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MIT expert recaps 30-plus years of enterprise architecture

Tracy Mayor

Aug 10, 2020

Over the course of three decades, Jeanne Ross built a reputation as a leading organizational theorist who connects viscerally with senior technology executives and the challenges they face.

At the MIT Center for Information Systems Research, Ross developed a career-defining passion for enterprise architecture , a strategy she defines as “designing your people, processes, and technology so that you can meet customers’ expectations and offer new digital offerings that solve their problems.”

Known also for her research on IT governance and digital design, Ross focused most recently on how companies formulate and execute business strategies around digital technologies — social, mobile, analytics, cloud, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence.

In a video conversation with CISR chairman Peter Weill, her longtime collaborator and co-author, Ross reflected on her career as she retires from MIT and shared some of her hard-won wisdom. A sampling:

Visibility into IT doesn’t come easily

Ross fell into information systems by chance. She was teaching undergraduate accounting at St. Norbert College in Wisconsin when the dean called her into his office asked her to teach management information systems. “I said, ‘I don't know anything about management information systems,’ and he said, ‘Oh, don't worry. It's just like accounting,’” Ross recalled. “I have to tell you, MIS is nothing like accounting.”

Ross got her PhD in MIS “only to be less incompetent,” but said even then she still didn’t feel like she understood IT. “I really only understood one thing, and that was that many people felt they were spending way too much money on IT in their company and getting very little value for it. That was a problem that I wanted to help solve.”

Enterprise architecture is the key to IT success . . .

At CISR, Ross began studying companies “that seemed to be making progress on this problem that so fascinated me” – eventually completing more than 50 case studies during her tenure. “I loved every one of them, the stories of ups and downs and the trauma and excitement as they overcame the obstacles to getting value from IT,” Ross recalled.

By the mid-90s, Ross started to see a pattern among companies that were having success in their efforts at enterprise architecture — that is, the organizing logic for business processes and IT infrastructure. “A few companies were actually designing the interrelationships between people, processes, and technology to derive more value from IT. In other words, they were doing enterprise architecture,” Ross said.

“What I learned with my colleagues is that the trick to getting value from enterprise architecture is to commit to the long haul,” Ross said. “This is not an initiative or a project. This is an approach to managing your company.”

. . . but many companies falter along the way

Ross and CISR researchers established that companies go through five stages of enterprise architecture maturity — moving from business silos to standardized technology to optimized core to business modularity and then a digital ecosystem .

Stage three — using technology to guide people through optimal enterprise processes like supply chain, accounts payable, billing, and sales — is where companies really begin to derive value from IT, Ross said. “We watched Lego , PepsiAmericas , USAA , and CEMEX put in enterprise systems that really worked and created huge value for their companies,” Ross said, citing several of CISR’s corporate research partners.

chart showing the five stages of enterprise architecture maturity from MIT CISR

Unfortunately, stage three was where a lot of firms got stuck, sometimes seriously so. “We observed massive failures in business transformations that frankly were lasting six, eight, 10 years. It’s so hard because it's an exercise in reductionism, in tight focus,” Ross said.

Instead of trying to fix and optimize all its processes, a company should identify its most important data — as examples, Ross cited package data at UPS, customer data at USAA, and supply chain data at Lego.

“We find this most important data, and we find a few processes that capture it accurately and use it well, and in doing that, we build the essence of the digitized platform that we need to exist as a company,” she said.

In coaching firms, storytelling is a skill and a gift

Ross worked with Weill more than 20 years, writing three books together and conducting dozens of research projects and hundreds of executive briefings around the world. He cited her “unique capability to get to the crux of an issue” and during their conversation told her, “One of the things I've admired about you over all the years is your storytelling ability. You take an incredibly complicated world and draw a story through it and then tell it.”

Ross said her narrative bent comes from being fascinated by people's stories and wanting to bring them to life. “I learned that by listening really, really carefully that I could feel the pain and the excitement that people were experiencing,” she said. “I do think if we want to understand the world, we do it best through stories.”

The work continues. Here’s what’s next

As one of the most familiar and public faces of CISR, Ross will be missed by the community, but the bench is deep.

“I believe CISR is not going to miss a beat as I leave,” Ross said, citing various colleagues and their areas of ongoing research: Nick van der Meulen on digital operating models and enterprise architecture; Barbara Wixom on data monetization; Nils Fonstad on digital innovation; Ina Sebastian on digital partnering; Kristine Dery on employee experience; and Weill and Stephanie Woerner on what senior level managers and boards need to know about digital strategy.

In retirement, Ross said, she wants to spend “lots and lots of time” with her husband, children, and grandchildren, including newborn twins with whom she has been quarantining.

“In addition, I would like to find ways to make the world better,” Ross said. “My plan is to start by seeing what I can do to promote voting rights in this country, and then we'll see where that takes me.”

Further reading

Jeanne Ross: Career highlights

5 building blocks of digital transformation

“Designed for Digital: How to Architect Your Business for Sustained Success”

Related Articles

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Architecture & Governance Magazine

Ten Leading Colleges and Universities Preparing Tomorrow’s Enterprise Architects

May 15, 2017 Christopher Calnan Strategy & Planning 1

enterprise architecture programs

Enterprise architecture is slowly establishing itself in colleges and universities as information technology matures and becomes a more integral part of business, industry experts say.

The number of US colleges offering enterprise architecture programs continues to grow with schools such as Penn State University and Carnegie Mellon University. The popularity of EA programs is being driven by a need for greater alignment between the goals of the technology side and those of the larger business or organization, said Rosalie Ocker, director of Penn State’s Center for Enterprise Architecture.

Course enrollees are typically technologists “looking to understand the business better and to work with the business side of their organization,” she said. “Tech people and business people have to work together, and EA should span their areas. That’s what we try to do.”

Technology has sped up the formation of businesses and generating business itself. But that acceleration can come with a cost and make it more difficult get the various parts of a company or organization to work together with a single purpose. That’s the impetus for enterprise architecture.

Enterprise architecture is a modeling approach and business development strategy introduced 30 years ago by John A. Zachman to represent a company’s management structure.

“Architecture is not one thing,” he wrote. “It is a set of things, in fact, a set of 30 descriptive representations relevant for describing a complex object such that it can be created (that is, engineered, optimized so it meets its design objectives) and relevant for changing (that is, improving the object over time).”

Although the approach is slowly catching on, most of the nation’s EA programs are offered as part of a larger MBA program, Ocker said.

Penn State’s EA program, which launched in 2012, provides participants with a master’s of professional studies. It now claims about 378 participants, and 74 have completed the online program, Ocker said.

The Center for Enterprise Architecture hasn’t been dominated by any specific industry. Instead, program participants cover a wide variety of businesses and government agencies.

“Alignment throughout an organization is hard to achieve but necessary for success,” Ocker said. “No matter what you call EA, everyone needs it in order to be aligned; it doesn’t just happen.”

At Carnegie Mellon, the Institute for Software Research provides an executive and professional education program in EA, and Ohio-based Kent State offers an EA graduate certificate as part of its School of Digital Sciences.

Leonard Fehskens, editor of the Journal of Enterprise Architecture , said he was unaware of any organization tracking the nation’s EA programs or related trends.

The San Francisco-based Association of Enterprise Architects, which produces the journal, was founded in 2005. It represents about 35,000 members in about 45 regional chapters, he said.

Enterprise architecture operates at the intersection of design sciences and social sciences, fueling a greater demand for such training. The number of university EA programs has steadily grown, and Fehskens expects a university to someday formalize such training for a “full-blown” graduate degree.

However, the approach is so specialized that it still largely operates under the radar, Fehskens said.

“I don’t think the profession is at the point where high school students can pick a college based on enterprise architecture,” he said. “Most don’t even know what it is.”

Here’s a sample list of colleges with enterprise architecture courses or programs:

1. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY

The Pennsylvania-based Institute for Software Research, Executive and Professional Education offers training courses in the concepts of EA, including major frameworks, program establishment, implementation methods, documentation products, and maturity measurement. Courses review the history and major approaches to EA. The series includes hands-on assignments designed to produce a Web-based EA repository and to populate it with common documentation products and artifacts. The objective is to integrate strategic, business, and technology planning to achieve the organization’s goals.

2. KENT STATE UNIVERSITY

Ohio-based Kent State offers an EA graduate certificate as part of its School of Digital Sciences. The EA program focuses on the business processes and technology infrastructure needed by an organization and the design of software systems that are aligned with the processes and infrastructure to support the goals of the business. It’s designed to prepare students for careers such as solution architect and application or technology architect.

3. PENN STATE UNIVERSITY

The university offers an online Master of Professional Studies in Enterprise Architecture program. The EA degree is not focused solely on the techno-centric side of enterprise architecture; it is an interdisciplinary degree that covers business and engineering, information sciences, and project or portfolio management. It offers participants a broader, more comprehensive perspective.

4. STEVENS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

The New Jersey-based university provides a graduate certificate in enterprise architecture and governance that applies traditional systems and engineering approaches to a broader class of human-centric systems of which a technical system is only one part.

5. UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP

The Belgian university offers a master’s degree called executive master in enterprise IT architecture. It’s taught in English and designed for experienced IT professionals and experienced business managers. The program focuses on deepening knowledge of enterprise and IT architecture. It also includes modules on business strategy, leadership, change, and risk management.

6. UNIVERSITY OF DENVER

The Colorado-based university offers an EA course for students to learn how to integrate information and communications technologies with business goals. The course provides an overview of the enterprise-wide architectural framework that drives business decisions when selecting information and communications technology. The course encompasses all aspects of information and communications technology, including data networks, applications, operating systems, database systems, telecommunications systems, and hardware components in the context of a total enterprise-wide framework.

7. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, FLINT

UM-Flint’s course is focused on the design, selection, implementation, and management of enterprise IT solutions. It includes how applications and infrastructure fit within an organization. The course also addresses infrastructure management, system administration, data architecture, content management, distributed computing, middleware, legacy system integration, system consolidation, software selection, cost calculation, investment analysis, and emerging technologies.

8. UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO

The Canadian university’s School of Continuing Studies provides an EA certificate with three required courses. They’re designed to provide participants with ways to align business strategy with IT, sustain business growth, and ensure that good governance and best practices are being applied. Students also study various accepted methodologies.

9. UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, TACOMA

UW offers a foundations of EA course to students in the master’s in computer science and systems program. It covers the basics of both enterprise and architectural thinking, including the software to technology to solution architecture continuum. The course addresses the role EA plays in business and IT alignment, architectural styles, and techniques for capturing and documenting architectures. A follow-on course focuses on strategy development, use of standard frameworks for EA, and experiential learning through case study and projects.

10. ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE CENTER OF EXCELLENCE

While it is not a college or a university, EACOE is an educational resource nonetheless. It has developed a robust body of knowledge for executing architecture- and model-driven business and technology planning, business process engineering, and application development. Many of these techniques, methodologies, and processes are recognized as best practices, and are used globally.

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Enterprise architecture (EA) at Harvard is a University-wide effort to develop a shared technology vision in support of academic, research, and administrative computing — one that begins with enterprise-wide strategies and an Agile approach that fosters ongoing technology innovation. Our vision for enterprise architecture is to provide a technology framework and a set of standards to enable acquisition, development, and deployment of IT services that maximize interoperation, minimize duplication, and simplify the IT environment across all of Harvard.  Learn More >

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Graduate Program HeadCarleen Maitland
Program CodeEABT
Campus(es)World Campus (M.E.A.)
Degrees ConferredMaster of Enterprise Architecture (M.E.A.)
The Graduate Faculty

The Master of Enterprise Architecture (M.E.A.) in Enterprise Architecture and Business Transformation is a unique program designed for professionals aspiring to advance to roles with enterprise wide scope and authority, such as that embodied by an enterprise architect. The M.E.A. in EABT provides a comprehensive educational experience in the principles and practice of enterprise architecture (EA) and integrates both business and enterprise technical knowledge. The program includes courses in:

  • enterprise architecture foundations,
  • business architecture,
  • information technology architecture,
  • enterprise security and risk architecture,
  • organizational leadership,
  • strategic management, and
  • financial management.

Admission Requirements

Applicants apply for admission to the program via the Graduate School application for admission . Requirements listed here are in addition to Graduate Council policies listed under GCAC-300 Admissions Policies .

Since the program is multidisciplinary in nature, students from many disciplines may be acceptable for entry into the program. The most qualified applicants will be accepted in the program until all available spaces for new students are filled.

Consideration for admission into the program will be granted to individuals who meet one of the following sets of criteria:

  • An approved baccalaureate degree with a minimum grade point average of 2.75 or above, (on a 4.0 scale) a minimum of five years of relevant work experience, three letters of reference, and a personal statement of relevant experience and goals.
  • An approved baccalaureate degree with a minimum of a 3.00 (on a 4.00 scale) grade point average, a minimum of two years of relevant work experience, three letters of reference, and a 1-3 page personal statement of relevant experience and goals.
  • A graduate degree, a minimum of one year of relevant work experience, three letters of reference, and a 1-3 page personal statement of relevant experience and goals.
  • An approved baccalaureate degree, successful completion of three courses in the program with a minimum of a 3.50 (on a 4.00 scale) grade point average as a non-degree graduate student, at least two years of relevant work experience, and a 1-3 page personal statement of relevant experience and goals.

The language of instruction at Penn State is English. English proficiency test scores (TOEFL/IELTS) may be required for international applicants. See GCAC-305 Admission Requirements for International Students for more information.

Degree Requirements

Master of enterprise architecture (m.e.a.).

Requirements listed here are in addition to Graduate Council policies listed under GCAC-700 Professional Degree Policies .

The Master of Enterprise Architecture in Enterprise Architecture and Business Transformation program requires a minimum of 33 credits at the 400, 500, or 800 level. At least 18 credits must be at the 500 or 800 level, with at least 6 credits at the 500-level. Up to 10 graduate credits may be transferred in from a regionally accredited institution (subject to restrictions outlined in GCAC-309 Transfer Credit ). A student will take 27 credits of required courses. The remaining 6 credits are selected from a list of approved elective courses. The courses are delivered online through Penn State World Campus. The program is highly flexible and is designed to meet the different needs of students and organizations. With online delivery, the professional master program can easily fit into the work schedule of professionals from around the globe.

Course List
Code Title Credits
Required Courses
Enterprise Architecture Foundations I3
Enterprise Modeling3
Enterprise Information Technology Architecture3
Architecting Enterprise Security and Risk Analysis3
Strategic Business Architecture3
Global Strategic Management3
Choose 2 courses from the following list:6
Strategy Implementation and Organizational Change
Managing and Leading People in Organizations
Financial Management
Electives
Elective concentrations are available in Supply Chain, Security Architecture, Business Architecture, and Project Management. A list of courses required for each concentration is maintained by the graduate program office.6
Culminating Experience
Each degree candidate must complete a culminating experience. The student may choose to complete either a culminating project or the capstone course.3
Research Topics
Research Topics
Enterprise Architecture Leadership
Total Credits33

A graduate minor is available in any approved graduate major or dual-title program. The default requirements for a graduate minor are stated in Graduate Council policies listed under GCAC-600 Research Degree Policies and GCAC-700 Professional Degree Policies , depending on the type of degree the student is pursuing:

  • GCAC-611 Minor - Research Doctorate
  • GCAC-641 Minor - Research Master's
  • GCAC-709 Minor - Professional Doctorate
  • GCAC-741 Minor - Professional Master's

Student Aid

World Campus students in graduate degree programs may be eligible for financial aid. Refer to the Tuition and Financial Aid section of the World Campus website for more information.

Graduate courses carry numbers from 500 to 699 and 800 to 899. Advanced undergraduate courses numbered between 400 and 499 may be used to meet some graduate degree requirements when taken by graduate students. Courses below the 400 level may not. A graduate student may register for or audit these courses in order to make up deficiencies or to fill in gaps in previous education but not to meet requirements for an advanced degree.

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Learning outcomes

  • KNOW : Demonstrate knowledge of effective Enterprise Architecture concepts that align with business strategy.
  • APPLY/CREATE: Design, develop and apply an effective risk strategy across the enterprise.
  • COMMUNICATE: Communicate the value of Enterprise Architecture with business and technology stakeholders.
  • THINK: Graduates will be able to think analytically and critically about the application of concepts and methods in enterprise architecture frameworks.
  • PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE: Understand the importance of effective modeling and project portfolio management and conduct themselves in the highest ethical values and standards in the management of the Enterprise Architecture process.
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Campus World Campus
Graduate Program Head Carleen Maitland
Director of Graduate Studies (DGS) or Professor-in-Charge (PIC) David Joseph Fusco
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Chrissie Fitzgerald
E397 Westgate Building
288 N Burrowes Road
University Park PA 16802

(814) 863-9461

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PhD Position in Machine Learning (LLMs) & Computer Simulation

machine learning architectures , specifically adapting Large Language Models, to work with or replace established methods from computational engineering and computer simulation (such as the finite element

PhD Position Reducing Transaction Costs in a Circular Infrastructure Transition

are an advantage. Excellent English proficiency in reading and writing. Strong skills in mixed method approach. Energetic and decisive in the collaboration with partners in the field. Communicative and enterprising

PhD position on superconducting quantum computer technology

verbal and written communication skills in English are good. You are motivated for a career in quantum technology, in academia or at an institute or a company . You have a collaborative attitude and an

PhD position- Innovative spatial planning mechanisms to control nutrient emissions in the Netherlands

are aligned with the landscape in which they are situated? Then you could be the ideal candidate to join the Landscape Architecture and Spatial Planning team! We are hiring a PhD candidate for a 4-year project

NExTWORKx PhD position Safe Use of AI in Telecommunication Networks

multiple vendors into a secure and reliable overall network architecture . This challenge is also referred to as “Operating Disintegrated Networks (ODIN)”. Both individual NFs and the overall network

NExTWORKx PhD position Co-Evolution of Telecommunication Networks and Urban systems

new ICT technologies (overons.kpn) We are looking for brilliant PhD candidates with a strong interest to the join a university- company collaboration on future Networking. The ideal candidate is

PhD on contextualizing generative AI systems in structured data (m/f/x)

), and security constraints of proprietary data contexts as in healthcare, enterprises , and governments. Potential directions to explore are agentic systems, retrieval augmented generation, (instruction

PhD scholarship in metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida - DTU Biosustain

of bacteria has been shaped under constant environmental selection pressure to assure survival under the encountered conditions. This evolution lead to a complex genetic architecture , rich in genetic elements

Developing Ontologies for Digital Engineering and Manufacturing PhD

, driving the seamless interaction and collaboration between diverse data sources, software/hardware systems, applications, devices, and enterprises . Managing interoperability sits at the heart of this

2023 HDR Scholarship - Develop multi-omic pipelines to analyse disease dynamics in crop plants

and the Grains Research and Development Corporation , to reduce the impact of crop disease in the Australian grains industry. https://www.ccdm.com.au/about/ The student will design glasshouse/control

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During Module 1, you'll learn about our core philosophy of designing IT systems that meet the needs of the business enterprise and add economic value.

You'll gain wide-ranging knowledge about the foundations of modern information systems: IT architecture, databases, business processes, cybersecurity, and networks. Through an in-depth study of contemporary IT trends and emerging technologies, you’ll also develop a big-picture understanding of how these pieces fit together.

Topics Covered:

enterprise architecture_q4pj78x6

  • Digital platforms
  • Enterprise frameworks
  • Database Management Systems (DBMS)
  • Data modeling
  • Data warehouses
  • Process management
  • Process modeling
  • Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN)
  • LANs and WANs
  • Cybersecurity
  • Communication

GCOM 7790: Enterprise Architecture (4 credits)

This course provides broad foundations for understanding how IT delivers business value. The class covers knowledge of enterprise architectures, databases, business processes, and networks at a level of detail that is appropriate for IT managers. Students in GCOM 7790 learn how to envision IT infrastructures and applications that meet the needs of the business enterprise and add economic value.

GCOM 7800: Advanced Enterprise Architecture (4 credits)

Building on the foundations in GCOM 7790, this class fosters insights into contemporary IT architecture trends. Topics include cybersecurity, cloud architectures, and emerging technologies. Students envision a business-value-adding digital innovation for a real-world business, describe their innovation by creating several architectural artifacts (e.g., process and information models), and present it to an audience of tech-savvy leaders.

The information contained on this website is for informational purposes only. The Undergraduate Record and Graduate Record represent the official repository for academic program requirements. 

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We look forward to connecting with you about your interest in our Graduate Programs and encourage you to be in touch with any questions you may have.

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Academic jobs in STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY

PhD student in Computer and Systems Sciences, with focus on Enterprise Architecture and Digital Transformation

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The Department of Computer and Systems Sciences (DSV) is one of the oldest IT departments in Sweden and one of the largest departments at Stockholm University with around 4,500 students and around 200 employees. The discipline of computer and systems sciences bridges the gap between technology and the humanities, social sciences, and behavioral sciences. The use and design of IT is put in context in relation to people, organizations, and society. DSV offers a stimulating research environment in an international setting.

Project description As a PhD student, you will collaborate with researchers at the Information Systems unit at DSV to tackle the challenges of aligning IT infrastructure with evolving business strategies through the lens of Enterprise Architecture (EA) in the context of digital transformation. The research centers on the application of simulation models to analyze the impact of legacy decisions on current IT and business processes. By adapting existing tools to simulate various scenarios within an EA framework, the project aims to identify and quantify obstacles to organizational agility and efficiency. The ultimate goal is to provide actionable insights and support decision-making for better alignment of IT with business objectives, enhancing the strategic planning and operational performance of organizations. The research focus will be discussed regularly and decided jointly by the supervisors, the PhD student, and the research group to explore relevant areas within enterprise architecture.

Qualification requirements In order to be admitted to postgraduate education, the applicant must have the general and specific entry requirements. The qualification requirements must be met by the deadline for applications.

You meet  general entry requirements  if you have completed a second-cycle degree, or completed courses equivalent to at least 240 higher education credits, of which 60 credits must be in the second cycle, or have otherwise acquired equivalent knowledge in Sweden or elsewhere.

In order to meet  the specific entry requirements , the general syllabus for doctoral studies in the field of Computer and systems sciences stipulates that applicants must have completed courses at second-cycle level in Computer and systems sciences with a minimum of 90 higher education credits, or equivalent, including a thesis with a minimum of 15 higher education credits. In addition, the applicant is required to have English language skills equivalent of Common European Framework of Reference for Languages Level B2.

Selection The selection among the eligible candidates will be based on their capacity to benefit from the training. The following criteria will be used to assess this capacity:

  • Independence in the analysis and organization of the earlier work
  • Problem formulation and rigor in previous work and in the research plan
  • Previously shown ability to keep the specified time limits
  • Methodological and scientific maturity
  • Communication and cooperation skills
  • Subject specific knowledge relevant to education.

Admission Regulations for Doctoral Studies at Stockholm University .

About the post We offer a fixed-term employment as a doctoral student according to Chapter 5 of the Higher Education Ordinance (1993:100). The period of employment may not be longer than what corresponds to full-time doctoral education for four years. As a doctoral student, you should primarily devote yourself to your own doctoral education, but the employment may include work with education, research and administration to a limited extent (maximum 20 %).

A new employment as a doctoral student is for a maximum of one year, the employment is then renewed for a maximum of two years at a time.

Stockholm University strives to be a workplace free from discrimination and with equal opportunities for all.

Contact For more information, please contact Professor Janis Stirna,  [email protected] , or Director of PhD studies, Åsa Smedberg,  [email protected] .

Union representatives Saco-S,  [email protected] , Fackförbundet ST/OFR,  [email protected] , and SEKO,  [email protected] . PhD student representative,  [email protected] .

Application Apply for the PhD student position at Stockholm University’s recruitment system. It is the responsibility of the applicant to ensure that the application is complete in accordance with the instructions in the advertisement, and that it is submitted before the deadline. We recommend that the application, with associated documents, be written in English.

Please include the following information with your application

  • Your contact details and personal data
  • Your highest degree
  • Your language skills
  • Contact details for 2–3 references

and, in addition, please include the following documents

  • Cover letter
  • CV – degrees and other completed courses, work experience and a list of degree projects/theses
  • Project proposal/Research proposal describing: – why you are interested in the field/project described in the advertisement – why and how you wish to complete the project – what makes you suitable for the project in question
  • Degree certificates and grades confirming that you meet the general and specific entry requirements (no more than 6 files)
  • Letters of recommendation (no more than 6 files)
  • Degree projects/theses (no more than 6 files).

The instructions for applicants are available at:  How to apply for a position .

You are welcome to apply!

Stockholm University contributes to the development of sustainable democratic society through knowledge, enlightenment and the pursuit of truth.

Closing date:  15/10/2024

URL to this page https://www.su.se/english/about-the-university/work-at-su/available-jobs/phd-student-positions-1.507588?rmpage=job&rmjob=24217&rmlang=UK

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Home Blogs Enterprise Architecture What drives the success of top Enterprise Architecture teams?

What drives the success of top Enterprise Architecture teams?

Marc Lankhorst

  • Enterprise Architecture

Earlier this year, Bizzdesign released the State of Enterprise Architecture 2024 report, quickly becoming a definitive source for industry insights. This comprehensive research, based on a survey of over 500 Enterprise and Solution Architects worldwide, provides an in-depth look into our field’s current trends and practices.

Our enterprise architecture research report aimed to assess the maturity and impact of practices across organizations. By analyzing the findings, we could identify critical factors contributing to the success of enterprise architecture practices, which we’ll explore in this blog.

phd on enterprise architecture

The methodology used in our survey

First, I’d like to share the methodology used to compile the findings. To gather the data, we surveyed 500 enterprise architecture professionals from different industries and company sizes globally to get a well-rounded perspective. The report utilized self-assessment scores from respondents to evaluate various aspects of their enterprise architecture practices. In our survey, we asked architects to do a self-assessment of their team’s maturity, agreeing or disagreeing with seven statements describing a mature practice:

  • Our deliverables are current and relevant to support and drive change.
  • Our development process is well-defined, understood, and executed.
  • Our Enterprise Architecture helps align IT investments with long-term strategies to reduce risk and deliver business value outcomes.
  • Stakeholders across the business can easily find the Enterprise Architecture information and insights they need and work with colleagues using collaboration tooling.
  • The mission and value of our function are understood and valued across the organization.
  • We have sufficiently trained and business-knowledgeable practitioners.
  • We use an Enterprise Architecture Management tool that supports governed, collaborative design, adherence to industry standards, and powerful analysis.

Using these self-assessment answers, we divided the respondents into quartiles based on their self-assessed enterprise architecture maturity scores. The ‘Leaders’ were defined as the top 25% (top quartile) of respondents, while the ‘Laggards; were defined as the bottom 25% (bottom quartile) of respondents.

The analysis revealed a staggering 5.8 times maturity gap between the top quartile Leaders and the bottom quartile Laggards. This allowed us to compare the achievements and performance of the Leaders and Laggards across various metrics, including organizational agility, stakeholder engagement, and confidence in delivering IT and strategic business benefits.

5 Success factors of top enterprise architecture teams

Comparing these Leaders and Laggards leads to some interesting conclusions about the success factors of top teams. Here they are…

Success Factor 1: Strive towards maturity

Our survey’s results on business outcomes reveal that organizations with mature enterprise architecture practices are more effective in achieving their business objectives. This demonstrates how mature practices are more likely to contribute to organizational success.

The graph below shows that top-performing practices support their organization’s business outcomes. On average,  59% of the Leaders agree that their enterprise architecture program supports these business outcomes, but only 11% of the Laggards.

Which of these business outcomes does your EA program currently support

Additionally, findings in our report reveal that organizations with mature practices enjoy significant advantages compared to the Laggards, such as:

  • Enhanced identification of cost-saving opportunities: Mature practices help organizations pinpoint areas where they can reduce costs, freeing up resources for innovation.
  • Improved adaptability: Organizations with mature practices are better equipped to handle planned and unexpected changes.
  • Increased visibility into IT assets: They have a clearer view of redundant, obsolete, and duplicated applications, leading to more efficient IT management.
  • Better data flow and application linkage: Enhanced visibility into data flows and application connections allows for improved risk management when decommissioning applications.

Success factor 2: Stakeholder engagement is critical

In our survey, we asked respondents to rate various stakeholder groups on their levels of engagement, ranging from not engaged to decreasing, steady, or increasing. The graph below illustrates the average engagement levels for both Leaders and Laggards across all stakeholder groups.

Engagement averaged over Stakeholder Groups

The results reveal a significant contrast: Leaders report increasing engagement with 38% of their stakeholders, while laggards only see this level of engagement with 20% of their stakeholders. This means leaders are nearly twice as successful in enhancing stakeholder engagement.

More strikingly, 41% of Laggards stakeholders show no or declining engagement, compared to just 15% for leaders—indicating that laggards experience 2.7 times more disengagement. Losing stakeholder engagement can severely impact support and even jeopardize your position.

To improve and maintain stakeholder engagement, your practice must focus on delivering value outcomes to their stakeholders. Our report and my previous blog explore various business outcomes that Enterprise Architecture can support, providing insights into how you can effectively engage and retain stakeholder support.

Success factor 3: Use of Enterprise Architecture Management Tools

The report emphasizes that organizations using advanced Enterprise Architecture Management Tools tools are more capable of managing change. This suggests that these tools provide better visibility and control over the enterprise architecture landscape, allowing for more strategic and informed decision-making during transformation initiatives. These tools also support governed, collaborative design, enable architects to adhere to industry standards, and they’re utilized for their powerful analysis capabilities.

Success factor 4: Focus on Business Agility

There is a strong correlation between maturity and business agility. Organizations with more mature practices demonstrate significantly higher business agility levels than those with less mature practices. This correlation is evident in several aspects:

  • 51% of maturity Leaders cope well with unplanned change, compared to only 5% of Laggards.
  • 61% of Leaders execute planned changes well, far exceeding the 7% of Laggards who do so.

Leaders are better positioned to anticipate change and more likely to outpace competitors in implementing changes. Since the speed of change in many sectors keeps increasing, this is the key driver for improving the architecture maturity in many organizations. Architects can reduce complexity and pave the way for rolling out changes more quickly, effectively and efficiently.

Success factor 5: Align IT investments with organization strategy to deliver business value

Successful teams help their organizations prioritize and align IT investments in accordance with their business strategy. In the graph below, we took one of the seven statements from the maturity self-assessment: “Our Enterprise Architecture helps align IT investments with a long-term strategy to reduce risk and deliver business value outcomes”. We correlated that with the increase or decrease in enterprise architecture budgets.

Our EA helps align IT investments with long-term strategy to reduce risk and deliver business value outcomes

The graph clearly shows that enterprise architecture teams with increasing budgets deliver greater business value by effectively aligning IT investments with organizational strategy. On the other hand, teams that fail to demonstrate business value experience budget reductions. As an architect, you risk jeopardizing your role and job security if you don’t contribute enough value to the organization.

Where to from here…? Next steps

Now that you have the success factors of the top practice we’ve discussed in this blog, your next steps will be to benchmark your practice. Doing this lets you set improvement goals and develop strategies to enhance your enterprise architecture maturity and effectiveness.

How to benchmark your enterprise architecture practice

  • Assess the maturity of your practice: To start, we’d like to invite you to assess your practice’s maturity with our maturity assessment tool. Our tool allows you to assess your maturity across multiple dimensions and use the insights to drive improvements, ultimately aiming to enhance business performance and strategic decision-making.More specifically, in relation to the research report, our assessment tool will allow you to identify your practice as a ‘Leader’ or a ‘Laggard’. Download our maturity assessment model here.
  • Benchmark yourself against peers: Then, download your free copy of the State of the Enterprise Architecture 2024 report. Benchmark your practice against the statistics in the report in several ways: • Determine which organizational business outcomes your practice is currently supporting • Evaluate your success in increasing stakeholder engagement • Evaluate the impact of your Enterprise Architecture Management tool on the value of deliverables. • Determine how your team can cope with unplanned change • Investigate whether your organization is prioritizing IT investments

By comparing your organization’s performance in these areas to the statistics provided in the report, you can identify strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement in your practice. Knowledge is power. Don’t delay, get started today!

About the author:

Marc Lankhorst    Managing Consultant & Chief Technology Evangelist at Bizzdesign

Marc contributes to Bizzdesign’s vision, market development, consulting, and coaching on digital business design and enterprise architecture. He also spreads the word on the Open Group’s ArchiMate® standard for enterprise architecture modeling, of which he has been managing the development. His expertise and interests range from enterprise and IT architecture to business process management.

Related resources

2024 The State of Enterprise Architecture Report

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Graduate Certificate in Business Architecture

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Gain the expertise to align your organization's higher-level strategic objectives with tactical enterprise-level projects and technology initiatives to improve overall effectiveness and efficiency. This program is recognized by the Business Architecture Guild.

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Credits and costs, gain skills to drive strategic execution and transformational change in your business.

Help your organization successfully execute its business strategy .

Apply business architecture approaches in the execution of business strategy and facilitation of enterprise change and transformation.

Align tactical resources and projects with strategic objectives to drive change in business performance .

Develop a blueprint of an enterprise that provides a common understanding of the organization.

Online Business Architecture Courses

The discipline of business architecture allows companies to see where they are, where they want to be, and how to achieve the end goal. This 9-credit online certificate will help you understand how business, information, and technology work together to achieve strategic and tactical goals.

As a student in the program, you will: 

  • develop and link components of business architecture to create a holistic understanding of the enterprise 
  • explore the concepts and practical applications of effective enterprise modeling and business information 
  • develop meaningful representations of real-world aspects of a business, along with how they interact 
  • delve into barriers that affect disruptive innovation 
  • investigate emerging trends and disruptors in technology and industry that create new markets and influence product development, business models, and business practices associated with innovation 
  • understand how business architecture as a discipline is developed and structured, as well as current and future trends

All courses are asynchronous , meaning you are not required to log in at a particular time each week. Optional synchronous discussions will be available throughout the semester for those students who prefer a higher level of engagement.

Courses are structured to allow you to complete weekly assignments when and where it's most convenient for you. While courses are autonomous, you will have the opportunity to interact and engage with your classmates through integrated experiences. This peer-to-peer interaction enhances your learning experience while strengthening your professional network on a global scale. 

Required Courses (select 9 credits)

Focuses on the development and application of business architecture as a holistic discipline that produces a common understanding of the organization that is used to align strategic objectives and tactical initiatives.

Surveys emerging trends and disruptors in technology and industry that create new markets and influence decision-making, product development, business models, and business practices associated with innovation.

Explores the use and effectiveness of architectural modeling to describe an organization and examines model-based products as tools to support, influence, and enable organization planning and decision-making.

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Graduate tuition is calculated based on the number of credits for which you register. Tuition is due shortly after each semester begins and rates are assessed every semester of enrollment.

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Tuition rates for the fall 2024, spring 2025, and summer 2025 semesters.
How many credits do you plan to take per semester?
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Students pursuing a certificate are considered "nondegree," a status that is not eligible for federal student aid, including the Federal Direct Stafford Loan program. A private alternative loan may be an option to consider.

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Students pursuing a degree and meeting all other  eligibility requirements  may qualify for financial aid.

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Some students may qualify for financial aid. Take the time to research financial aid, scholarships, and payment options as you prepare to apply. Military service members, veterans, and their spouses or dependents should explore these potential military education benefits and financial aid opportunities , as well.

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Learn to strategically manage high-performance teams and solve complex, real-world business challenges. With more than 25 concentrations available, you can customize this top-ranked online MBA to suit your unique career goals.

Learn to strategically manage corporate innovation; develop new products, services, and business models for companies; and launch startups. With multiple concentrations to choose from, you can customize this online degree program to support your goals.

This online master's program in enterprise architecture and business transformation (EABT) integrates both business strategy and enterprise technical execution. EABT improves organizational efficiency, effectiveness, and agility by delivering holistic business-aligned and digitally focused systems.

Learn to leverage data to generate meaningful insights in the areas of digital marketing communications, customer experience and lifecycle, and brand management. This online master's degree program can help you articulate marketing's return-on-investment to stakeholders across your organization.

Prepare to lead organizations at the highest level. This program focuses on strategic thinking and leadership and is designed to help you master organizational strategies that drive effectiveness and performance.

Learn to gain a competitive business advantage using forecasting, inventory analysis, demand planning, and transformation strategy as a student in Penn State’s online supply chain management program. Courses from this flexible master’s degree also satisfy the requirements for a graduate certificate in supply chain management.

Who Should Apply?

This program is ideal for a wide range of students, including business analysts or those working in business analysis who aim to move into business planning and execution, or professionals in the IT industry who wish to move into a more business strategy–based role within their organization.

Students will more than likely be working as: 

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  • enterprise architects 
  • solution architects 
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  • business architects

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The Graduate Certificate in Business Architecture is recognized by the Business Architecture Guild , an international, professional association that promotes best practices and expands the knowledge base of the business architecture discipline.

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Summer deadline, fall deadline, steps to apply, 1. review the admission requirements..

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Official transcripts from each institution attended , regardless of the number of credits or semesters completed. Transcripts not in English must be accompanied by a certified translation. If you are a Penn State alumni, you do not need to request transcripts for credits earned at Penn State but must list Penn State as part of your academic history.

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Program-Specific Questions/Materials

Vita or Résumé  — A one- to two-page listing of your professional experience and education. 

Statement of Purpose — Describe how your professional experience and goals align with the Graduate Certificate in Business Architecture. Please do not exceed 500 words.

3. Create a Penn State login account.

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4. Read the application instructions.

You can begin your online application at any time. Your progress within the online application system will be saved as you go, allowing you to return at any point as you gather additional information and required materials.

  • Choose Enrollment Type: "Certificate Admission"
  • Choose "WORLD CAMPUS" as the campus

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5. Complete the application.

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If you have questions about the admissions process, contact an admissions counselor at [email protected] .

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For questions about the curriculum or the status of your submitted application, contact:

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Working together, we can reimagine medicine to improve and extend people’s lives.

Enterprise Architecture and Integrations Director - Americas

About the role.

Key Responsibilities:

Strategic Planning and Alignment:

  • Develop and maintain the enterprise architecture strategy, ensuring alignment with the company's business objectives and regulatory requirements.
  • Collaborate with senior management to understand business goals, identify technology needs, and propose IT solutions that support these goals.

Architecture Development:

  • Design and implement comprehensive IT architectures, including application, data, security, and infrastructure architectures, to support the entire pharmaceutical lifecycle from research and development to manufacturing and distribution.
  • Develop and maintain architecture roadmaps and ensure they are updated to reflect changing business needs and technological advancements.

Technology Integration and Management:

  • Evaluate, select, and integrate new technologies and systems to enhance the organization's capabilities in areas such as drug discovery, clinical trials, supply chain management, and regulatory compliance.
  • Ensure seamless integration of new systems with existing infrastructure, minimizing disruption and ensuring data integrity.

Compliance and Security:

  • Ensure that IT systems comply with pharmaceutical industry regulations and standards (e.g., GxP, HIPAA).
  • Implement robust security measures to protect sensitive data, including patient information, intellectual property, and proprietary research data.

Collaboration and Communication:

  • Work closely with various stakeholders, including business teams, domain architects, regulatory affairs, both at global and local level, to understand their IT needs and challenges.
  • Facilitate effective communication between IT and other departments to ensure that technology solutions meet business requirements.

Innovation and Continuous Improvement:

  • Stay abreast of the latest trends and advancements in IT and the pharmaceutical industry.
  • Identify opportunities for innovation and continuous improvement in IT systems and processes.

Qualifications:

  • Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Computer Science, Information Technology, or a related field.
  • Minimum of 10 years of experience in IT architecture or related area.
  • Proven experience in designing and implementing enterprise IT architectures in a regulated environment.
  • Excellent understanding of current and emerging technologies, including integrations, cloud computing, data & analytics, artificial intelligence, and security.
  • Has worked with some of the key vendors / technologies in the marketplace like ModelN, SAP, Vistex, Anaplan, Conga, Veeva (Vault, CRM), Anju (IRMS), Envision (Datavision), IQVIA (Engage Events management)
  • Fluent English both written and spoken
  • Excellent communication, collaboration, and problem-solving skills.

Preferred Qualifications:

  • Experience in the pharmaceutical industry.
  • Experience with specific pharmaceutical IT systems (e.g., LIMS, ERP, MES).
  • Strong knowledge of pharmaceutical industry regulations and standards (e.g., GxP, FDA, GDPR, HIPAA).
  • Knowledge of data governance and data management practices in the pharmaceutical industry.
  • Overall understanding of commercial pharma architecture, content management and its associated data flows
  • Understands the pharma landscape in one or more key markets (e.g. US, Canada, Brazil etc.)
  • Understands the life sciences data landscape (data models concepts, key data suppliers, how the data from key suppliers are used) in one of more key markets

Why Novartis: Helping people with disease and their families takes more than innovative science. It takes a community of smart, passionate people like you. Collaborating, supporting and inspiring each other. Combining to achieve breakthroughs that change patients’ lives. Ready to create a brighter future together? https://www.novartis.com/about/strategy/people-and-culture

Join our Novartis Network: Not the right Novartis role for you? Sign up to our talent community to stay connected and learn about suitable career opportunities as soon as they come up: https://talentnetwork.novartis.com/network

Benefits and Rewards: Read our handbook to learn about all the ways we’ll help you thrive personally and professionally: https://www.novartis.com/careers/benefits-rewards

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  1. The five enterprise architecture components.

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COMMENTS

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  7. Enterprise Architecture

    Enterprise architecture (EA) at Harvard is a University-wide effort to develop a shared technology vision in support of academic, research, and administrative computing — one that begins with enterprise-wide strategies and an Agile approach that fosters ongoing technology innovation. Our vision for enterprise architecture is to provide a ...

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    Summary Courses Careers Costs and Aid. More. This online master's program in enterprise architecture and business transformation (EABT) integrates both business strategy and enterprise technical execution. EABT improves organizational efficiency, effectiveness, and agility by delivering holistic business-aligned and digitally focused systems.

  12. Enterprise Architecture and Business Transformation

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  19. PhD student in Computer and Systems Sciences, with focus on Enterprise

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  20. Enterprise Information and Security Technology Architecture Graduate

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  22. Graduate Certificate in Enterprise Architecture

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  24. Business Architecture Graduate Certificate Online

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  25. Enterprise Architecture and Integrations Director

    Key Responsibilities:Strategic Planning and Alignment:Develop and maintain the enterprise architecture strategy, ensuring alignment with the company's business objectives and regulatory requirements.Collaborate with senior management to understand business goals, identify technology needs, and propose IT solutions that support these goals.Architecture Development:Design and implement ...