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Essay on Urban Development

Students are often asked to write an essay on Urban Development in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

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100 Words Essay on Urban Development

What is urban development.

Urban development is about making cities better places to live. It involves building homes, parks, and roads. People work together to make the city clean, safe, and fun. It’s like playing a big game of building blocks, but for real cities.

Why is it Important?

Cities are growing fast. More people mean we need more houses, schools, and hospitals. Urban development helps make sure there’s enough for everyone. It’s important because it makes life better in the city.

Problems in Urban Development

Sometimes, building new things can hurt nature or make traffic worse. It’s a challenge to build more without causing problems. People in urban development work hard to find smart ways to grow.

Urban development is about making cities great places to live and grow. It’s a big job that helps make sure everyone has what they need. It’s all about building a better future for cities.

250 Words Essay on Urban Development

Urban development is the process of improving cities so that they become better places for people to live and work. This includes building new homes, creating parks, and making sure there are enough schools and hospitals. It’s all about making the city a nice, safe, and fun place for everyone.

Why is Urban Development Important?

Cities are growing fast because more people are moving to them in search of jobs and a better life. This makes it very important to plan and build cities in a way that they can handle more people. Good urban development makes sure that everyone has a nice place to live, clean water to drink, and parks to play in. It also helps in keeping the air and water clean, which is good for our health.

Challenges in Urban Development

Making cities better is not easy. One big challenge is making sure there is enough space for everyone without harming nature. Another challenge is to make sure that all people, no matter how much money they have, can enjoy the city. This means making homes that are not too expensive and making sure that schools and hospitals are good for everyone.

In summary, urban development is about making cities better places to live. It involves a lot of planning and hard work to make sure cities are safe, fun, and healthy for everyone. Even though it’s tough, it’s very important for making sure that everyone can enjoy city life.

500 Words Essay on Urban Development

Urban development: bringing cities to life, understanding urban development.

Urban development refers to the process of improving and growing urban areas, including towns and cities. It involves various aspects that shape the physical, social, and economic structures of these inhabited spaces. Urban development aims to enhance the quality of life, create sustainable environments, and provide opportunities for a thriving community.

Urban development is essential for several reasons. As populations grow and concentrate in urban areas, it becomes necessary to manage the increasing demand for housing, transportation, and infrastructure. Urban development ensures that cities are well-equipped to accommodate these needs and provide a livable environment for its residents.

Key Aspects of Urban Development

Urban development encompasses a wide range of activities and considerations. Some key aspects include:

Urban development often faces numerous challenges, such as:

Urban development is a complex and dynamic process that plays a crucial role in shaping our cities and communities. By addressing the challenges and implementing well-planned development strategies, we can create vibrant and sustainable urban environments that enhance the lives of their residents.

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Introductory essay

Written by the educators who created Ecofying Cities, a brief look at the key facts, tough questions and big ideas in their field. Begin this TED Study with a fascinating read that gives context and clarity to the material.

Right now, our economy operates as Paul Hawken said, "by stealing the future, selling it in the present and calling it GDP." And if we have another eight billion or seven billion people, living on a planet where their cities also steal the future, we're going to run out of future really fast. But if we think differently, I think that, in fact, we can have cities that are not only zero emissions, but have unlimited possibilities as well. Alex Steffen

The urgency of urban planning today

Within a few decades' time, we can expect the planet to become more crowded, resources more precious, and innovative urban planners increasingly important. By midcentury, the global population will likely top nine billion, and more than half will live in cities. What will these cities look like? Will we have the resources to power them and comfortably provide for their residents? Will global urbanization harmonize with efforts to curb climate change and secure a sustainable future, or are these forces hurtling towards a head-on collision?

The TED speakers featured in Ecofying Cities underscore the urgency, but also suggest that some optimism's in order as they outline the issues and offer imaginative solutions.

There's no single reason for or response to the complex environmental, economic and social challenges that are part of our future in cities. They call for multiple approaches, originating from different sources — individuals, communities, governments, businesses — and deployed at different levels — in the home, the neighborhood, the city, region, nation and across the globe — to respond to the challenges at hand. As Alex Steffen reminds the urban planners, architects, designers, elected leaders and others involved in the effort, "All those cities are opportunities."

Urbanism and the environment: A brief history

For centuries, successful city-building has required careful attention to the environmental consequences of urban development. Without this, as Jared Diamond demonstrated in Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed , a city inevitably ended up fouling its nest, thus entering a spiral of epidemics, economic hardship, decline and, ultimately, oblivion. Civilizations evolved different ways of dealing with environmental considerations — some with more success than others. For example, thanks to elaborate aqueducts and sewer systems, the Romans were able to build and sustain for centuries large cities that featured a reliable public water supply and state-of-the-art public health conditions.

In other civilizations, however, residents simply abandoned cities when they could no longer rely on their environment to supply the resources they needed. Often this was a direct result of their own activities: for example, deforestation and the attendant erosion of fertile soil, epidemics due to contaminated water and, with the advent of coal-fired industrialization, air pollution.

Urban planning got its start as a profession largely dedicated to averting different types of crises arising from urban growth and providing conditions for public health. This was particularly true in the many 19th century European and North American cities transformed by industrialization and unprecedented rates of population growth. Rapidly deteriorating air and water quality made it necessary to introduce regulations to protect the health of the residents of these cities.

The planners' first-generation improvements included sewers, water treatment and distribution, and improved air quality through building codes and increased urban green space. It's especially remarkable today to think that these interventions were adopted in response to observable health consequences, but without knowledge of the contamination mechanisms at work: germ theory didn't arrive on the scene until Louis Pasteur published his work in the 1860s. From the late 19th century onward Pasteur's findings bolstered the case for even more urban sanitation improvements, particularly those designed to improve water quality.

Starting in the 1950s, however, planners no longer narrowly targeted immediate health effects on urban residents as their chief environmental concern. Their work also absorbed and reflected Western society's deeper understanding of, and respect for, natural processes and growing awareness of the long-term environmental impacts of cities from the local to the planetary scale.

Rachel Carson is often credited as the first to popularize environmentalism. Published in 1962, her landmark book Silent Spring sounded a warning call about how pesticides endanger birds and entire ecological systems. Soon after, air pollution became a rallying point for environmentalists, as did the loss of large tracks of rural and natural land to accelerated, sprawling development. Today, sustainable development and smart growth, which largely overlap and address multiple environmental considerations, enjoy wide currency; most urban planning is now based on these principles.

Today, as we reckon with population growth, advancing rates of urbanization, and widespread recognition of climate change, we know that the cities of the future share a common destiny. The choices we make about how we build, inhabit and maintain these cities will have global and long-term effects.

Sustainable development: Two schools of thought

In modern urban planning, there are two general categories of sustainable development. The first doesn't challenge the present dynamics of the city, allowing them to remain largely low-density and automobile-oriented, but still makes them the object of measures aimed to reduce their environmental load (for example, green construction practices). Ian McHarg spearheaded this approach as a way to develop urban areas in harmony with natural systems; the planning principles he formulated gave special care to the preservation of water and green space. His lasting influence is visible in many of the more enlightened suburban developments of recent decades which respect the integrity of natural systems. Today, the Landscape Urbanism movement promotes these same ideas.

A second school of urban development focuses on increasing urban density and reducing reliance on the automobile. This approach advocates transit-oriented and mixed-use development along pedestrian-friendly "complete streets." On a regional scale, it aims to reduce sprawl by creating a network of higher-density multifunctional centers interconnected by public transit. Today, it's common for plans with a metropolitan scope to follow this approach.

Studying the city: About these materials

Cities are arguably the most complex human creation (with the possible exception of language) so it's not surprising that we study them at multiple scales and from diverse perspectives. We can approach cities through a narrow focus on an individual building or a neighborhood, expand the investigation to consider a metropolitan region in its entirety, or study the global system of cities and its interconnections. What's more, we can think about cities as built environments, social networks, modified ecologies, economic systems and political entities. Aware of the multiple ways that we engage with cities, the Romans had two words to refer to them: urbs referred to the physical city with its wall and buildings, and civitas , the city as a collection of residents.

Ecofying Cities explores urban areas at different scales. In some cases, the TED speaker focuses on a neighborhood project, like The High Line in Manhattan; others describe city-wide transformation, as in Curitiba, Brazil, or a regional or national initiative like China's plan for a network of eco-cities to house its growing urban population. Likewise, the talks explore cities from different disciplinary perspectives including urban planning, urban design, transportation planning, architecture, community organization and environmental science. What unites them all? A commitment to sustainability and a belief that sustainability is more about creating positive effects rather than reducing negative impacts.

The message emanating from Ecofying Cities is one of complexity, optimism and uncertainty. We can't be sure that the changes these speakers suggest will be enough to help us balance supply and demand in the sustainability equation. But we can expect that their ideas and efforts will improve the built environment — as well as quality of life — in cities, thereby providing hopeful perspectives for a sustainable future.

Let´s begin with writer and futurist Alex Steffen´s TEDTalk "The Sharable Future of Cities" for a look at the interplay between increasing urban density and energy consumption.

The shareable future of cities

Alex Steffen

The shareable future of cities, relevant talks.

Retrofitting suburbia

Ellen Dunham-Jones

Retrofitting suburbia.

A song of the city

Jaime Lerner

A song of the city.

The ghastly tragedy of the suburbs

James Howard Kunstler

The ghastly tragedy of the suburbs.

Greening the ghetto

Majora Carter

Greening the ghetto.

Using nature's genius in architecture

Michael Pawlyn

Using nature's genius in architecture.

Building a park in the sky

Robert Hammond

Building a park in the sky.

Cradle to cradle design

William McDonough

Cradle to cradle design.

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Essay on Urbanisation | Urbanisation Essay for Students and Children in English

February 14, 2024 by Prasanna

Essay on Urbanisation: Urbanization is the typical characteristic of human civilization and is the center of social life, economy, and politics. Urbanization is a term derived from a Latin word ‘urb’ which means city. The primary need for Urbanization is because it helps people under poverty and pushes them towards the progress of some industrialized urban centers. If the development is not administered aptly, it leads to the rise of pollution, crime, and slums.

Urbanization has demerits more than merits. With planned policies and sustainable land use, urban growth and development can thrive and minimize ecological degradation. Therefore, the government must create a well-developed plan of action and cannot ignore it.

You can read more  Essay Writing  about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Long and Short Essays on Urbanisation for Students and Kids in English

We have mentioned two essays 500 words Long Essay and 200 words Short Essay. The long Essay on Urbanization consists of 400-500 words. The Long essay provides a framework that helps students with their competitive exams and assignments. The Short Essay on Urbanization is written for 200 words and is suitable for children and kids with their classwork.

Long Essay on Urbanization 500 words in English

Given below is a long Essay on Urbanization for aspirants of competitive exams and students belonging to classes 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The Urbanization essay helps the students with their class assignments, comprehension tasks, and even for competitive examinations.

Urbanization is the movement of the population residing in rural regions to urban areas. Urbanization has become a popular trend in today’s world. It is one of the most common economic attributes and its gradual growth shifts to the surplus population and industrialization growth. Urbanization holds two conceptual meanings sociological and demographical. Demographically, Urbanization refers to the balance of a population of a region that resides in cities. The sociological reference for Urbanization relates to behavior, worldly things, or institutions that have an identity as an Urban origin.

Urbanization occurs due to the vast opportunities and better standards of living. Experts predict that by 2050, 84 percent of the developed nations and 64 percent of the developing countries will become urbanized. Urban development is highly essential for the national economic development of a society.

Employment is one major cause of Urbanization. The movement of people from rural to urban areas is mainly in search of job opportunities, shelter, and food. Political unrest also plays a vital role in Urbanization. Economic factors are another major cause of Urbanization. Due to the existence of poverty, and the plight of farmers living in rural regions, people move to the urban part looking for opportunities.

The next important cause of Urbanization is high-quality Education facilities. Urban areas offer opportunities for studying at technical colleges and universities that attract students from rural to urban. Ecological imbalance, environmental degradation, industrial expansion, and mining destroy the natural habitats of agriculture-dependent families and contribute to Urbanization.

The social cause is an essential reason for Urbanization. Many young people migrate from urban to rural to escape the conservative culture and seek a better lifestyle. Urban regions contain clubs and pubs, and an easy-going liberal way of living that attracts young people.

Benefits of Urbanization Essay

Urban regions provide efficient resources like clean water, electricity, housing, and other basic amenities than rural areas. The urbanization offers better access to essential services like transportation, entertainment, healthcare facilities, high-quality education, etc. Industrialization and commercialization are the end-products of Urbanization that provide better employment opportunities. Urbanizations are critical creators and disseminators of values and knowledge. The geographical proximity of diverse people aids the procreation of different ideas.

Urbanization holds the benefit of technological development and the implementation of different technologies. Urban people discover and experience the latest tech developments contradicting the rural individuals who remain ignorant of any newest event. Furthermore, some or all of the services remain unavailable in rural regions.

Effects of Urbanization Essay

Urbanization has made life affordable, which has to lead to an increase in population. The migration of people from rural regions to urban has lead to overcrowding and congestion of public spaces and transportation.

Population growth is one major factor that has led to unemployment with a high cost of living. Urbanization has, in turn, made fierce competition in every field to attain more senior positions. Urbanization has also led to elevated rental rates and the increase of slum accommodations.

Urbanization leads to inadequate facilities and contributes to problems such as typhoid, diarrhea, and plague. This has led to the elevation of crimes, kidnaps, thefts, rapes, murders, and hijackings. Traffic and road congestion is other main challenges faced by urban city people. Thus, Urbanization is a solution and harm to humanity. With is vast benefits, it also holds effects that cause the problem to man.

Short Essay on Urbanization 200 words in English

The 200 words short essay mentioned below is suitable for kids and children up to 6th standard. The essay is written to guide the children with their school works-assignments and comprehension exercises.

Urbanization means the movement of man from least developed parts in search of better facilities. Urbanization leads to the disappearance of forests and agricultural lands for modern buildings that lead to the migration of farmers into the cities.

A developed region facilitates resources like electricity, clean water, housing, and other necessities than rural areas. The urbanization offers better services like entertainment, transportation, high-quality education, healthcare facilities, etc. that fosters better lifestyle and living conditions.

The large-scale urban development has contributed to India’s economy. It expands the production system, thus paving the way to large scale manufacture of goods and services. The booming economic development leads to the growth of cities and towns.

Rapid Urbanization around the world has lead to the growth of severe causes in big cities. It has lead to an increase in population all around the world. The advancement in the field of science and medicine, have decreased death rates and increased birth rates. Thus, the population is a growing factor of Urbanization.

Rapid Urbanization and growth of expanding trade and businesses in India have lead to rural-urban migration. The extension of cities and towns has led to the destruction of many agricultural lands in rural regions.

Thus, Urbanization is a continuous rising process. It ensures the transformation of rural culture into the urban culture, and the government must be observant of the rapidly pacing Urbanization.

10 Lines on Urbanization Essay in English

  • Urbanization is the transformation of rural areas into urban. It leads to the movement of people from rural to cities.
  • Urbanization impacts the concentration of population towards the regions that provide higher income categories.
  • Experts have stated that by 2050, 84 percent of the developed nations and 64 percent of the developing countries will become urbanized.
  • Urbanization occurs mainly in search of job opportunities, shelter, and food.
  • Urbanization leads to environmental degradation, industrial expansion, ecological imbalance, and mining.
  • Urbanization leads to commercialization and industrialization and provides people with housing, electricity, and clean water.
  • Urbanizations leads to overpopulation, unemployment, traffic, and congestion of public spaces.
  • Urbanization has led to an increase in crimes, kidnaps, thefts, rapes, murders, and hijackings.
  • The urban development increases the economic development of a country through higher though income capita.
  • Creating awareness can resolve problems related to Urbanization.

FAQ’s on Urbanisation Essay

Question 1. What is meant by Urbanization?

Answer: Urbanization is the transformation into cities. This sees the movement of a particular section of the population from the rural regions migrating to urban areas.

Question 2. State a few critical causes of Urbanization.

Answer: Urbanization has led to high-quality education, excellent job opportunities, quick access to basic amenities, technological enhancements, etc.

Question 3. How does Urbanization benefit People?

Answer: Urbanization has led to the advancement of industries, thus providing people with resources like clean water, electricity, housing, transportation, entertainment, healthcare facilities, etc.

Question 4. What are the harmful effects faced due to Urbanization?

Answer: Urbanization causes a plethora of problems such as increased population growth, deforestation, traffic and road congestion, increased crime rates, a decrease in natural resources, pollution, etc.

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Urban Planning Development and Theories Essay

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Introduction

Urban planning theories used in the united states, how can a biblical perspective be applied to urban planning.

North America developed as a frontier, so its cities were also forced to emerge in difficult and suboptimal conditions and undergo quantitative and qualitative restructuring under rapid industrial growth. This led to the fact that American urban planners solved problems dictated by different living conditions and circumstances in each separate period. For example, during the period of city creation in the 17th century in Europe, urban planning, the creation of architectural ensembles and public spaces, and the design of local facilities have long been actively used (Reps, 2001). Noticeably, America came to such concepts only at the end of the 18th century, when it was the right time and context for new ideas (Rice, 2014). This transition solved some severe problems of survival and adaptation.

The Garden City Theory

Various urban planning theories have been used in US history, ranging from the romantic to the pragmatic or politicized. One of the most romantic architectural movements was the garden city movement, imported to the US by Clarence S. Stein and Henry Wright, among others (Georgia Planning Association, 2018b; Kashef & El-Shafie, 2020). The theory was developed by Ebenezer Howard under the influence of British urban construction, which is why one may say that England influenced the selected style, highlighting the need to unite the concepts of town and country (Georgia Planning Association, 2018a). Noticeably, Germany is the state that significantly influenced the style (Harris, 2012). Thanks to the country, the theory became more focused on social movements like women’s rights.

In America, garden cities flourished in New York, Virginia, and Florida, and Walt Disney’s concept of the prototype city of tomorrow draws on this theory. The current appeared in response to industrialization and sought to bring the best aspects of village life back to the city while maintaining mobility, social opportunities, and conveniences (Spiegel, 2021). Therefore, one of Howard’s key suggestions was to start from the circle’s center when creating cities and have a special area for citizens to open all public facilities (Spiegel, 2021). Modern urban planning was impacted by the garden city concept, precisely with the idea of mandatory use of green spaces, increasing the number of public spaces for recreation, and expanding the living space of an ordinary person.

Systems Theory

The problems of industrialization and the terrible state of cities have forced politicians and city planners to think about the effectiveness of urban planning in terms of a systematic approach. Traditional planning approaches did not consider the social and economic aspects of city life, so there were constant problems with urban infrastructure, zoning, uneven load, etc. (Shi et al., 2021). Systems theory, as one of the modernist modes of planning, was based on a scientific approach, calculation, and perception of the city as a system of interconnected elements (Shi et al., 2021). The purpose of such planning was to ensure the city’s functioning as a life support system for the urban community.

Systems planning was founded by a British biologist, sociologist, and urban planner Patrick Geddes, who believed that city building should be flexible, evolving with the needs of the inhabitants. This requires collecting information about the life of urban areas and applying “conservative surgery” (Eisenman & Murray, 2017). It is an approach to modernizing the urban environment that does not completely disrupt the existing space but adapts it to the community’s needs (Eisenman & Murray, 2017). For example, it expands narrow passages and courtyards, restores and preserves the best objects, and creates comfortable spaces for living. It is less expensive and more efficient, based on real local needs. As for the impact of other countries on the theory in question, while certain effects are not clearly explored, each state introduced something new to the style.

In the United States, the biblical perspective has significantly influenced and continues to influence urban planning. Religion can be considered in urban planning as one of the lenses that allow the development of spiritual values in the city’s ecosystem, not just functional ones (Allam, 2020). Some general principles of urban planning can be found even in the Bible. The Book of Numbers details the urban planning of the Levitical cities to meet the needs of the entire population: “Then they will have towns to live in and pasturelands for the cattle they own and all their other animals” ( New International Version, 2011b, Numbers 35:3). The critical element is the planning of the original ensemble and the prohibition against changing it “because the houses in the towns of the Levites are their property among the Israelites” ( New International Version, 2011a, Leviticus 25:33). Thus, the Bible teaches to include nature in urban planning instead of destroying it and balance the needs of different segments of the population when designing.

Urban planning in the United States has undergone many development, change, and modernization periods. American architects were inspired and borrowed from European trends and theories, primarily actively relying on the British experience in creating and re-planning cities. This is because Europe faced new historical and social processes for a long time before the United States, which had larger spaces and developed more slowly (Joch, 2014). The European experience indicated which methodologies work and how to apply them. However, American planners had to face their unique challenges and apply the full range of traditional and modern methods to solve them.

Allam, Z. (2020). Theology, spirituality, and urban objectivity. In Theology and urban sustainability (pp. 69-79). Springer, Cham.

Eisenman, T. S., & Murray, T. (2017). An integral lens on Patrick Geddes . Landscape and Urban Planning , 166 , 43-54. Web.

Georgia Planning Association. (2018a). Individuals who influenced planning before 1978 [PDF document]. Web.

Georgia Planning Association. (2018b). National planning pioneers, 1986-2015 [PDF document]. Web.

Harris, T. M. (2012). The German garden city movement: Architecture, politics and urban transformation, 1902-1931 (Doctoral Thesis, Columbia University, New York, NY). Web.

Joch, A. (2014). ‘Must our cities remain ugly?’ – America’s urban crisis and the European city: Transatlantic perspectives on urban development , 1945–1970. Planning Perspectives , 29 (2), 165–187. Web.

Kashef, M., & El-Shafie, M. (2020). Multifaceted perspective on North American urban development . Frontiers of Architectural research , 9 (2), 467-483. Web.

New International Version . (2011a). Bible Hub. Web.

New International Version . (2011b). Bible Hub. Web.

Reps, J. (2001). Towns, time and tradition: The legacy of planning in frontier America. In J. Stein (Ed .). Classic Readings in Urban Planning. 1 st Edition (pp. 7-10). New York: Routledge.

Rice, K. T., Waldner, L. S., & Smith, R. M. (2014). Why new cities form: An examination into municipal incorporation in the United States 1950–2010 . Journal of Planning Literature, 29 (2), 140-154. Web.

Shi, Y., Zhai, G., Xu, L., Zhou, S., Lu, Y., Liu, H., & Huang, W. (2021). Assessment methods of urban system resilience: From the perspective of complex adaptive system theory . Cities , 112 , 103141. Web.

Spiegel, S. (2021). Urban utopias. In Utopias in Nonfiction Film (pp. 203-248). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

  • The Impact of the Urban Planning
  • Development and Theories in Urban Planning
  • Renaissance Changes in the Garden Design
  • John Howard's Leadership Style
  • Bible-Based Management Practices for Urban Planners
  • Neighborhood Planning and Sustainable Urban Development
  • Gentrification and Neighborhood Revitalization
  • Does Urbanism Affect the Birds’ Migration
  • The Built Environments and Walking Relationships
  • Rural Affordable Housing Planning Report
  • Chicago (A-D)
  • Chicago (N-B)

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essay on urban development

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Urban Development

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Urban America: Race Relations

The idea that each citizen of a country should have a roof over his/her head is hardly new. For example, since the times of the antiquity, the governments have been painfully solving the problem of housing for all the people, including the poor, and, admittedly, the humanity was unable to advance far in this matter for many years. Only in the XX century, in the times of the rapid growth of the population, everyones right to a roof over their head was recorded in most constitutions. The United States were among the worlds pioneers in the field of a large-scale construction of affordable houses, which resulted in the rapid urbanization of the large territories of the country. This process has resulted in the concentration and accumulation of economic and cultural potential of the society to large city centers, which has created the conditions for the formation of samples of the material and spiritual activities. Later, these advances have been developed by the others, not the central cities, which gave a new impetus to the development of the city centers. However, the interaction between the social groups is often violated during the urbanization. In particular, social disunity opposes its integrative nature and provokes the clash of antagonistic interests of classes and social groups. Moreover, the private ownership of the land, as well as the conflict between the downtown and suburb areas, often leads to the urban decay. As a result, the problems of unemployment, crime, slums, and ethnically segregated ghettos have become acute for many of the U.S. cities. Out of all the mentioned potential consequences of urbanization, the problem of the race relations in the city, namely in ghettos, is the most relevant as it is always accompanied by social and ethnical conflicts. Therefore, the following work is dedicated to the study of relations between the different races in the urban areas of the U.S.

Urban Development and Race Relations

The U.S. is often associated with the Statue of Liberty, Hollywood, and, of course, skyscrapers. The American cities can be considered an example of a separate culture with its own unique and distinctive style. Currently, the United States is one of the most urbanized countries in the world (Zukin 10).

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essay on urban development

The urban development of the U.S. was a historical process that was manifested in the increasing role of cities in the life and development of the society. In particular, it included the changes in socio-demographic and occupational structure of the population, lifestyle, and resettlement of the people, their culture and psychology, as well as the distribution of productive forces. At the same time, the urban development has come at the expense of the formation of wide suburban areas, migration of rural population to the cities, and the conversion of rural areas into urban ones (Silver and Moeser 31).

In the U.S., the rapid urbanization was associated with the rapid development of various industries in the country. The verge of the two centuries is generally considered the most active period of urban development in the United States. During that time, the level of urbanization has increased significantly. The primary sources of inflow of the population of large cities were immigrants and the labor force of all races, which was necessary due to the high scientific and technical progress and the continuous process of industrialization. In order to provide a place for living for all these people, a program of affordable (social) housing has been implemented (Hunter 213). As a result, the urban population has started dominating over the rural one. As for the cities, most often they were compact and large point centers with clear boundaries, which then grew into the large metropolitan areas. To date, more than a half of the Americans live in agglomerations (metropolises) the compact cluster of settlements linked together around a single center with multiple economic, political, cultural, and the other ties (Hunter 127).

However, the process of urban development in the United States has not been always going smoothly. Since the middle of the XX century, the country has been experiencing the so-called suburbanization the movement of the people from the overpopulated downtowns to the suburbs (Wilson 37). In the 1950s, the cities of the United States experienced a massive relocation of the white population to the suburbs caused by the reluctance of the qualified professionals with a high income to share the same land with a population of the African-American and the other ethnic minorities (Silver and Moeser 8). This phenomenon is called the white flight and it has damaged many of the U.S. cities. In particular, as the qualified specialists moved to the suburbs, the infrastructure and taxation moved with them, turning once prosperous districts into the deprived ones. Thus, the white flight was the beginning of the end for many of the industrialized cities (Hunter 212). The primary reason for that was the policy of segregation a separation of the white population of the United States from the other ethnic groups through various social barriers, including the movement of ethnic minorities to the separate blocks and areas (often against their will) or, as in the case of the white flight, the willing relocation of the white population (Silver and Moeser 20). Hence, the entire regions of many cities became segregated, with social and economic conditions within them greatly differing from those in the other districts. These blocks have become known as ghettos the deprived urban areas and the cheap social houses built many years ago. These areas left their inhabitants with little opportunities for moving into the larger world, as the so-called social elevators almost did not work there (Wilson 24).

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Thus, ghettos have become the source of the so-called new urban poverty. Being mostly inhabited by the unemployed people or those who no longer can be considered the labor force, these areas have underdeveloped connections with the local employment networks (Wilson 19).The people that live there become subject to social isolation, which reduces their opportunities of acquiring of acquiring the capital skills, namely the proper education. In turn, this factor contributes to their low social mobility (Wilson 24).The ghetto becomes a paradox of conflict and dilemma. It still gives hope for change for better, as there are many examples of the people that were able to achieve success and leave the ghetto. At the same time, it is characterized by the complete apathy due to the existing social barriers, thus combining the dynamics and stagnation.

In order to understand this social phenomenon, one must keep in mind that the Americans as the nation are the brainchildren of migration, who have began to identify themselves as one after the immigration flows to the country have weakened. Moreover, this multicultural alloy is not always associated with a single idea, as it is often portrayed in the media. Of course, the respect for the countrys ideological policy of equality is implemented effectively, but in the society there is always a place for a cultural ghetto, which often transforms into the real one. In America, there are communities, which often do not even speak English while preserving their language and culture (Zukin 43). Such multiculturalism often serves as the basis for social and ethnic conflicts, which are often solved in the simplest way possible the physical separation of both of their sides.

As a result, the U.S. can rightly be considered the capital of the modern ghetto, a country with the entire ghetto culture. Despite the forbiddance of segregation, almost every city has similar problem areas. There are many reasons for their existence, including a high rate of urbanization, slaveholding past of the country, and, most importantly, the acute social inequality. Architects and city developers are doing everything possible to avoid the ghettoization of cities, but the optimal solution is yet to be found. Ghettos continue to be an integral part of the American reality and are still causing trouble not only to the authorities due to their contribution to the growth of unemployment rate, but also the ordinary Americans by serving as triggers of social and ethnic conflicts.

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The problem of race relations in the urban America has been studied in the works of many authors, including Christopher Silver and John V. Moeser (The Separate City), as well as Marcus Anthony Hunter (Black Citymakers) and William Julius Wilson (When Work Disappears), whose writings were used as a source material for the research. Out of them, the conversation between Silver, Moeser, and Hunter would be the most interesting. First of all, both of the works describe roughly the same period of time (Hunters book covers the entire XX century, but only its second half will be taken into account in the following review). However, the most important aspect of the conversation is the fact that the authors focus on the race relations in the different regions of the U.S. Namely, Silver and Moeser describe the life of the segregated society in the Southern States, which were known as a rampart of slavery in the country until the end of the Civil War. Therefore, the attitude towards African Americans there was mostly negative at the time. On the contrary, Hunter focuses on the role of black people in the life of Philadelphia one of the oldest cities of the American North, which opposed the idea of slavery. Therefore, the conversation between the authors would allow viewing the same period of the U.S. history from different points.

First of all, both works have certain similarities. In particular, both of them describe the difficulties faced by the black Americans during the XX century, including the intolerance from the side of the white population, which was manifested in a variety of social barriers and restrictions. It should be noted that in The Separate City, Silver and Moeser make a comparison of the isolated black communities of the North and the South, identifying both of them as products of discrimination, which coincides with the views of Hunter (Silver and Moeser 8). However, the further study reveals the following differences in these works.

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The book by Silver and Moeser describes the black community of the South as an isolated zone that exists within the large city. As a result, it manages to function separately both in the terms of policy and economy, despite being dependent on its white counterpart (Silver and Moeser 62). As in any city, the black community experiences the division into the social layers and becomes overrun with the internal conflicts. According to the authors, despite the fact that the black people were able to come to power in the South after the end of segregation, their efforts to change the situation in the black communities were futile (Silver and Moeser 140). In general, the inhabitants of this community were set adrift, having no power (or will) to change anything in their lives. At the same time, the very presence of a separate city as well as the inability of the authorities to disband it, has served as a proof of inefficiency of the many-year struggle to remove the racial barriers from the American society. Therefore, the primary takeaway to be drawn from this work is the fact that laws and power alone are not enough to eliminate segregation and racism within the society.

On the contrary, Black Citymakers uses the results of political, historical, and social researches in order to prove that the black inhabitants of Philadelphia are no simple objects of the social and economic changes that have occurred in the American society as a result of the intensive urbanization, i.e. they are no passive observers. Instead, the black Americans of Philadelphia are able to understand the upcoming social changes and create alliances both between themselves and that the other social groups. In turn, these actions have allowed them to organize a movement from the black wards to the new urban enclaves in Philadelphia (Hunter 212-213). As a result, those people are not victims who have been forcibly moved away from their homes and put into ghetto, but the real citymakers and one of the driving forces of the urban development. Therefore, the primary takeaway to be drawn from this book is that each man has the power to shape history, disregarding such factors as race, skin color, and social status, as long as he/she is willing to do so.

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By comparing the abovementioned works, it is possible to say that the argument presented by Hunter is more compelling than that of Silver and Moeser. Indeed, in both cases, the black Americans were oppressed and deprived of many rights, but in the end, the Philadelphian ones were able to shape their own future because they were united by the common goal. On the contrary, the black communities of the South were much more isolated and complex in the terms of social structure. Of course, the mentioned differences in the attitude towards the African-Americans in the North and South may have played their role in the process of urban development. However, in case the Philadelphians had simply given up on making their life better, they would have shared the fate of the inhabitants of the South, being only the observers of the urban development rather than its driving force. All these facts contribute to the relevance of Hunters work, making it more compelling than that of Silver and Moeser, at least from the point of view of the author of this work.

It is possible to say that one cannot give a definite answer whether the urbanization is a positive or negative phenomenon in the history of the U.S. On the one hand, it has turned the United States in the powerful and developed country as it is known today. On the other hand, it has also led to a deepening of social and territorial disparities and social polarization between advanced and underdeveloped areas of downtown and suburbs, the occurrence of the adverse social and economic effects, and, therefore, the deterioration of the living conditions of the urban population, especially the poor. Thus, suburbanization (a rapid growth of the suburban area around the big cities) has occurred, involving primarily the wealthy citizens and serving as a form of escape from the social ills of the city. Moreover, it has led to ghettoization of the entire districts of the large industrial metropolises, with the corresponding social problems. Still, it is possible to say that the effect of urban development largely depends on the social policy conducted by the government. Namely, some metropolitan areas of the U.S. continue to develop, while the others have been abandoned. Therefore, the ability to organize the process of urbanization and monitor the changes are required for minimization of its negative consequences, including those affecting the relationships between the members of multicultural society.

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Three Essays on the Understanding of Urban Development

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Cities started the unprecedented growth about one hundred years ago. Their importance and significance are reflected by their high productivities and spatial concentrations. The understanding on urban development would help improve urban management and policies and increase wellbeing of urban residents. The three related essays in this dissertation try to improve the understanding from the perspectives of employment centers and agglomeration economies, interactions between labor and housing markets, and the behavior of local governments.

The first essay examines the role of employment centers on economic development. The theoretical literature suggests that agglomeration economies are the main force behind the formation and evolution of employment centers, as well as behind economic growth in general. Applying the birth model to employment centers in Maryland, I find agglomeration effects are increased by the centers, particularly those with high employment size or industrial diversity. Ignoring employment centers may overestimate the agglomeration effects when using the fixed distance measurement. Policy implications are local officials may use employment centers as a vehicle to promote economic growth.

In the second essay I test the impact of job loss on housing foreclosures. A great challenge in this study, as well as in interactions between labor and housing markets in general, is the geographic mismatch between employment and residential locations. This partially explains the mixed effects of job loss on foreclosures found in the literature. In order to gauge this effect, I develop a job loss vulnerability index using home-work commuting pairs. After fixing the attenuation bias from measurement errors, I find that job loss plays an important role in foreclosure decisions. This essay provides evidence for impact from labor market bust to housing market depression.

The third essay estimates the spending pattern of off-budget revenues. The literature assumes different spending preferences of budgetary and off-budget revenues, but empirical evidence are scarce due to the lack of off-budget data. I use land revenues to proxy off-budget revenues in Chinese cities. I find that off-budget revenues do not crowd out budgetary expenditures, and they tend to support visible and tangible projects, rather than some other traditional public spending items that are not quite obvious.

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Essay on Sustainable Development: Samples in 250, 300 and 500 Words

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  • Nov 18, 2023

Essay on Sustainable Development

On 3rd August 2023, the Indian Government released its Net zero emissions target policy to reduce its carbon footprints. To achieve the sustainable development goals (SDG) , as specified by the UN, India is determined for its long-term low-carbon development strategy. Selfishly pursuing modernization, humans have frequently compromised with the requirements of a more sustainable environment.

As a result, the increased environmental depletion is evident with the prevalence of deforestation, pollution, greenhouse gases, climate change etc. To combat these challenges, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change launched the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) in 2019. The objective was to improve air quality in 131 cities in 24 States/UTs by engaging multiple stakeholders.

‘Development is not real until and unless it is sustainable development.’ – Ban Ki-Moon

Sustainable Development Goals, also known as SGDs, are a list of 17 goals to build a sustained and better tomorrow. These 17 SDGs are known as the ‘World’s Best Plan’ to eradicate property, tackle climate change, and empower people for global welfare.

This Blog Includes:

What is sustainable development, essay on sustainable development in 250 words, 300 words essay on sustainable development, 500 words essay on sustainable development, what are sdgs, introduction, conclusion of sustainable development essay, importance of sustainable development, examples of sustainable development.

As the term simply explains, Sustainable Development aims to bring a balance between meeting the requirements of what the present demands while not overlooking the needs of future generations. It acknowledges nature’s requirements along with the human’s aim to work towards the development of different aspects of the world. It aims to efficiently utilise resources while also meticulously planning the accomplishment of immediate as well as long-term goals for human beings, the planet as well and future generations. In the present time, the need for Sustainable Development is not only for the survival of mankind but also for its future protection. 

To give you an idea of the way to deliver a well-written essay, we have curated a sample on sustainable development below, with 250 words:

To give you an idea of the way to deliver a well-written essay, we have curated a sample on sustainable development below, with 300+ words:

Essay on Sustainable Development

We all remember the historical @BTS_twt speech supporting #Youth2030 initiative to empower young people to use their voices for change. Tomorrow, #BTSARMY 💜 will be in NYC🗽again for the #SDGmoment at #UNGA76 Live 8AM EST welcome back #BTSARMY 👏🏾 pic.twitter.com/pUnBni48bq — The Sustainable Development Goals #SDG🫶 (@ConnectSDGs) September 19, 2021

To give you an idea of the way to deliver a well-written essay, we have curated a sample on sustainable development below, with 500 + words:

Essay on Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development Goals or SDGs are a list of 17 goals to build a better world for everyone. These goals are developed by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations. Let’s have a look at these sustainable development goals.

  • Eradicate Poverty
  • Zero Hunger
  • Good Health and Well-being
  • Quality Education
  • Gender Equality
  • Clean Water and Sanitation
  • Affordable and Clean Energy
  • Decent Work and Economic Growth
  • Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
  • Reduced Inequalities
  • Sustainable Cities and Communities
  • Responsible Consumption and Production
  • Climate Action
  • Life Below Water
  • Life on Land
  • Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
  • Partnership for the Goals

Essay Format

Before drafting an essay on Sustainable Development, students need to get familiarised with the format of essay writing, to know how to structure the essay on a given topic. Take a look at the following pointers which elaborate upon the format of a 300-350 word essay.

Introduction (50-60 words) In the introduction, students must introduce or provide an overview of the given topic, i.e. highlighting and adding recent instances and questions related to sustainable development. Body of Content (100-150 words) The area of the content after the introduction can be explained in detail about why sustainable development is important, its objectives and highlighting the efforts made by the government and various institutions towards it.  Conclusion (30-40 words) In the essay on Sustainable Development, you must add a conclusion wrapping up the content in about 2-3 lines, either with an optimistic touch to it or just summarizing what has been talked about above.

How to write the introduction of a sustainable development essay? To begin with your essay on sustainable development, you must mention the following points:

  • What is sustainable development?
  • What does sustainable development focus on?
  • Why is it useful for the environment?

How to write the conclusion of a sustainable development essay? To conclude your essay on sustainable development, mention why it has become the need of the hour. Wrap up all the key points you have mentioned in your essay and provide some important suggestions to implement sustainable development.

The importance of sustainable development is that it meets the needs of the present generations without compromising on the needs of the coming future generations. Sustainable development teaches us to use our resources correctly. Listed below are some points which tell us the importance of sustainable development.

  • Focuses on Sustainable Agricultural Methods – Sustainable development is important because it takes care of the needs of future generations and makes sure that the increasing population does not put a burden on Mother Earth. It promotes agricultural techniques such as crop rotation and effective seeding techniques.
  • Manages Stabilizing the Climate – We are facing the problem of climate change due to the excessive use of fossil fuels and the killing of the natural habitat of animals. Sustainable development plays a major role in preventing climate change by developing practices that are sustainable. It promotes reducing the use of fossil fuels which release greenhouse gases that destroy the atmosphere.
  • Provides Important Human Needs – Sustainable development promotes the idea of saving for future generations and making sure that resources are allocated to everybody. It is based on the principle of developing an infrastructure that is can be sustained for a long period of time.
  • Sustain Biodiversity – If the process of sustainable development is followed, the home and habitat of all other living animals will not be depleted. As sustainable development focuses on preserving the ecosystem it automatically helps in sustaining and preserving biodiversity.
  • Financial Stability – As sustainable development promises steady development the economies of countries can become stronger by using renewable sources of energy as compared to using fossil fuels, of which there is only a particular amount on our planet.

Mentioned below are some important examples of sustainable development. Have a look:

  • Wind Energy – Wind energy is an easily available resource. It is also a free resource. It is a renewable source of energy and the energy which can be produced by harnessing the power of wind will be beneficial for everyone. Windmills can produce energy which can be used to our benefit. It can be a helpful source of reducing the cost of grid power and is a fine example of sustainable development. 
  • Solar Energy – Solar energy is also a source of energy which is readily available and there is no limit to it. Solar energy is being used to replace and do many things which were first being done by using non-renewable sources of energy. Solar water heaters are a good example. It is cost-effective and sustainable at the same time.
  • Crop Rotation – To increase the potential of growth of gardening land, crop rotation is an ideal and sustainable way. It is rid of any chemicals and reduces the chances of disease in the soil. This form of sustainable development is beneficial to both commercial farmers and home gardeners.
  • Efficient Water Fixtures – The installation of hand and head showers in our toilets which are efficient and do not waste or leak water is a method of conserving water. Water is essential for us and conserving every drop is important. Spending less time under the shower is also a way of sustainable development and conserving water.
  • Sustainable Forestry – This is an amazing way of sustainable development where the timber trees that are cut by factories are replaced by another tree. A new tree is planted in place of the one which was cut down. This way, soil erosion is prevented and we have hope of having a better, greener future.

Related Articles

 

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 global goals established by the United Nations in 2015. These include: No Poverty Zero Hunger Good Health and Well-being Quality Education Gender Equality Clean Water and Sanitation Affordable and Clean Energy Decent Work and Economic Growth Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure Reduced Inequality Sustainable Cities and Communities Responsible Consumption and Production Climate Action Life Below Water Life on Land Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions Partnerships for the Goals

The SDGs are designed to address a wide range of global challenges, such as eradicating extreme poverty globally, achieving food security, focusing on promoting good health and well-being, inclusive and equitable quality education, etc.

India is ranked #111 in the Sustainable Development Goal Index 2023 with a score of 63.45.

Hence, we hope that this blog helped you understand the key features of an essay on sustainable development. If you are interested in Environmental studies and planning to pursue sustainable tourism courses , take the assistance of Leverage Edu ’s AI-based tool to browse through a plethora of programs available in this specialised field across the globe and find the best course and university combination that fits your interests, preferences and aspirations. Call us immediately at 1800 57 2000 for a free 30-minute counselling session

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Urban development.

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                          Over the years many people have moved from rural country areas, into Urban City areas. Whether it is for convince of their job or simply personal preference to city life, the population is growing in the cities. Although poverty levels are higher for the most part in these cities, people are finding it more appealing to be away from the country like scene. In the city people are finding jobs easier, more forms of entertainment, and simply a faster paced life style, which many crave. For example, if you look in the New York Times the majority of jobs available are in New York City as opposed to Long Island or its surrounding areas. The same is also true for entertainment. As you walk down city streets you have an array of restaurants, movie theaters, nightclubs, or simply a nice park to sit and relax. In the country you have to drive at least one mile to get to an inferior selection of restaurants, and most likely one-movie theater to choose from. The cities are becoming so over populated that poverty pollution and crime are increasing. Imagine forty people crammed into a two-room apartment, the cities are becoming very much like that. The cost of living in the city is also increasing rapidly, more space is needed and people are willing to pay unbelievable prices to get their dream apartment in the heart of the city. .              There are a wide range of economic and community development needs in the nation's communities, from job retention, creation, and training priorities to new investments in public facilities, and the development of affordable housing. Solutions to the growing problem of urban development are difficult to come across since the nations population prefers to live in the city. Most United States cities are having difficulty managing their budgets for necessary issues such as, education, transportation, and pollution. Therefor they do not have the financial resources or the means for keeping on top of other problems such as, maintenance of apartment buildings and the over all cost of living.

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essay on urban development

Urban sprawl is a term that covers a lot of ground one might say. ... Urban sprawl is a plague that has been created by society for as long as humans have been alive. ... Sprawl is society's answer to fulfilling the need for development and expansion, though not in the best way. ... Therefore, more stores will be built adding to the urban sprawl. ... Nobody truly benefits from the blight of urban sprawl. ...

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4. Clothing Group - Urban Outfitters

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Urban Outfitters has made an incredible name for itself in the fashion industry Urban Outfitters sells the latest styles of clothing and accessories at fairly affordable price. Urban Outfitters is always adapting to keep up with the ever-changing styles in the fashion world. ... It is believed that Urban Outfitters has a lot to offer in that sense. ... This demonstrates another unique point that Urban Outfitters can and will offer people, and that suggests how welcoming Urban Outfitters into the business would be a profitable decision. ... The last possible threat that we may have to overcome ...

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Kostof (1993) also grouped cities by their form and structure, such as organic, grid, grand manner, and urban skyline. ... Although the time gap is extremely large, ancient Athens and modern San Fernando do share similarities in their urban pattern. ... The development of both cities may be related to Carter's notions on the classifications of city growth. ... This led to the similar urban pattern, as the streets were laid out based on the topography. ... The major difference in the urban pattern is that Athens has a grand manner due to the magnificent public buildings. ...

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Growing environmental awareness and a renewed interest in city living, combined with the negative connotations of sprawl, has generated more interest in New Urbanism and its philosophies regarding growth and development. ... During the early 1960s, conversation concerning urban issues centered on the problems of metropolitan growth, but as the decade progressed urban issues became associated with issues of racial conflict.  ... The picturesque suburb has slowly devolved into development after development of McMansion's-meant to wow, not to last-packed into tiny lots on wide disconnected ...

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8. Urban Planning for Economic Development

essay on urban development

Abstract Rural town planning is a key aspect of enhancing the economic partnership among the rural towns, the big urban cities and the country as a whole. ... With the growth of the big towns and urban areas population, the focus and return of many people to small rural areas are turning to be real. ... Also, the rural towns can provide the key sustenance parts of the big and urban centers (In Rotondo et al., 2016). ... Without the proper planning, the goods will be able to delay and therefore able to make the lives of the urban dwellers unbearable. ... Since the past, the large urban towns ha...

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The Housing and Urban development

The Housing and Urban development

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            The housing and urban Development (HUD) department is very vital in the development of our nation as it is directly responsible for the economic and community growth of this nation.

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            Its priorities include providing the opportunity for the ownership of homes especially for the minority groups such as the poor and the disabled without discrimination.

            It struggles to achieve this goal by funding various programs and implementing a variety of financial accountability measures which ensure that the funds are not mismanaged.

                                               The housing and Urban Development

Introduction

            The Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is responsible for increasing ownership of homes for the nation’s citizens without discrimination. This especially targets the poor, the elderly and also people with disabilities and those living with AIDS.  It’s also responsible for promoting economic and community development and the implementation of housing law.  The HUD offers housing grants such as single family housing programs, multifamily housing etc.

            The department funds its programs though the issuing of grants such as the government grants which was established with the aim of providing better services to government, education, public housing and non-profit organizations and also to small-scale businesses and individuals.

            Small businesses are provided with universal access by the department as their importance in job growth and the strength of the economy cannot be ignored.

            However, getting grants is not always guaranteed due to the under funding of the department. The president Budget failed to increase funds in the department’s main rental assistance program which are needed for the continued assistance to poor families.  This means that at least five percent of the house vouchers in use by poor families will not be renewed in 2009.  Under funding has resulted in deterioration of a large number of public houses and unless funding is restored to a sustainable level, the loss of houses is expected to escalate in 2009.  These shortfalls are bound to have a destructive effect on the economic development.

            The department convened a forum of senior managers to examine new method of preventing fraud, waste, abuse and mismanagement of the funded programs.  In the forum, different working groups were created and general strategies and solutions for the department’s major program areas formulated.  In order to determine if funds are processed according to the approved control plans compliance reviews have to be performed on all programs.  It also issues guidance for program offices on Front End Risk Assessment (FERA).  These guidelines are used when assessing risks for new or revised programs.  In the HUD’s five year plan, it planned to implement a process for the early identification of programs ignoring the assessment.

            It also plans to create a Risk Management Division web page to highlight risk management initiatives and also give useful tips in the assessment of program risks.

The plan also includes the implementation of an audit recovery process which identifies payment errors resulting in overpayments to contractors.

The question I would ask the agency if I donated a large sum of money so that I know how it was being used would include:

Are you willing to report all sales under the contract and pay back the appropriate amount on a quarterly basis? Will you comply with the regulated Standard Operating Procedures? Can I review the agency’s accounting system and procedures for classifying sales?

The question listed above will see to it that the agency accounts for every single penny.  This will ensure that the funds won’t be mismanaged or wasted

                                               Reference

Financial Management 5-year plan. Retrieved on 14. 06.08 from:

http://www.hud.gov/offices/cfulsyearplan.pdf

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