since you are writing a law exam, try to use legal terms.

Here, you can simply write that the marriage is annulled. It sounds short and on point and exhibits that you have read multiple law content. The examiner will be impressed.

7. Mention Important Case Laws.

Adding case laws to the answer makes it more authentic and convincing. The latest case laws work as a punch mark to the written law that you write in the answer.

Even if you don’t remember the name or citation of a case, you can only write the verdict. The examiner is not very interested in knowing the name or story behind a case. Instead, he wants you to mention the verdict or the judgment delivered by the apex court. Make sure you write this appropriately and suitably.

8. Follow Proper Judgement Writing Format.

When you are attempting to write a judgement in your answer, remember the format or the sequence. It is simple, and you can find these in various law books . The main thing in writing judgement is inferencing the correct law and its application to the given facts.

9. Avoid Using Many Abbreviations.

You are sitting in the hall, hoping to become a member of the judicial services. Show this in the paper as well. Filling your subjective answers with abbreviations makes it less formal.

You are not using a small smartphone display or exchanging fun conversations with your mates. Rigorous hard work of multiple years should reflect in your words. Do not ruin it with a quick abbreviation.

When a person reads a paragraph, he wishes to continue a flow while reading all the sentences. A short form or punctured word breaks this flow. Make the paper checker comfortable with your answers. Always remember you are an upcoming judge. Your words should reflect your mindset and philosophy.

10. Have a Synopsis in Mind.

Before putting the pen on the sheet, make sure to have an outline in mind. Ensure that you have a clear picture of the layout of your answer. Do not think that ‘ I will improvise as I proceed. ‘ Have a clear picture from the beginning. It prevents mistakes and makes your answer more systematic and chronological.

11. Set an Estimated Time Limit for a Question.

You know your writing speed and the duration in which you can put thought from mind to paper. So, how much time to give to a question or set of questions (short or long) entirely depends on you.

When writing an answer, try to complete it within your set time frame. If you stretch one or two questions and exceed the time limit, you will unnecessarily start to panic and lose control. So avoid that. The above tips, like sticking to the word count and having a summary before writing, will significantly help in adhering to the time limit.

Always remember that one or two questions with good, long answers are not an excuse to miss even a single question!

For example , Suppose there are two long answers, and 40 minutes remain. You utilise 32 minutes to write an excellent answer to one question and have only 8 minutes for the second one. Don’t do that.

In 20 minutes, you can write an answer that will award you 7 out of 10 marks. If you utilise 32 minutes, most likely, you will get 8.5 out of 10 for that.

Just think that, for 1.5 additional marks, is it okay to sacrifice the other question where you could have easily scored a minimum of 5 or 6 marks had you given it the appropriate share of the remaining time?

12. Allot the Last 15 Minutes for Revision.

This is a very crucial time. Within fifteen minutes, you have to go through the whole paper, which took you multiple hours to write! But it is essential.

In these fifteen minutes, check if you have missed a word, an essential note, punctuation, a short example, or a case name. You may also use this time to underline the crucial points of an answer. This time is also suitable to check your credentials once more and ensure that everything is correct.

Success in Judiciary Mains Exam!

Keeping these techniques in mind, you can attempt the Mains examination efficiently and flawlessly. A systematic approach can make any horse win the race. Pick your weak points and work on them. Appropriately utilise the time now. Back it up with a proper routine and proper management . Once you discipline yourself, no goal is too big.

Finally, a law student preparing for the Judicial Services Exam comes across multiple opinions on how to study law and other instructions. Make it a point never to get carried away with every advice you get. Listen to every piece of information, but before acclimatising it, analyse it yourself. A person better knows about themself than any other. All the best.

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Thank you for your valuable guidelines for the JCJ mains exam and these are very useful to us for succeeding in the exam sir.

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• English language
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• Judicial Services

Improving english language skills for Judiciary exams 

This article is written by Malika Jain . It seeks to provide a comprehensive account of all the relevant information about the significance of English language skills for judiciary exams. It not only shares insights about the frequently asked topics and questions in the judiciary exams but also suggests tips and tricks to master the language. 

Table of Contents

Introduction

The English language plays a significant role in the judiciary exams. For aspiring candidates wishing to make a career in the judicial services, the importance of knowing the English language cannot be overstated. Judicial services serve as a prolific avenue of employment for aspiring law students; however, almost all the judiciary exams in India test the candidates’ knowledge of and proficiency in the English language. Most of these judiciary exams, like those in Delhi, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, etc., generally have a separate section on the English language. The section on the English language is an extremely valuable and scoring portion of the exam and thus presents a great opportunity for the candidates to easily gain their scores by developing skills in the English language. The significance of the English language is not restricted to mere judiciary exams; command over the same also helps the candidates perform better in their professional lives after selection in the judicial services. 

However, the English language may not be the first or even second language of many judiciary aspirants. It may appear to be a daunting task for them to understand and write English. The candidates, however, need not stress too much for this English language segment in the judiciary exam since, though it might seem difficult, it is not impossible. With sincere efforts made in the right direction, the candidates can excel in this linguistic skill and ace the judiciary exam.

This article is precisely composed with the objective of assisting and guiding the candidates in their endeavour to master the English language so that they can perform well in their judiciary exams. It covers every topic, including the format and pattern of sections of English language in various judiciary exams, the types of questions asked therein, the challenges faced in attempting such questions, and important tips and tricks to prepare for both the relevant components of the English language exam, viz., reading and writing. It seeks to help the aspirants by providing guidance on the basis of the analysis of the past year question papers of the judiciary exams in various states. It also answers various FAQs that may arise in the mind of an aspirant while preparing for the English language section of the judiciary exams. Therefore, the candidates must not be afraid of the English language skills required in the judiciary exams; rather, they should mould their preparation for the same in the right shape following the tips and techniques discussed in this article.

Importance of english language in judiciary exam

Before we set on to discuss the techniques with which candidates can hone their skills in the English language, we must understand the significance of the English language in the judiciary exams and why the English language has been made a crucial component of the judiciary exams. 

Significance of the english language in judiciary exams

• The main function of judicial officers is to interpret the law and apply it to the facts and circumstances of the case, and all the laws, rules, regulations, by-laws, etc. are in English; thus, being proficient in the English language is significant for the purposes of judicial services. Hence, until and unless the judicial officers understand the intricacies of the English language, they will not be able to understand and appreciate the language of the law. In fact, they will not be able to discharge the most basic function of their role as judicial officers, i.e., interpretation of law, if they do not know English language well. 
• Judiciary exams ensure, at the threshold level itself, that the candidates are well-versed in the English language. Interestingly, the Supreme Court and all the High Courts in India generally use English in their daily proceedings. The same is also stipulated under Article 348 of the Constitution of India. Not only do the pleadings and arguments have to be submitted in English, but these courts also pronounce their judgements in English only. Thus, if a candidate gets selected in the judicial services as a judicial officer and later on is promoted to the High Court or even the Supreme Court, it will not only be embarrassing if he or she does not understand the pleadings and arguments presented before them in English, but it will also cause great inconvenience in the functioning of these courts. 
• The duties of the judicial officer are complex. During the course of their duty, they might have to deal with various types of documents and records, either in the form of evidence or various legal resources. These documents would, most probably, require them to know and understand the English language. Hence, in order to be able to deal with such documentation in English, the aspiring candidates have to possess knowledge of the language.
• It is widely accepted that legal English is more complex than the ordinary English used in common parlance. The former also involves the use of legal jargon and foreign words that might not be understandable to an ordinary person. Therefore, the judiciary exams test the English language skills of the candidates to ensure that they not only fully comprehend the ordinary English language but can also appreciate the nuances of typical legal English. 

Therefore, the judiciary exams place significant emphasis on the evaluation of the English language skills of the candidates. 

Format of english language paper in the judiciary exams

As stated above, nearly all the judiciary exams in all the states in the country include a separate and dedicated exam on the English language. However, knowledge of the English language is not only necessary for attempting the particular English language paper of the judicial services’ exams, but the same is also indispensable for the candidates in answering the descriptive questions asked in these exams in general. The marks are not only deducted when the candidates mark a wrong answer in the English language section but also when the candidates write essay-type answers in grammatically wrong or incorrect language. 

Similarly, if the candidate opts for taking the judicial services’ interview in English, it is imperative for him or her to be extremely proficient and fluent in speaking and understanding English. Speaking in incorrect or broken English in the interview would not merely result in the deduction  of the candidate’s scores but would also leave a poor impression of him or her on the interviewer. Hence, it can be seen that the judiciary exam mandates the candidates to develop comprehensive expertise in all the spheres of the English language, viz.: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Therefore, the requirement that aspirants to judicial services have exceptional English language skills cannot be underscored enough.

As far as the separate segments of judiciary exams in the English language are concerned, these sections contain a variety of questions, which may include both multiple choice type questions and essay type questions. The evaluation of the English language skills of the candidates can be tested in judiciary exams, both preliminary and mains. The multiple choice type questions, mainly in the preliminary exam, may involve questions like synonyms, antonyms, homophones, homonyms, English grammar, vocabulary, etc. 

On the other hand, the Mains judiciary exam may require the candidates to write descriptive answers to questions involving precis writing, essay writing, reading comprehension, etc. As per the analysis of the past year question papers, sometimes, like in the case of exams for Arunachal Pradesh Judicial Services and Madhya Pradesh Judicial Services, as many as 20-25 questions have been asked on the English language in the preliminary exam. Similarly, most of the states, like the UP Judicial Services, Odisha Judicial Services , etc., have a valuably high scoring section on the English language in the Mains judiciary exams. Generally, the marks attached to these sections range from 100 to 150, which can undoubtedly have a huge impact on the overall score of the candidates. Thus, the candidates must prepare for the English language section considerably, as it has a significant role in the judicial services exams. 

Syllabus and types of questions asked in the English language section of judiciary exams

The candidates must at least prepare the following topics while preparing for the English language sections of judiciary exams in any state whatsoever:

Idioms and phrases 

English idioms and phrases form an important part of the judiciary exams. Several questions are formed out of this topic in the English language section. For instance, the candidates may be asked to identify the meaning of a particular idiom or phrase, or they may be required to complete a particular idiom or phrase by filling in the blank. Some questions may also require the candidates to choose the correct idiom or phrase according to the context provided. For example,in the Delhi Judicial Services Preliminary Exam  2017 , a question was asked on the meaning of the phrase “let the cat out of the bag.” Hence, the candidates must practise idioms and phrases well to be able to answer such questions. 

English spelling is a topic that cannot only be asked directly but may also be crucial while answering the questions generally in the judiciary exams. In the preliminary exam, the candidates may be asked to identify the correct spelling of a word, whereas in the rest of the paper, the candidates must ensure that they do not make any spelling mistakes, as the same can ruin the impression thereof.

Vocabulary 

Vocabulary is an extremely crucial component of any competitive exam, and judiciary exams are not an exception. In fact, vocabulary is a component that, once mastered, is going to help the candidates in all three levels of the judiciary exam: the preliminary exam, the mains exam and the interview. 

Vocabulary includes both English word-meaning and the synonyms and antonyms of English words within its ambit. Questions asking the candidates to specify the antonym or synonym of an English word are not uncommon in the judiciary exams, mainly in the preliminary exams. For example, in Arunachal Pradesh Judicial Services Preliminary exam 2021, questions were asked on the meaning of the words ‘incinerate’, ‘decapitate’, etc. 

Knowledge of vocabulary is also very helpful in precis writing, essay writing, paraphrasing, and translation questions, which are commonly asked in the mains exam. Even in the interview, good command over vocabulary will not only improve the expression of the candidate but will also cast a good impression on the interviewer. This, however, does not mean that the candidate should use flowery and pompous language in the interview.

Although articles may not be directly asked in the judiciary exams, a general knowledge of articles is compulsory for the candidates to write and speak grammatically correct English in the judiciary exams. 

Parts of speech

Parts of speech are probably the first step in learning the English language, and hence, the same cannot be missed by the candidates while preparing for the English language paper in the judiciary exams. In the judiciary exams, the candidates may be required to select the correct word to complete the sentence or directly identify the part of speech. The knowledge of parts of speech comes in handy in solving these types of questions, as the form of a word, i.e., whether it is a noun or an adverb, etc., can extend great hints to the candidates in selecting the right answer. Moreover, even when the candidates are asked to paraphrase a given text, they can rely on parts of speech to alter the structure of the sentences to paraphrase the same.

Subject-verb agreement

We often get confused as to which verb, singular or plural,  should be used with a particular subject, especially when there is more than one subject. This phenomenon of using the correct verb with the subject is known as subject-verb agreement, and this produces a lot of questions in the judiciary exams. For instance, questions like the following are asked quite often in the preliminary exams: Ram and his friends ______ to the temple every day. (go/ goes).

Essay writing

Essay writing evaluates the candidates’ ability to write meaningful, thoughtful, and comprehensive literary pieces in English. For such types of questions, the candidates would be required to write essays on different socio-political or legal topics. For example, in the U.P. Judicial Services Mains Written Examination 2023 , essay type questions were asked on topics such as conservation of nature, the importance of social, cultural and gender equality from a global perspective, and Yoga practices and their clinical effects. 

To answer these questions, the candidates must know the nitty-gritties of the English language to be able to express their thoughts on the topic in grammatically correct, coherent, and vocabularily rich English. As much as this is an opportunity for the candidates to showcase their English language skills, which, if presented accurately, can earn great rewards thereto, this may also be a little challenging for the newcomers. Thus, knowledge of the English language together with the practise of answer writing are important for such essay type questions.

Precis writing

In questions about precise writing, the candidates have to summarise the given text while keeping intact all its essential elements. Technically, in precise writing, the summary should be one third of the total worth of the given text. However, the candidates do not actually count the number of words in the given text and the summary; rather, it is a general estimation that they should maintain this ratio. As stated earlier, wide knowledge of English grammar, sentence structures and clauses, vocabulary, parts of speech, etc. can make the activity of precis writing greatly easier for the candidates. 

Short note writing

This is largely like writing short, descriptive answers on a particular topic. Similar to essay writing, the topics of short note writing can also be based on a current relevant socio-economic or political, or legal issue. 

Reading comprehension

Questions related to reading comprehension not only test the candidates’ ability to answer questions on the basis of the given text, but they also require the candidates to have decent reading speed. The text can be sourced from any judgement or from the work of any famous jurist, and the candidates will have to answer the questions after critically analysing and reading the text. Reading speed is required because there may be a couple of questions about reading comprehension or because the given text can be lengthy and complex. Hence, good reading speed will always benefit the candidates by saving time and spending it more where needed.  

Unseen passages

The questions related to unseen passages are more or less the same as those of reading comprehension, with the only difference being that in unseen passages, the passage remains unknown to the candidates. 

In cloze tests, the candidates will be presented with a paragraph with certain blanks to be filled out by the candidates chosing the correct option. Notably, the blanks have to be filled out, taking the context of the paragraph into consideration. In these questions, the candidates will have to read the paragraph, understand its meaning and context, and then select the most appropriate option that could fit therein. This may require the candidates to possess a strong hold on vocabulary and parts of speech. 

Another modified version of the same can be in the form of missing words verbs, wherein certain sentences would be given with blanks and the candidates will have to choose the most suitable verb from the options to complete the sentences. 

Word formation

A peculiar feature of the English language is that many words can be created from a single root word by adding suffixes or prefixes. New meanings can be created by altering the form of the same word. In questions related to word formation, the candidates may be asked to form new words or identify the altered words or the root word of an English word, etc. To be able to answer these questions correctly, the candidates would have to build a strong knowledge base of English vocabulary. 

Translations

In translation, the candidates are required to translate into English the sentences given in Hindi or any other regional language, depending on the state of the judicial services exam at hand. Similarly, it also involves the retranslation of sentences given in English into Hindi or any other regional language, again varying according to the state of the judicial services exam.

Para jumbles

Para jumble questions are those where a number of statements are given in an arbitrary or incoherent order that have to be arranged by the candidates in a logical order to form a meaningful paragraph. These types of questions become easy when one is adept at parts of speech, particularly since they can give hints about the order of statements. 

For instance, if a sentence starts with ‘although’ or ‘while’, we understand that, firstly, the same cannot be the last statement, and secondly, that the sentence next to this one will necessarily mean contrary to it. Thus, by picking up cues from the parts of speech, we can get a sense of the order of the statement.

Sentence rearrangement

This is similar to para jumbles. In these types of questions, a number of lines, phrases, or clauses are given in an incoherent order that have to be rearranged by the candidates to make a complete, meaningful, and grammatically correct sentence. Again, the trick of parts of speech discussed for the para jumbles is useful for sentence rearrangement questions as well. 

Verbal ability

Apart from the above, the verbal ability section may involve different types of questions like error spotting or phrase replacement, fill in the blanks, match the columns, etc. 

In questions related to error spotting, the given statements will involve certain English grammar mistakes, and the candidates will have to find out the same. There may be more than one mistake in the sentences. Similarly, in phrase replacement, the highlighted phrase in the question will be incorrect, and the candidates will be required to select the most appropriate option that could replace the incorrect phrase in the question. For example, in the Madhya Pradesh Preliminary Judiciary Exam 2019 , the candidates were asked to select one word that could be substituted for the sentence: “that which cannot be corrected” with the options:

• Unintelligible 
• Indelible 
• Illegible 
• Incorrigible

English grammar, in its totality, is a very significant element of the judiciary exams because where there is a need for English, there is significance for English grammar. This is to cover those portions of English grammar that are not specifically mentioned above. The candidates, after preparing for the above frequently asked topics, must still visit the rest of the English grammar rules to ace the language section of the judiciary exams.

Therefore, the candidates have to devote ample attention to the English language to perform well in the judiciary exams. The above mentioned syllabus and types of questions are merely illustrative and not exhaustive. The candidates, thus, must try to cover all aspects of the English language in their preparation for judiciary exams. Remember that setting an ambitious goal to prepare for all the relevant topics in the English language will enable extensive learning. 

Challenges in attempting the english language section of the judiciary exams

Before the candidates start working on their English language skills for the judiciary exams, it is important that they identify the challenges they may face in attempting the English section or while dealing with the English language in general. This is the best way to start any preparation, as the cognizance of one’s own weaknesses can help a great deal in guiding the preparation in the right direction. This will allow the candidates to emphasise their potentially weak areas and prepare for them. 

The following are the main challenges that candidates may face. In other words, areas that need special attention by the candidates in grappling with the English language in the judiciary exams are:

Vocabulary can seem to be a great hurdle to the candidates in improving their English language skills for the judiciary exams, as they are endless, difficult to memorise, and confusing. So many words in the English language, despite having different meanings, may sound similar or have similar spellings, like hair and hare, pair and pare, here and heir, etc., which can make the process of learning vocabulary greatly tricky. Further, as the candidates progress towards advanced vocabulary, the pronunciation and spelling of the words get complicated. Moreover, for some candidates, basic vocabulary may appear to be advanced, and advanced vocabulary may be extremely difficult due to various reasons, like basic educational qualifications in regional languages. Admittedly, vocabulary is a difficult part; however, with repeated revisions and continuous exposure to good vocabulary, the process of learning it may become comfortable.

Legal phraseology and jargon 

As mentioned above, legal English is a bit different from the English used in common parlance. It involves foreign words, legal jargon, and formal legal phraseology. Not only are these typical legal terms spelled differently, but they also sound differently. Therefore, preparing for the same can be a little challenging and might require special efforts by the candidates.

Critical comprehension 

Comprehension means the capability to understand the text. However, on the other hand, critical comprehension means going far beyond the text and digging deeper into its unwritten implications. It not only means understanding the text but also evaluating its purpose and discovering the meaning implied in it. It is to evaluate the visible text to understand the invisibilities underlying it. To understand the text inside and out, the candidates first need to be well-versed in the English language. Without being able to comprehend the text, they will not be able to critically analyse it. 

Interestingly, legal texts are necessarily comprehended critically. Judicial officers do not just have to read and interpret the text of the law; they also have to understand and enforce the spirit thereof, which is possible only through critical comprehension. Probably this is why in the English papers in judiciary exams, questions like reading comprehension, unseen passages, answer writing, or essay type questions are included so that the candidates can be tested on the basis of their skills of critical comprehension and analysis. 

However, to develop this skill, the candidates must keep practising with a lot of patience. To hone this skill, the candidates need to have knowledge about a wide range of relevant issues so that a particular topic can be viewed from different points of view and interconnections can be highlighted. Thus, this may be a difficult challenge for the candidates in their journey of improving their English language skills for judiciary exams. 

English grammar

English grammar may prove to be challenging for the candidates as it has a plethora of rules that are very difficult to keep in mind all the time. The rules also have various exceptions, which further add to their complexity. Moreover, given the monumental significance attached to English grammar in the judiciary exams, it cannot be taken lightly. Thus, the candidates have to undertake the painstaking task of understanding and memorising the complicated web of rules and exceptions in English grammar.

Coherent English writing

Coherent English writing is the capability of being able to write in a logical manner. For the sake of clarity, it must be mentioned that it is not just writing correct English; it additionally involves the art of writing articulately to express ideas and thoughts accurately. This art of writing coherent English is vital in the judiciary exams, not only to attempt questions related to para jumbles or sentence rearrangement but also while writing essay type answers. It can be a daunting task for candidates without diligent practice.

Speaking fluently

This is a very common challenge faced by aspirants to the judiciary exam. Obviously, this challenge may crop up at the stage of the interview only. When the candidates choose to take up an interview in English, the challenge of speaking English fluently is perhaps the first thing to catch their attention. Broken or language with excessive use of fillers like ‘ kind of’, ‘sort of’, ‘like’, ‘you know’, etc. too often not only damages the impression of the candidates, but it also disrupts effective communication between the interviewer and the interviewee. Thus, candidates may have to pay sincere attention and make efforts to upskill their spoken English to fetch decent marks in the interview. 

Lack of easy and credible resources

Lack of easy and credible resources is indeed a serious issue for candidates seeking to improve their English language skills for judiciary exams. It is extremely important that the candidates prepare for their judiciary exams with reliable and easy-to-understand resources. There is absolutely no use in resorting to very complicated and fancy resources if the candidates are not able to understand them or learn from them. Hence, the availability of easy and credible resources to facilitate candidates’ learning is crucial.

However, such resources are either scarcely available or there is a lack of awareness about them amongst the candidates. Therefore, to resolve this problem and bridge this gap of information, we later discuss the resources that the candidates may have recourse to for the preparation of the English language for the judiciary exams.

Hence, these are the main areas upon which the candidates must spend sufficient and special time and energy, as they may pose hurdles in their preparation of the English language for the judiciary exams.

How to improve english language skills for judicial exams 

Having discussed the significance of English language in the judiciary exams and the prominent challenges that the candidates may face in their efforts to improve their English language skills, we now come to the most important and relevant part, i.e., ways to improve English language skills for judiciary exams. 

Strategies for vocabulary enhancement

It is a general understanding of good English language skills that one should refrain from using repetitive vocabulary too frequently during communication. The relevance of vocabulary cannot indeed be stressed enough. While the same not only adds polish to one’s communication skills in the English language, it is also an infallible way to score high marks in competitive exams like those of judicial services. A strong command of English vocabulary helps the candidates in truly unexpected ways when answering questions in the judiciary exams. Right from answering direct vocabulary questions to facilitating reading comprehension and answer writing, mastery over vocabulary provides an edge to the candidates throughout. Thus, we discuss below the easy and doable techniques to combat the challenge of learning vocabulary to equip the candidates to ace the judiciary exams.

Analysis of past year question papers 

The first and foremost thing that candidates must do to flag off their journey of improving their English language skills for judiciary exams is the analysis of the past year question papers to understand the format of the paper, the topics most frequently asked, and the pattern of questions asked. This should give them a fair idea of how and from where they need to start their preparation. This analysis will also guide their preparation to take it forward in the right direction. 

Techniques for expanding vocabulary 

Vocabulary books.

Reading vocabulary books is the simplest yet most effective way for judiciary aspirants to improve their vocabulary. These books not only provide different ways to memorise a wide range of vocabulary, but they also come with practice questions. One of the most famous and widely recommended books to prepare English vocabulary is the book by Norman Lewis: Word Power Made Easy . It is easily available on the market at an affordable price. It is an extremely engaging book written in a conversational style. Quite surely, this book would prove to be immensely helpful for the candidates in their journey of vocabulary learning.

Highlighting new vocabulary

While reading anything, whether a magazine, newspaper, or vocabulary book, the habit of highlighting new vocabulary would be extremely useful to draw attention to the highlighted portion. It helps us focus our attention on a particular point and also helps in memorise things faster. It is a tried and tested formula that whenever the candidates read anything and they find new vocabulary, they should highlight it, search for its meaning, and write it near the highlighted text (if it is possible). This way, they would be able to memorise the word and its meaning for longer. 

There is another modified way to practise this technique for even better results. The candidates must keep highlighters of different colours with them while reading. They should assign each colour to indicate the level of their familiarity with words. 

For instance, if a candidate has highlighters in pink, yellow, and green colours, they can use the pink colour to highlight words they do not know and whose meanings they will have to find out; they can use the yellow highlighter to mark words they know the meaning of but cannot easily recall and will have to look up again; and, lastly, they can use the green one to identify words they are very sure about.

This method is extremely effective, as firstly, the use of different colours tends to make a strong impression on the human mind, so the candidates would be able to remember the words for very long. Secondly, the candidates would be more driven to change the colour of the words from pink and yellow to green, which would help them learn more vocabulary and retain it better.

Mnemonics is the technique of memorising something by attaching some thought or memory to it. It is by far the most effective method to learn something by heart. Given the vastness of English vocabulary and the transient nature of human memory, mnemonics can prove to be a great way to cram up the vocabulary by attaching some other related memory to the words. This technique is invoked by using memory aids, including patterns, associations, or other imaginative devices, so that the new words become more memorable and easier to remember.

The best part about this technique is that there is no rule to govern the way in which connections between the memory and the words are to be made. It is absolutely dependent upon the reader as to how he or she can relate the word to any of his or her memories so that whenever that word comes before him or her, its meaning strikes him or her automatically. The candidates can relate the spelling of the word to something or the sound in which the word is pronounced to something. They may also create mental and visual images and associate the same with a word to make it more memorable. The memory of the word will stick better in the minds of the candidates when the mental picture is vivid. It can literally be anything under the sun to which the candidates can relate different words in order to memorise them. 

For instance, if the candidates are trying to learn the word ‘ cacophony ,’ which means some harsh sound or noise, they may create a picture of a cactus in their minds with all its sharp thorns to associate the same with the harshness of the sound. This way, they might not forget the word for a very long time. 

Vocabulary journal

A vocabulary journal is the simple technique of maintaining a record of the new vocabulary, its meaning, and its usage whenever the candidates encounter any new words. However, there is much more to it than just writing down words on paper. This technique requires the active participation of the candidates in engaging with new vocabulary. The candidates should spend enough time thinking about every word that is being recorded and include as many elements in their vocabulary journal as possible. 

The candidates may write the following things in their vocabulary journal:

• meaning of the words, 
• the usage of the words,
• examples of the new words, 
• category of the parts of speech to which the word belongs, and
• synonyms and antonyms thereof. 

The list is endless. The purpose is to make the candidate fully well-versed in the new vocabulary, its practical usage, and all its forms. 

This record will act as a bank of information for the purpose of revision at the time of the exams. The practice of writing about the new vocabulary will also reinforce the memory of the candidates, and thus, the information will be retained for longer. The same will also be helpful in bringing new words into the active vocabulary of the candidates. In other words, reading new words and their meanings and then also writing about them will make the candidates familiar with them, so they will tend to use them in daily parlance, thereby improving their spoken English as well.

Vocabulary games

Games and sports can make anything easy and fun. Even the challenging task of learning unending English vocabulary can become amusing when learnt through games. Playing vocabulary games is an enjoyable and interactive yet insightful way to improve one’s  vocabulary. These games are not only engaging but also effective in helping the acquisition and retention of new words. These games can either be played alone or with friends. The candidates can try both online and offline games and activities to learn vocabulary. The following vocabulary games can be played by the candidates:

• English crossword puzzles, wherein a grid has to be filled with different words after reading the given hints. This is easily available in newspapers and magazines. 
• Scrabble, which allows one to make new words and try their different forms, 
• Word search is also a useful way to identify different English words and discover new ones. 
• Taboo is extremely helpful in building strength in English vocabulary. In this game, the candidates have to describe a particular word without using that word itself or other words commonly related to it. The catch of the game lies in the capacity of the individuals to use different words or vocabulary to describe something. 
• The candidates can also install applications of dictionaries like Merriam-Webster which provide an array of different vocabulary games free of cost. It also presents the word of the day every day and presents the card of a new word each day along with its meaning and usage. 
• Vocabulary quizzes can also be played either with friends on the basis of their stock knowledge or they can play it on Google also.  

However, it is cautioned that candidates must play these games only for educational purposes. The ultimate purpose of recommending these games is to simplify and make the process of learning interesting. The candidates must not get addicted to these games, as then they may become a source of distraction.

Therefore, there are a variety of vocabulary games the candidates can play to build interest in learning vocabulary and further cultivate command over the same.

Extensive reading

Reading is a very fruitful exercise to build a grip on vocabulary. Voracious reading enables the readers to familiarise themselves with a lot of new English words along with their usage, which expands their existing stock of vocabulary. Synonyms, antonyms, spellings, etc. can be excelled at through extensive reading. Also, when we read avidly, we may come across the same words repeatedly, which can help us memorise those words subconsciously. It is not uncommon to hear from habitual readers that they know and use a lot of words and their usage, but they might not be able to define them as such. This is because when we read these words in a particular context, we can naturally assume their meaning, and hence we use them in day to day conversations. However, to be able to define these words, we may need to consult a dictionary. 

Nevertheless, even a faint idea about the meaning of words can help the judiciary aspirants big time, as we cannot, due to the limitations of human memory, memorise each and every thing. So, with an inkling about the different English words, we can surely eliminate the incorrect options. Moreover, through reading, the candidates can learn different idioms and phrases along with their usage.

Reading not only helps in improving English vocabulary, but it also elevates the comprehension skills of the candidates, which are required to understand and respond to lengthy paragraphs asked in the question paper. 

Therefore, the candidates can prepare for English vocabulary and ace their judiciary exams with these vocabulary acquisition techniques.

Mastery of grammar

The significance and value of English grammar cannot be emphasised enough. It is useful in almost every aspect of judiciary exams. Thus, it becomes crucial that candidates pay sufficient attention and devotion to improve their proficiency in English grammar. The following tips can help the candidates for this purpose.

Grammar books

Again, the simplest yet most impactful technique to learn English grammar is to resort to the old school learning method of reading a grammar book. Arguably, nothing would work better than this. Grammar books would teach English grammar in a systematic and easy manner. However, what is most important here is the choice of grammar book. There are an ample number of English grammar books available in the market; however, not every book can be referred to by the candidates to learn the subject. Rather, they must select a book whose author and publisher are credible and reputed. The candidates can refer to NCERT English grammar books , or they can also read the English grammar book by Wren & Martin.  

Extensive studying 

As stated earlier, extensive reading is a key to learning the English language. Apart from the above-mentioned ways in which reading can be useful for judiciary aspirants, it can truly teach writing skills to the candidates using different rules of grammar. It can present to the candidates the ways in which the rules of English grammar can be used most effectively to write impressively. Reading would illustrate the application of English grammar rules to them, thereby deepening their understanding of the subject. Also, extensive reading subconsciously trains our mind to grammatically correct sentences, so when we encounter any grammatically unsound sentence, we automatically tend to identify the error without even consulting any grammatical rule. So, ultimately, reading is a key to English grammar.

Writing exercises

Mere reading is not sufficient to build a grip over English grammar. The candidates must also practise the implementation of such grammar rules. It is an established fact that writing exercises complement and supplement the learning of English grammar. Writing not only enables us to implement the rules of grammar, but it also facilitates our learning of new rules. It allows us to explore the different ways in which grammar rules can be used to create a diverse variety of meaningful sentences. We truly understand the rules of grammar when we can use them to frame correct English sentences. The judiciary aspirants can practise answer writing or judgement writing, which will help them prepare for both English grammar and English writing. 

Professional courses

The aspirants can also take recourse to professional English language courses, which would formally teach them all the rules of the language. This would be a great option for those who have completely remained out of touch with the English language for a long period of time. The candidates can check out the courses offered by LawSikho , which are composed keeping in mind the factors relevant for people in the legal profession. These are comprehensive courses designed to make the process of learning the English language easy and interesting. The benefit of enrolling in such a professional course for learning the grammar of the English language is that it saves them a plenty of time and effort, which would otherwise be if the candidates decided to learn the language by themselves. Also, though self learning techniques like reading and writing may help in the long run, a professional course will ensure that the language is mastered in a limited time by limiting the consumption of resources to relevant and targeted topics.

Building reading comprehension skills

The skills of reading comprehension are developed with time and consistent effort. It is not a task that can be accomplished overnight. However, it is not an impossible task either. The candidates can cultivate the skills of reading comprehension with dedicated hard work using the following techniques:

• Active reading: Active reading is fundamental to reading comprehension. It involves annotating alongside the text, summarising, visualising, underlining, taking notes, and questioning while reading a given text. This helps with the critical analysis of the text in the minds of the readers. Active reading is possible only when the candidates dedicate all their attention to reading the text in order to extract not only the textual but also the underlying contextual meaning of the text.
• Initial skimming: Skimming through the text before a comprehensive reading is super useful in understanding the structure of the text and gaining prima facie insights about the same. This initial step of skimming can help the candidates a lot in situations where there is little time left to pore over the text thoroughly. This step can bring out the main argument of the text in no time. 
• Discussion on the text: Discussion on the text after reading it can improve its understanding greatly. However, since in exams, discussion is not possible, the candidates must inculcate the habit of introspecting about the text and taking notes thereafter to gain crystal like clarity on the same.
• Deep analysis of the text: The candidates must also try to uncover the latent meaning of the text, intention of the author, various undercurrents influencing the context of the text, etc. to develop a critical view of the given text. They can also try to identify certain binaries that the text may be establishing implicitly, which may be critically evaluated by them.
• Practice of reading comprehension: Another way to hone one’s skills in reading comprehension is to read on a daily basis. Also, one must read a variety of texts to build familiarity with them, as the judiciary exam may ask about any particular type of text. The consistent exercise of reading actively will not only increase the reading speed of the candidates but will also shape their comprehension abilities.

Therefore, it is advisable that candidates practise reading comprehension on a daily basis to master reading comprehension using the above techniques.

Developing writing skills

The significance of writing skills in judiciary exams cannot be emphasised enough. The candidates might be required to write essays on a diverse range of topics, summarise lengthy texts into compact paragraphs, arrange jumbled sentences in a meaningful order, etc. to qualify for the judiciary exams. It is also to be kept in mind by the candidates that in judiciary exams, they are not only expected to be proficient in ordinary English but also in legal English, which is like a gloss on the foundational English language skills. The usage of legal phraseology and jargon and the formalistic style of legal writing can fetch brownie points for the candidates. However, the task of building grip over such writing skills may appear to be daunting and overwhelming. To facilitate the process of acquiring such impressive writing skills, the candidates can follow the following techniques: 

• Extensive reading: At the cost of repetition, the candidates are implored to read extensively to be able to write well. While reading, they must pay attention to the grammar, style of writing, formalistic expressions used in legal writing, and vocabulary. They would also get to observe the different patterns or methods of writing used in legal writing. For example, a very common method of legal writing is IRAC, i.e. Issues, Rule, Application, and Conclusion. This means that whenever the candidates have to write about a legal issue, they must first state the problem, then the law governing that problem, the application of the law to the issue, and then the conclusion. There can be other methods, like an introduction, body, illustrations/ case laws, conclusion, etc., for structuring legal writing, which would improve the writing skills of the candidates.
• Practice: Practise writing exercises daily. Simply reading is not sufficient, but the candidates must also practise their learning through writing exercises regularly.  The candidates can also get their writing reviewed by a third person, like their friend or teacher, for a third party perspective to get further suggestions and feedback to further improve their writing skills. 
• Outlining and structuring the text: Before the candidates begin writing, they must sketch out an outline of their answer so that it is coherent. Generally, every answer starts with an introduction to the topic, and after a comprehensive analysis of the issues raised in question, it ends with a conclusion. 

In legal writing, answers must have references to provisions of law or legal concepts by various jurists, illustrations, explanations, case laws, etc. that not only back up the analysis of the candidates but also leave a refined impression on the evaluator. The candidates must also try to establish connections between legal concepts and current issues to show their relevance.

• The candidates must remember to keep their sentences short and crisp. Lengthy and verbose sentences may not only ruin the flow of the reader but also confuse them. Also, organise your writing into paragraphs with the scheme of ‘one paragraph, one idea’. A paragraph itself must not be very lengthy, and it should be changed at appropriate places. 
• The candidates must not use abbreviations without mentioning their full form where the word is used for the first time. For instance, if the candidates have to write about PIL in India, they should mention its full form along with the abbreviation first, like Public Interest Litigation (hereinafter referred to as PIL). The candidates must also refrain from using abbreviations that are not commonly used.
• It is to be kept in mind that the use of flowery and flamboyant language will not make any difference if the content is not promising. Moreover, if the evaluator does not understand such language, it may take a toll on the marks of the candidates. Thus, the candidates should avoid using fancy language and instead focus on delivering solid content with easy and commonly used language and vocabulary. 

Therefore, these are a few tips that the candidates can follow to improve their English writing skills for the judiciary exams.

Tips and tricks for improving english language

Mock tests and practise .

Mock tests are an indispensable part of the preparation journey for any competitive exam. They are important because they can simulate the same experience as that of an actual exam, which works wonders in preparing strategies to excel at it. Most importantly, the analysis of these mock tests can reveal a great deal of information about the important topics that need to be revisited or prepared by the candidates. As regards the English language, the mock tests and analysis thereof can help in acquiring vocabulary and practising writing and reading comprehension skills. 

Time management 

Mock tests will also help the candidates practise proper time management for the exam. Otherwise, the candidates must also strategise the utilisation of the time. More time would be required for the essay type questions and questions relating to paraphrasing, jumbled paragraphs, precis writing, etc., and comparatively less time would be consumed in solving multiple choice questions; thus, accordingly, the time should be devoted by the candidates. A general strategy to save time and score high is that the candidates must first skim through the paper and answer all those questions that they are completely sure about, and then they must proceed to answer those questions that would require contemplation and analysis. This way, the candidates will never miss out on at least the easy questions on the paper. 

Test-taking strategies

It is advisable that the candidates strategise their mock tests to make the best use of them. They must take their mock tests for the same duration as the actual exam so that their brains will be conditioned to work efficiently during that time period. For instance, if the exam is going to take place from 9 a.m. to 12 p.m., the candidates must attempt the mock tests during this time only to get themselves accustomed to working with full concentration for this duration. Moreover, they must analyse the mocks and take notes on the questions asked therein after completion. 

Other strategies 

Reading newspapers, magazines, or novels would be instrumental in refining the English language skills of the judiciary aspirants. They will also help in updating the candidates’ knowledge of current affairs, which form a significant component of the judiciary exams. Similarly, they may take recourse to various social media platforms that facilitate the learning of the English language in an engaging and interesting manner. Even watching English movies and listening to English songs can also upgrade the English language skills of the candidates. 

However, the candidates must ensure that they are using social media or entertainment sources only for informational purposes. It should not become an addiction or a distraction for them. Thus, the bottom line of this learning process is to be in touch with the language as much as possible, so that answers to questions about the language come naturally to the candidates. 

The English language is not the first or second language for many of us, so it is quite natural to falter in it. However, given its importance, it is a significant constituent of many competitive exams in India, including judicial services exams. Thus, it becomes imperative for the aspirants to be proficient in the language. This learning process is time taking and challenging; however, with the right guidance and tips, one can surely ace it. As much as the English language portion of the judicial services exam is difficult, it is also a great avenue for scoring marks. Hence, the candidates must try to learn the language by following the abovementioned techniques to deepen their command of the language and earn high marks in the judiciary exams.

All the very best! 

General FAQs on improving the english language skills in judiciary exams

How much time should one dedicate to the preparation of the english language.

The candidates must set day wise goals for completing the abovementioned syllabus of the English language paper in judiciary exams and study till the goal of the day is achieved. Generally, 2-3 hours of study a day should be sufficient for preparing for this exam. This time period may vary according to the learning capacity of the candidate and the time left for the exam. 

How and from where should one start the preparation?

Starting the preparation of this exam on the right note is important. Thus, firstly, analyse the past year question papers and understand the pattern of questions and important areas for preparation. Thereafter, one should start the preparation by studying the topic one finds the most engaging. Take mock tests and practise questions to build interest first, and then engage in the rest of the preparation for the subject.

Is there any recommended source for preparing the english language?

As stated above, the candidates may refer to books like the NCERT English grammar books, the English Grammar book by Wren & Martin, and the book by Norman Lewis: Word Power Made Easy . Apart from this, they can read renowned and credible English newspapers, focusing mainly on the editorial portions thereof.

What are the important english language topics that one must cover?

Although it is recommended that the candidates cover the entire syllabus of the English language paper as mentioned above , there are certain topics that they cannot afford to miss. These topics include essay writing, precis writing, grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehensions, translations, subject-verb agreement, etc. These must be prepared comprehensively by the candidates, as they are frequently asked in the judiciary exams. 

How can I use social media to prepare for the english language?

As mentioned above, social media can prove to be useful in preparing for the judiciary exams. The candidates can rely on reliable educational and informative websites, social media pages, YouTube channels, etc. that teach vocabulary, tips for answer writing, or communication skills for the interview. There are many channels on social media that also teach non-verbal communication tips for excelling in the interview. However, the candidates should be careful not to develop an addiction to social media while using it for infotainment purposes.

Can I prepare for the english language paper of the judicial services exam by myself? 

Yes, the preparation of the English language paper for the judicial services exam can be done by following a study schedule prepared by following the above strategies. 

FAQs on the strategies to attempt the english language section in judiciary exams

How do i manage time while attempting the section on the english language.

As said above, first, the candidates must attempt those questions that can be easily answered in less time. Thereafter, the lengthy and descriptive questions must be attempted by the candidates to save time and take the exam efficiently.

How do I eliminate incorrect options?

There can be two ways in which the incorrect options can be eliminated by the candidates: 

• first, either the candidates would directly know that certain options are clearly incorrect and so would eliminate them; 
• second, if possible, the candidates can eliminate the options by understanding the context. If certain options are completely unfit according to the context, then they can be outright eliminated.

FAQs on the writing component of english language section in judicial exams

How do i write eloquently in the judiciary exams.

To write eloquently, the candidates must first decide on an outline for their essay or answer. An outline would determine the scope of the answer, and then the relevant content must be filled in by the candidates. The answers or any piece of writing on that matter must necessarily commence with a brief introduction of the topic and end with an encapsulating conclusion establishing the final remarks of the author on that point. Moreover, the candidates should use easy and simple language and explain the concepts through illustrations, case laws, and the relevant law. The matter should be written in grammatically correct language with proper spelling and vocabulary.

What are the things to keep in mind while attempting the writing components of the English language section in judiciary exams?

There are a couple of things that a candidate should keep in mind while attempting the writing component. For instance, the grammar must be correctly used, the spellings should not be incorrect, and the crispness, coherence, and relevance of the matter must be maintained throughout. This will ensure that the candidates fetch good marks for the writing component.

How do I prepare for the translation questions?

For translation questions, it is important that candidates prepare not only the English language but also the other language from or into which the sentences will be translated (e.g., English to Hindi) or retranslated (e.g., Hindi to English), respectively. Therefore, the candidates should study from the diglot versions (for example, bare acts both in English and Hindi) of the bare acts so that they remain in touch with both languages. They can also refer to a relevant dictionary for this purpose. 

FAQs on the reading component of english language section in judiciary exams

How do i read quickly.

Reading is an extremely important component of the judiciary exams. Reading quickly will save a lot of time, which could be used by the candidates to answer difficult or lengthy questions. However, the ability to read quickly comes after a lot of reading practice. Nevertheless, they can follow this quick tip that wherever the language is very easy, just start skimming through those portions, but as jargon or typical language starts appearing, go slow and try to understand the text deeply. 

How do I improve reading comprehension?

As stated earlier, reading comprehension can be mastered only with assiduous practise of the same. So, without any shortcuts, the candidates must build the habit of reading voraciously every day. Read different kinds of texts and adopt the practice of active reading, as explained above . These tips will surely improve the reading comprehension skills of the candidates.

FAQs on the vocabulary component of english language section in judiciary exams

How do i memorise unending vocabulary.

It is absolutely true that vocabulary is unending, and it is a painstaking task to memorise the same. It is equally true that knowing all the vocabulary is not possible. However, the candidates’ aim should be to know the commonly used vocabulary. For the same, the candidates can try different creative methods like vocabulary games, journaling, mnemonics, etc. to learn vocabulary. All such techniques have been described above .

Do I need extensive active vocabulary for judiciary exams?

The knowledge of vocabulary of any individual can be classified into the categories of passive and active. Passive vocabulary is that knowledge of vocabulary that an individual may have but does not actively use in day-to-day parlance. 

On the other hand, active vocabulary is the knowledge of vocabulary that the candidates use in their daily speech. Merely passive vocabulary is not sufficient for judiciary aspirants, and they must have extensive active vocabulary so that they can answer the questions with full understanding, read and understand the text, and also write in an articulate manner.  

How do I upgrade my active vocabulary?

Active vocabulary can be improved by conscious application of the vocabulary learnt. The candidates must practise answer or judgement writing using the bank of vocabulary information that they must have gathered by reading. While practising for the interview stage, they must also try to articulate using appropriate and accurate words. If the candidates have adopted the technique of vocabulary journaling, then they must write two to three examples of every new word to understand the same in and out and to be able to use them actively in routine communication.

Is it necessary to use advanced vocabulary in judiciary exams to score well?

It is a general myth that the use of advanced and fancy vocabulary leads to good marks and impressions. However, contrary to this popular notion, the usage of simple and easy to understand vocabulary that can fully capture the intended meaning of the author and explain the same to the readers is valued the most. It is to be remembered that judiciary exams are not creative writing competitions; they instead aim to test the knowledge of the candidates and their ability to express it. Ultimately, the judicial officers will have to deal with ordinary people who may not be very conversant with the English language; thus, if the candidates are not able to express themselves simply, their advanced vocabulary and language skills will not be much use. Thus, the candidates must focus on building vocabulary, but they should not unnecessarily complicate their writing or speech just to flaunt their vocabulary. Rather, keep it simple and meaningful.

How do I improve my english pronunciation?

Candidates should also pay attention to their pronunciation, as the same will be evaluated in the interview. To improve pronunciation, the candidates must not forget to check the same when they search for the meaning of a new word. They can also mention some other word whose pronunciation they know to indicate the pronunciation of a word.

For example, to understand the pronunciation of the word ‘bow’, we may write ‘cow’ beside it to signify that both words are similarly pronounced. 

FAQs on the grammar component of english language section in judiciary exams

How do i remember the grammar rules.

There is no shortcut to remembering the grammar rules. The candidates have to understand them, and with continuous usage thereof, they will automatically become familiar. The candidates must, however, be selective about the source from which they study English grammar. As said earlier, the sources must be credible and insightful. Some of the credible sources can be found here .

How should one understand complicated grammar questions?

Complicated grammar questions will become understandable by the candidates only when they are familiar with the grammar rules. Moreover, familiarity with such questions can also be developed through mock tests and practice worksheets. Thus, the candidates must first do the homework of studying the grammar rules, and then they must practise them over and over to gain familiarity with the types of questions asked in the judiciary exams.

What are the unmissable grammar topics for judiciary exam preparation?

As reinforced time and again in this article, the candidates must first try to complete the whole syllabus and not leave any topic. However, if there is paucity of time or the candidates need to revise certain important topics, they must definitely cover topics such as parts of speech, subject-verb agreement, tenses, word formation, sentences, and idioms and phrases. This should give them a fair idea of the grammar rules commonly asked in judiciary exams.

Students of  Lawsikho courses  regularly produce writing assignments and work on practical exercises as a part of their coursework and develop themselves in real-life practical skills.

LawSikho has created a telegram group for exchanging legal knowledge, referrals, and various opportunities. You can click on this link and join:

https://t.me/lawyerscommunity

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Judicial Service Exams: State-Wise Prelims And Mains Syllabus and Eligibility

• Judiciary Exams
• June 19, 2024

The Judicial Service Examination is an entry-level test for law graduates and is conducted by various states in India. Notably, this exam is not conducted on an all-India basis. Successful candidates can secure positions such as district magistrates, additional district magistrates or district court judges in India.

Appointments are made by state governments under the supervision of their respective high courts, based on the results of the Judicial Services Examinations. Each High Court oversees the subordinate judiciary within its jurisdiction, with members commonly referred to as part of the judicial service or PCS (J) – State Civil Service Judicial. These members hold various positions, ranging from presiding officers of different courts to District Judges.

Judicial Service Examination State-Wise

Each state in India conducts its own Judicial Service exams with specific requirements and eligibility criteria. Currently, 24 states hold these exams almost every year:

In each state, there are specific requirements you need to meet to take the judiciary exam. These include things like how old you can be, how many times you can try the exam, which language you need to know and more.

Judicial Service Exams Eligibility

The eligibility criteria for the All India Judicial Service exam vary between lower and higher judiciary services.

Lower Judiciary Services

• Citizenship: Candidates must be Indian citizens.
• Educational Qualification: Candidates should hold either a 3-year LLB or a 5-year LLB degree.
• Enrollment: They must be enrolled or eligible for enrollment as an Advocate under the Advocates’ Act 1961.
• Final Year Students: Final year law students are also eligible to apply.
• Experience: No prior experience is required.
• Age Limit: The age limit generally ranges from 21 to 35 years, though some states allow an upper age limit of over 40 years.

Higher Judiciary Services

• Educational Qualification: Candidates must be law graduates.
• Experience: A minimum of seven years of litigating practice is typically required.

Application Process for Judicial Service Exams

The application process for judicial service exams can vary by state. It is essential for candidates to stay informed about upcoming exams as each state releases its application forms separately.

• Application Forms: States may release application forms on the official website of the state High Court or their respective Public Service Commission websites.
• Preliminary Exams: These exams are usually scheduled about a month after the application forms are made available.
• Application Fee: After filling out the application form, candidates must pay a prescribed fee, which varies for general and reserved categories.

Stages of Judicial Service Exams

To qualify as a civil judge/district magistrate/additional district magistrate, candidates must pass through three examination stages:

Judicial Service Exams Syllabus

The syllabus for Judicial Service exams varies by state, encompassing both procedural and substantive laws. While core legal principles remain consistent across states, variations exist in local languages and specific laws.

Judicial Service Syllabus Preliminary Examination

Indian Judicial Service Examination State Wise Subjects

Judicial Service Syllabus Mains Examination

The syllabus for each state’s mains exam is different. Below is a breakdown of the syllabus for the judicial service mains exam in various states:

Delhi Judicial Services Examination Syllabus

UP Judicial Services Syllabus

West Bengal Judicial Service Exam Syllabus

Bihar Judicial Service Exam Syllabus

MP Judiciary Exam Syllabus

Jharkhand Judiciary Syllabus

Goa Judicial Services Examination Syllabus

Haryana and Punjab Judiciary Syllabus

Odisha Judicial Service Exam Syllabus

Karnataka Judicial Service Exam Syllabus

Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Exam Syllabus

Rajasthan Judiciary Syllabus

Sikkim Judicial Service Exam Syllabus

Uttarakhand Judicial Service Exam Syllabus

Kerala Judicial Service Exam Syllabus

Other States Judicial Exam Syllabus

Restrictions for Candidates in Judicial Service Exams

Law graduates can apply for Judicial Service Exams in multiple states, with no restrictions on the number of states they can apply to. However, candidates must be aware of the following limitations:

Age Restriction

• The upper age limit for candidates varies by state, typically ranging from 32 to 48 years.
• Candidates should carefully check the age criteria specific to each state before applying.

Attempts Restriction

• The number of attempts allowed also varies by state.
• Some states permit up to 6 attempts, while others limit the number of attempts to 4.
• Candidates should consider the attempt limits when planning their applications.

These restrictions ensure that candidates meet the specific eligibility criteria of each state, maintaining a fair and competitive examination process.

You might like

Haryana Judiciary Exam 2024 

Bihar Judicial Services Examination: Syllabus, Books and Previous Year Papers

Rajasthan Judicial Services Examination: Syllabus, Books & Papers

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Essay on Judiciary

Students are often asked to write an essay on Judiciary in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Judiciary

Introduction to judiciary.

The judiciary is an important part of our government. It is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in legal cases.

Role of Judiciary

The judiciary’s main role is to ensure justice. They decide disputes between people, and between people and the government.

Judges and Their Function

Judges are the main part of the judiciary. They listen to cases, consider the evidence, and make fair decisions based on the law.

Importance of Judiciary

The judiciary is crucial for maintaining law and order. It protects our rights and ensures everyone is treated fairly.

250 Words Essay on Judiciary

Introduction, the role of the judiciary.

The judiciary’s primary role is to interpret and apply laws to specific cases, providing a platform for dispute resolution. It ensures the rule of law is upheld, where everyone, irrespective of their social, economic, or political status, is subject to the law and equal in its eyes.

Independence of Judiciary

The independence of the judiciary is a cornerstone principle ensuring impartiality. It is safeguarded by provisions such as security of tenure, fixed salaries, and the power of contempt, which collectively insulate judges from external pressures and influences.

Judicial Review

Judicial review is a powerful tool in the judiciary’s arsenal, allowing it to review the constitutionality of laws and governmental actions. This function serves as a check on legislative and executive powers, preventing any potential misuse or overreach.

Challenges to Judiciary

Despite its critical role, the judiciary faces several challenges. These include backlog of cases, limited accessibility, and allegations of corruption. Addressing these issues is crucial to ensure the judiciary’s effectiveness and credibility.

In summary, the judiciary is a vital institution in any democratic society. Its independence, power of judicial review, and role in upholding the rule of law are fundamental to maintaining justice and order. However, it is equally important to address the challenges it faces to ensure its continued effectiveness.

500 Words Essay on Judiciary

The role and importance of the judiciary, the structure of the judiciary.

Judicial systems vary widely among countries. However, a common feature is a multi-tiered structure. At the lowest level are courts that handle minor civil and criminal cases. Appeals from these courts are heard by higher courts, culminating in a supreme or constitutional court. These highest courts typically deal with questions of constitutional interpretation and judicial review of legislation.

Independence of the Judiciary

Judicial independence is a cornerstone of the rule of law. It ensures that judges can make decisions free from political pressure or personal bias. A judiciary that is independent can uphold the principle of separation of powers, preventing any branch of government from becoming too powerful. Judicial independence is safeguarded through various mechanisms, including security of tenure, transparent appointment processes, and protection from arbitrary removal.

Judicial Review and Checks and Balances

The judiciary and human rights.

The judiciary plays a crucial role in safeguarding human rights. Courts interpret and apply human rights law, providing remedies when rights are violated. They also play a normative role, shaping societal understanding of human rights through their judgments. In many jurisdictions, the judiciary has been instrumental in advancing social justice, using the law to challenge discrimination and inequality.

Challenges Facing the Judiciary

Despite its crucial role, the judiciary faces several challenges. These include corruption, political interference, and limited resources, which can undermine its effectiveness and public confidence in its decisions. Moreover, the judiciary often has to navigate complex societal issues and balance competing interests, making its role both challenging and controversial.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

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All About Judiciary Exam: Eligibility, Pattern, Syllabus.

• by Social Laws Today
• March 24, 2023
• 10 minutes read

Table of Contents

What is Judiciary Exam

In India, the Judiciary Exam is commonly known as the Judicial Services Examination (JSE) or the Judicial Service Exam (JSE). It is conducted by the State Public Service Commissions or the High Court of the respective states to recruit candidates for the position of Civil Judge or Judicial Magistrate.

Eligibility Criteria:

1.         The candidate must be an Indian citizen.

2.         Bachelor’s degree in law from a recognized university is a must for every appearing candidate.

3.         The candidate must be within the age limit of 21 to 35 years, although the age limit may vary depending on the state and category of the candidate.

Exam Pattern

The exam is conducted in three stages:

1.         Preliminary examination – This is an objective-type examination that tests the candidate’s knowledge of the law, general knowledge, and reasoning abilities.

2.         Mains examination – This is a written examination that tests the candidate’s knowledge of substantive law, procedural law, and local laws.

3.         Viva-voce or Interview – This stage tests the candidate’s personality, communication skills, and understanding of the law.

Subject-wise Syllabus for Judiciary exam

The syllabus for the judiciary exam varies slightly from state to state, but the core subjects remain the same. Here is the syllabus subject-wise for the judiciary exam and their probable weightage in the exam:

1.         Civil Law:

•           Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) – 25%

•           Indian Contract Act – 20%

•           Specific Relief Act – 5%

•           Limitation Act – 5%

2.         Criminal Law:

•           Indian Penal Code (IPC) – 35%

•           Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) – 25%

•           Indian Evidence Act – 15%

3.         Constitutional Law:

•           Constitution of India – 10%

•           Transfer of Property Act – 5%

•           Land Acquisition Act – 5%

4.         Evidence Law – 15%

5.         general knowledge:.

•           Current Affairs – 10%

•           Indian Legal and Constitutional History – 10%

It is important to note that the weightage of each subject may vary depending on the state conducting the exam. It is advisable to refer to the official notification released by the respective state’s judicial services commission for accurate information about the syllabus and weightage.

Preparation Tips:

1.         Understand the exam pattern and syllabus thoroughly.

2.         Read and revise the bare acts, case laws, and legal concepts regularly.

3.         Solve previous year’s papers and take mock tests to improve time management and accuracy.

4.         Stay updated with current affairs, especially those related to the legal field.

5.         Practice writing answers and presenting arguments in a concise and structured manner.

How is the Judiciary exam different than other UPSC or Administrative exams

The judiciary exam is different from other UPSC or administrative exams in several ways:

1.         Exam Pattern:

The judiciary exam has a different exam pattern compared to other UPSC or administrative exams. It typically consists of objective-type questions, essay writing, and descriptive questions related to various aspects of the law. On the other hand, UPSC and other administrative exams have a different pattern that usually includes multiple-choice questions, essay writing, and descriptive questions related to general knowledge, current affairs, and aptitude.

2.         Syllabus:

The judiciary exam syllabus focuses exclusively on the legal domain, and it includes subjects such as civil law, criminal law, constitutional law, and evidence law. In contrast, the syllabus for UPSC and other administrative exams covers a broader range of subjects, including general knowledge, current affairs, aptitude, and specific subject areas depending on the job role.

3.         Eligibility Criteria:

The eligibility criteria for the judiciary exam are different from other UPSC or administrative exams. To appear for the judiciary exam, a candidate must have a degree in law and meet other eligibility criteria set by the respective state or high court. In contrast, to appear for UPSC or other administrative exams, a candidate must have a minimum educational qualification specified for the particular exam.

4.         Job Role:

The job role of a judicial officer is different from other administrative positions. Judicial officers are responsible for interpreting and enforcing the law, while administrative officers are responsible for the implementation and execution of government policies and programs.

5.         Recruitment Process:

The recruitment process for the judiciary exam is different from other UPSC or administrative exams. The respective state’s or high court’s recruitment body conducts the recruitment of judicial officers in most cases. The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) recruits candidates for UPSC and other administrative positions.

Benefits of Being a Judicial Officer in India   

The position of a judge in India comes with various perks and privileges. Some of the main perks of being a judge in India are:

1.         Salary: Judges in India are well-compensated for their work. Additionally, The salary of a judge varies depending on their rank and jurisdiction, but it is generally very competitive.

2.         Job Security: The position of a judge is considered one of the most secure jobs in the country. Judges are appointed for a fixed tenure, and they can only be removed through a rigorous impeachment process.

3.         Prestige and Respect: Judges hold a high level of respect in society. The public holds judges in high esteem, considering them as guardians of justice.

4.         Housing and Transport: Judges are provided with government-funded housing and transport facilities. The government provides judges with official residences and cars, which are maintained and serviced by the government itself.

5.         Medical Facilities: Government hospitals and health centers provide free medical treatment to judges and their families as part of their entitlement. Furthermore, they are also provided with medical insurance coverage.

6.         Legal Immunity: Judges are granted legal immunity for their judicial actions, which means they cannot be held legally responsible for their official actions while serving as judges. They cannot be sued for their judicial decisions, provided they act in good faith and within the scope of their jurisdiction.

Legal Immunities granted to Judges under various Laws

Legal immunity is a protection granted to judges to prevent them from being held personally liable for their judicial actions. It is intended to ensure that judges can perform their duties without fear of personal consequences or retaliation. In India, legal immunity for judges is provided by several laws, including the Constitution of India, the Code of Civil Procedure, and the Code of Criminal Procedure.

Article 361 of the Constitution

Article 361 of the Constitution of India provides that the President and Governors of the States, and their official acts, shall not be answerable to any court. Judges are considered constitutional functionaries and this immunity extends to them.

Article 121 of the Constitution

Under Article 121 of the Constitution provides that no discussion shall take place in Parliament with respect to the conduct of any judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court in the discharge of his duties, except upon a motion for presenting an address to the President.

Under CPC and CrPC

The Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) and the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) also provide immunity to judges. Section 77 of the CPC provides that no judge shall be liable to arrest or detention in any civil suit, except for contempt of court. Moreover, it is worth noting that Section 225 of the CrPC provides that no judge shall be compelled to appear in person before any court, except for contempt of court..

Judges are also immune from civil and criminal liability for their judicial actions, and this principle is based on the common law principle of ‘judicial independence’. This immunity is essential to ensure that judges can perform their duties without fear or favor. However, it is important to note that judges can only be held liable for their judicial actions if they act maliciously or in bad faith. Moreover, judges cannot be held liable for any errors or mistakes made in the discharge of their judicial duties, and this immunity extends to their judicial decisions.

In summary, judges in India enjoy legal immunity under the Constitution of India, the Code of Civil Procedure, and the Code of Criminal Procedure. This immunity protects them from personal liability for their judicial actions and ensures that they can perform their duties without fear of consequences. Furthermore, it is important to note that this immunity is not absolute and does not extend to actions taken outside of their judicial duties or to actions taken maliciously or in bad faith. Nonetheless, the legal immunity granted to judges is crucial to ensure their independence and impartiality in dispensing justice.

Frequently Asked Questions about Judiciary Exam

1.         what is the judiciary exam.

The judiciary exam is an exam conducted to recruit candidates for the position of Judicial officer in various state-level and high courts in India.

2.         What are the eligibility criteria for the judiciary exam?

The eligibility criteria for the judiciary exam vary from state to state, but typically, a candidate must have a law degree from a recognized university, be an Indian citizen, and meet other age and physical fitness criteria.

3.         What is the syllabus for the judiciary exam?

The syllabus for the judiciary exam includes subjects such as civil law, criminal law, constitutional law, evidence law, and other related legal topics.

4.         What is the exam pattern for the judiciary exam?

The exam pattern for the judiciary exam may vary from state to state, but typically, it includes multiple-choice questions, essay writing, and descriptive questions related to various aspects of the law.

5.         How can I prepare for the judiciary exam?

You can prepare for the judiciary exam by studying the syllabus thoroughly, practicing previous years’ question papers, and taking mock tests. Moreover, joining a coaching institute, or self-studying can also be an effective method of preparation.

6.         Is coaching necessary to crack the judiciary exam?

Coaching is not necessary to crack the judiciary exam, but it can be helpful in understanding the exam pattern, and syllabus, and gaining guidance from experienced faculty members.

7.         What is the selection process for the judiciary exam?

The selection process for the judiciary exam includes a preliminary exam, a main exam, and an interview. The candidates who clear the preliminary exam are eligible to appear for the mains exam, and those who clear the mains exam are eligible for the interview.

8.         What is the salary of a judicial officer?

The salary of a judicial officer varies from state to state and depends on various factors such as experience, designation, and location. However, the starting salary for a judicial officer is usually around Rs. 27,700 per month.

9.         Can I appear for the judiciary exam from any state?

No, you can only appear for the judiciary exam of the state in which you hold a domicile or have been a resident for a certain period.

10.       How many attempts can I take for the judiciary exam?

The number of attempts for the judiciary exam may vary from state to state. Whereas, Some states have a maximum age limit, while others have a maximum number of attempts limit. It is best to check with the respective state’s judiciary exam authority for the exact details.

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CBSE Class 12 Notice Writing Questions 2024-2025: Download Practice Questions by CBSE

Cbse class 12 english notice writing: cbse has released practice questions for class 12 notice writing. these questions are important to practise for cbse board exam 2025. download all questions and answers in pdf here..

Notice Writing Questions for CBSE Class 12: Notice Writing is an important part of the CBSE Class 12 English curriculum. A question on it is asked in the Section for Creative Writing Skills in CBSE board exams. Students must practice questions on notice writing to enhance their writing skills, familiarize themselves with the format, and effectively communicate key information in a concise and clear manner.

This article presents the Class 12 Notice Writing Practice Questions which have been recently released by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) on its website, cbse.gov.in.

CBSE Class 12 Notice Writing Practice Questions are an important resource for students to thoroughly prepare for the CBSE Class 12 Board Exam 2025. All questions are provided with answers and marking scheme to help students understand the correct format for notice writing and grasp the step-wise marks distribution.

Related: CBSE Class 12 English Syllabus 2024-2025

CBSE Class 12 Notice Writing Practice Questions 2024-25

Q.1  You are Rahee/Rishabh, secretary of the Career Counselling Cell of your school. Write a notice in about 50 words, informing the students about an upcoming interactive session on 'How to Succeed as a Digital Content Creator' by Kriti Kumar, a renowned YouTube influencer.

Q.2 You are Divyansh Arya/Vanshika Saraf, incharge officer of the Churu Nath Sanctuary. Recently, some officers have complained about incidents of elephant hunting in the sanctuary. Write a notice in about 50 words highlighting that elephants are an endangered species and hunting is a punishable offence.

Q.3 You are Susheel/Susheela, Secretary of Mandakini Apartments Residents Committee. The elevator in your building is out of order. Write a notice in not more than 50 words informing the residents of the building about it and urging them to use the staircase till the elevator is functional again. Mention all the necessary details.

Q.4 As the manager of a nature park, write a notice in about 50 words prohibiting visitors from consuming any food items or beverages in the premises and warning them against littering.

Q.5 You are Maisnam Kalita, a resident of Lakeview Heights, Tezpur, Assam. The Resident Welfare Association (RWA) is holding a meeting to discuss the guidelines on allowing pets in the society's park. Write a notice in about 50 words informing residents about the meeting and urging them to attend.

Q.6 You are Jobin Chatterjee, the president of the Environment Club in your school. The club is organising a screening of the award‐winning documentary 'The Elephant Whisperers' after school hours on 12th August in honour of World Elephant Day. Write a notice in about 50 words inviting students to attend.

Q.7 As the captain of the swimming team of Bridge Public School, Uttarakhand, draft a notice in not more than 50 words informing students about a workshop on 'Swimming as Exercise' which includes a talk by a national record holder. You are Shaily Pallar.

Q.8 You are Aaron Mascarenhas, a grade XII student of Achiever's High School, Kerala. Your school is organising a flea market where students can barter second‐hand items as part of Environment Sustainability Week. Draft a notice in about 50 words informing students about the event and urging them to bring items for exchange that they were not using anymore or were planning to dispose of.

Q.9 As the editor of the student's annual research journal at Maharana Pratap Public School, Rajasthan, draft a notice in about 50 words for the school notice board urging students to submit their research articles for review by a given deadline. Clearly state that students should include their topic, an abstract, and their sources of information in the article. You are Suman Zaidi.

Q.10 You are Raghav Kumar, a resident of Gauri Vihar, New Delhi. New swings will be installed in the residential playground due to which the gates will be closed between 9 a.m. and 2 p.m. every day from 7–11 March, 2024. Draft a notice in about 50 words informing residents of the same.

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Q.12 You are Aravind Bala, a member of the dance club in your school. The club is organising dance performances for the annual Teachers' Day programme. Draft a notice in about 50 words informing students of Classes VIII–XII to audition for the performances.

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Supreme Court of India: 75 years journey

Last updated on September 2, 2024 by ClearIAS Team

The Supreme Court of India, established on January 28, 1950, has completed 75 years of its existence, marking a significant milestone in the country’s judicial history. Over the years, the Supreme Court has played a crucial role in shaping India’s legal and constitutional landscape. Read here to learn more.

The Prime Minister unveiled a stamp and coin commemorating 75 years of the establishment of the Supreme Court on August 31, 2024.

The President unveiled the new flag and insignia of the Supreme Court to mark the 75th year. The flag features the Ashoka Chakra, the Supreme Court building and the book of the Constitution of India.

Here are some key highlights and reflections on the 75-year journey of the Supreme Court.

Table of Contents

History of the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of India, the highest judicial authority in the country, has a rich history that dates back to the pre-independence era.

Pre-Independence Period

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• Federal Court of India (1937-1950) : Before the Supreme Court was established, India had the Federal Court, created under the Government of India Act of 1935. The Federal Court functioned from 1937 to 1950, handling disputes between provinces and hearing appeals from lower courts.

Post-Independence Formation

• Constitutional Establishment (1950) : The Supreme Court of India was established on January 28, 1950, two days after the Constitution of India came into effect.
• The Court was created to serve as the apex judicial body, replacing the Federal Court and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London, the final court of appeal during British rule.
• First Proceedings : The Supreme Court held its inaugural session in the Chamber of Princes in the Parliament building, before moving to its current premises on Tilak Marg in New Delhi in 1958.
• Back then, the sanctioned strength of the Court was just eight. Six judges were present in the Court’s inaugural session on 28 January 1950: Chief Justice Harilal Kania, and Justices S. Fazl Ali, Patanjali Shastri, Mehr Chand Mahajan, B.K. Mukherjea, and S.R. Das. Justice N.C. Aiyar was appointed in September 1950. A year later, Justice Vivian Bose came on board to complete the o riginal roster of eight.
• Considering the workload, Parliament increased the number of Judges from 8 in 1950 to 11 in 1956; 14 in 1960; 18 in 1978; 26 in 1986; 31 in 2009 and 34 in 2019 (current strength).

Read:  History of Indian Judiciary

The 75-year Journey of the Supreme Court

Constitutional Guardian:

• Role as the Custodian of the Constitution : The Supreme Court has been the ultimate interpreter and guardian of the Indian Constitution. Landmark judgments like Kesavananda Bharati vs. State of Kerala (1973), which established the Basic Structure Doctrine, affirm the Court’s commitment to preserving the Constitution’s core values.
• Judicial Review : The power of judicial review, exercised by the Supreme Court, ensures that any law or executive action inconsistent with the Constitution can be struck down, thus maintaining the rule of law and constitutional supremacy.

Landmark Judgments:

• Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973) : The Court ruled that while Parliament has wide powers to amend the Constitution, it cannot alter its “basic structure.” This judgment has been pivotal in preserving democratic governance.
• S. R. Bommai vs. Union of India (1994) : This case defined the limitations on the use of Article 356 (President’s Rule) and reinforced the federal structure of the Indian polity.
• Vishakha vs. State of Rajasthan (1997) : The Court laid down guidelines to prevent sexual harassment of women in the workplace, leading to the enactment of specific legislation on the issue.
• Right to Privacy (2017) : In Justice K.S. Puttaswamy vs. Union of India, the Court declared the right to privacy as a fundamental right under the Indian Constitution.

Evolution of Jurisprudence:

• The Supreme Court has contributed to the evolution of Indian jurisprudence, particularly in areas like human rights, gender justice, environmental protection, and social justice. Its progressive interpretation of fundamental rights has expanded the scope of civil liberties in India.
• Public Interest Litigation (PIL) : The Court pioneered the concept of PIL , allowing greater access to justice for the marginalized and ensuring that the judiciary addresses broader societal concerns.

Important points related to the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of India is the apex judicial body under the Constitution of India.

• Constitutional Framework: Articles 124 to 147 of Part V of the Indian Constitution outline the organisation, independence, jurisdiction, powers, and procedures of the Supreme Court. Parliament has the authority to regulate these provisions.

Appointment Process:

• Chief Justice of India: Appointed by the President after consulting with selected judges from the Supreme Court and High Courts.
• Other Judges: Appointed by the President after consulting the Chief Justice of India and additional judges from both Supreme and High Courts.
• Consultation Requirement: The Chief Justice of India must be consulted for the appointment of any judge other than the Chief Justice.

Eligibility Criteria:

To be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court:

• A person must be a citizen of India and;
• Must have been, for at least five years, a judge of a High Court or two or more such Courts in succession, or;
• An advocate of a High Court or two or more such courts in succession for at least 10 years or;
• He must be, in the opinion of the President, a distinguished jurist.

Provisions exist for the appointment of a judge of a High Court as an Ad-hoc Judge of the Supreme Court and for retired judges of the Supreme Court or High Courts to sit and act as judges of that Court.

Removal of Judges: A Supreme Court judge can be removed by the President following an address by Parliament, supported by a two-thirds majority of members present and voting, on grounds of proven misbehaviour or incapacity.

Language and Regulation:

• Language: Proceedings are conducted in English.
• Rules: The Supreme Court Rules, 1966, and 2013, under Article 145, govern its practice and procedure.

Independence of the Supreme Court

The Constitution seeks to ensure the independence of Supreme Court Judges in various ways.

• A judge of the Supreme Court cannot be removed from office except by an order of the President passed after an address in each House of Parliament supported by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of members present and voting, and presented to the President in the same Session for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity.
• A person who has been a judge of the Supreme Court is debarred from practising in any court of law or before any other authority in India.
• Supreme Court Rules, 1966 and Supreme Court Rules 2013 are framed under Article 145 of the Constitution to regulate the practice and procedure of the Supreme Court.
• Judges’ salaries and benefits are set by Parliament and charged on the Consolidated Fund, ensuring financial stability and independence.
• Judges’ conduct cannot be discussed by Parliament or State Legislatures, except in impeachment proceedings (Article 121).
• The Court can punish contempt to maintain its authority (Article 129).
• The Chief Justice of India appoints staff and determines their service conditions without executive interference.
• Parliament cannot reduce the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction but can extend it.
• Article 50 mandates the separation of the judiciary from the executive, ensuring no executive influence in judicial matters.

Significance of the Supreme Court

• Ensures the Constitution’s supremacy and protects Fundamental Rights through writs under Article 32.
• Acts as the final arbiter of legal disputes and ensures just application of laws through judicial review.
• Promotes social justice, protects marginalised communities, and upholds human rights.
• Serves as a check on the executive branch, ensuring actions are legally within limits.

Challenges and Controversies

• Judicial Activism vs. Overreach : The Supreme Court has often been praised for its activism, but there have also been concerns about judicial overreach , where the Court is perceived to have encroached upon the domains of the executive and legislature.
• Transparency and Accountability : The judiciary has faced criticism regarding the transparency of the collegium system for the appointment of judges . Efforts to reform and bring greater transparency to the process have been ongoing.

Way Forward

• Digitization and Access to Justice : The Supreme Court has embraced digitization, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, to ensure that justice delivery is not hindered. The introduction of e-courts and virtual hearings has been a significant step towards making justice more accessible.
• Judicial Reforms : As the Supreme Court looks to the future, there is a continuous need for judicial reforms to address issues like the backlog of cases, delays in justice delivery, and improving the efficiency of the legal system.

The 75 years of the Supreme Court of India represent a journey of upholding democracy, protecting fundamental rights, and ensuring justice for all. As it moves forward, the Court’s role in adapting to changing societal needs while adhering to constitutional principles will continue to be crucial for India’s democracy.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q. What is the tenure of Supreme Court judges?

Ans: The Constitution does not have any fixed tenure for a judge of the Supreme Court. However, it makes the following provisions in this regard: – He holds the office until he attains the age of 65 years. Question regarding his age is to be determined by such authority and in such manner as provided by Parliament.

Q. Has India had a female Chief Justice?

Ans: On 5 August 1991 – nearly 130 years since the first high court was established in India – Leila Seth became the first female Chief Justice, serving at Himachal Pradesh High Court. Leila Seth was a pioneer who made it possible for many other Indian women to pursue careers in law.

Related articles:

• Judicial Infrastructure in India
• Indianisation of Judiciary
• Women in Judiciary
• High courts in India
• The judiciary

-Article by Swathi Satish

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