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• Digital Transformation

8 Examples of Innovative Digital Transformation Case Studies (2024)

• Published: January 19, 2022
• Updated: August 21, 2024

With the rapid pace of technological advancement, every organization needs to undergo digital transformation and, most likely, transform multiple times to stay relevant and competitive. 

However, before you can reap the benefits of new technology, you must first get your customers and employees to adapt to this change successfully—and here lies a significant digital transformation challenge.

Organizations thriving in this digital-first era have developed digital innovation strategies prioritizing the change management mindset. This paradigm shift implies that organizations should continuously explore improving business processes .

8 Best Examples of Digital Transformation Case Studies in 2024

• Amazon Business
• Under Armour
• Internet Brands®
• Michelin Solutions

8 Examples of Inspiring Digital Transformation Case Studies

While digital transformation presents unique opportunities for organizations to innovate and grow, it also presents significant digital transformation challenges . Also, digital maturity and levels of digital transformation by sector vary widely.

If you have the budget, you can consider hiring a digital transformation consulting company to help you plan your digitization. However, the best way to develop an effective digital transformation strategy is to learn by example. 

Here are the 8 inspiring digital transformation case studies to consider when undertaking transformation projects in 2024:

1. Amazon extended the B2C model to embrace B2B transactions with a vision to improve the customer experience.

Overview of the digital transformation initiative

Amazon Business is an example of how a consumer giant transitions to the B2B space to keep up with the digital customer expectations. It provides a marketplace for businesses to purchase from Amazon and third parties. Individuals can also make purchases on behalf of their organizations and integrate order approval workflows and reporting.

The approach

• Amazon created a holistic marketplace for B2B vendors by offering over 250 million products ranging from cleaning supplies to industrial equipment. 
• It introduced free two-day shipping on orders worth $49 or more and exclusive price discounts. It further offered purchase system integration, tax-exemption on purchases from select qualified customers, shared payment methods, order approval workflows, and enhanced order reporting.
• Amazon allowed manufacturers to connect with buyers & answer questions about products in a live expert program.
• Amazon could tap the B2B wholesale market valued between $7.2 and $8.2 trillion in the U.S. alone.
• It began earning revenue by charging sales commissions ranging from 6-15% from third-party sellers, depending on the product category and the order size.
• It could offer more personalized products for an improved customer experience. 

2. Netflix transformed the entertainment industry by offering on-demand subscription-based video services to its customers.

Like the video rental company Blockbuster, Netflix also had a pay-per-rental model, which included DVD sales and rent-by-mail services. However, Netflix anticipated a change in customer demand with rising digitalization and provided online entertainment, thereby wiping out Blockbuster – and the movie rental industry – entirely. 

• In 2007, Netflix launched a video-on-demand streaming service to supplement their DVD rental service without any additional cost to their subscriber base.
• It implemented a simple and scalable business model and infused 10% of its budget in R&D consistently.
• The company has an unparalleled recommendation engine to provide a personalized and relevant customer experience. 
• Netflix is the most popular digital video content provider, leading other streaming giants such as Amazon, Hulu, and Youtube with over 85% market share.
• Netflix added a record 36 million subscribers directly after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

3. Tesla uses connected car technology and over-the-air software updates to enhance customer experience, enable cost savings, and reduce carbon emissions.

No digital transformation discussion is complete without acknowledging the unconventional ideas implemented by Elon Musk. Tesla was a huge manifestation of digital transformation as the core motive was to prove that electric cars are better than their gasoline counterparts both in looks and performance. 

Over the years, Tesla has innovated continuously to improve its product, make itself more economical, and reduce its carbon footprint. 

• Tesla is the only auto manufacturer globally, providing automatic over-the-air firmware updates that allow its cars to remotely improve their safety, performance, and infotainment capabilities. For example, the OTA update could fix Tesla’soverheating issues due to power fluctuation. 
• Tesla launched an autopilot feature to control the speed and position of the car when on highways to avoid potential accidents. However, the user still has to hold the wheel; the vehicle controls everything else. This connected car technology has created an intelligent data platform and smart autonomous driving experience.
• Tesla further ventured into a data-driven future, and it uses analytics to obtain actionable insights from demand trends and common complaints. A noteworthy fact is that the company has been collecting driving data from all of its first and second-generation vehicles. So far, Tesla has collected driving data on 8 billion miles while Google’s autonomous car project, Waymo , has accumulated data on 10 million miles.
• Tesla’s over-the-air updates reduce carbon emissions by saving users’ dealer visits. Additionally, these updates save consumers time and money.
• Tesla delivered a record 936,172 vehicles in 2021, an 87 % increase over the 499,550 vehicle deliveries made in 2020.

4. Glassdoor revolutionized the recruitment industry by allowing employees to make informed decisions.

Glassdoor is responsible for increasing transparency in the workplace and helping people find the right job by allowing them to see millions of peer-to-peer reviews on employers, including overall company culture, their CEOs, benefits, salaries, and more. 

• Glassdoor gathers and analyzes employee reviews on employers to provide accurate job recommendations to candidates and vice-versa. It also allows recruitment agencies and organizations to download valuable data points for in-depth analysis & reporting. 
• It further introduced enhanced profiles as a paid program, allowing companies to customize their content on the Glassdoor profiles, including job listings, “Why is it the Best Place to Work” tabs, social media properties, and more. This gives companies a new, innovative way to attract and recruit top talent.
• Glassdoor created the largest pool of interview questions, salary insights, CEO ratings, and organizational culture via a peer-to-peer network, making it one of the most trustworthy, extensive jobs search and recruiting platforms – and one of the most well-recognized review sites
• Glassdoor leverages its collected data for labor market research in the US. Its portfolio of Fortune’s “Best Companies to Work For” companies outperformed the S&P 500 by 84.2%, while the “Best Places to Work” portfolio outperformed the overall market by 115.6%.

5. Under Armour diversified from an athletic apparel company to a new data-driven digital business stream to transform the fitness industry.

Under Armour introduced the concept of “Connected Fitness” by providing a platform to track, analyze and share personal health data directly to its customers’ phones.

• Under Armour acquired several technology-based fitness organizations such as MapMyFitness, MyFitnessPal, and European fitness app Endomondo for a combined $715 million to obtain the required technology and an extensive customer database to get its fitness app up and running. The application provides a stream of information to Under Armour, identifying fitness and health trends. For example, Under Armour (Baltimore) immediately recognized a walking trend that started in Australia, allowing them to deploy localized marketing and distribution efforts way before their competitors knew about it.
• Under Armour merged its physical and digital offerings to provide an immersive customer experience via products such as Armourbox. The company urged its customers to go online and share their training schedule, favorite shoe style, and fitness goals. It used advanced analytics to send customers new shoes or apparel on a subscription basis, offering customers a more significant value over their lifetime.
• It additionally moved to an agile development model and data center footprint with the ERP SAP HANA . 
• Under Armour additionally leveraged Dell EMC’s Data Protection and Dell Technologies to help fuel digital innovation and find peak value from its data.
• Under Armour created a digital brand with a strong consumer focus, agility, and change culture. 
• With the Connected Fitness app, it provided a customer experience tailored to each consumer.

6. Internet Brands® subsidiary Baystone Media leverages Whatfix DAP to drive product adoption of its healthcare businesses.

Baystone Media provides end-to-end marketing solutions for healthcare companies by providing a low-cost, high-value subscription offering of Internet Brands® to promote their practices digitally. Baystone Media empowers its customers by offering a codeless creation of personalized websites. However, as its userbase is less tech-savvy, customers were unable to make the most of their solution. 

The idea was to implement a solution for Baystone Media & its sister companies to enable its clients to navigate its platforms easily. In addition to PDFs and specific training videos, the search was on for a real-time interactive walkthrough solution, culminating with Whatfix .

Baystone media saw a 10% decrease in inbound calls and a 4.17% decrease in support tickets, giving them the runway to spend more time enhancing its service for the clients.

7. Sophos implemented Salesforce to streamline its business and manage customer relations more effectively.

Sophos went live with Salesforce to accelerate its sales process , enhance sales productivity , and increase the number of accounts won. However, the complex interface and regular updates of Salesforce resulted in a decreased ROI. 

• Sophos implemented Whatfix to provide interactive, on-demand training that helped users learn in the flow of work. The 24*7 availability of on-demand self-support, contextual guidance, and smart tips allowed Sophos to manage its new CRM implementation effectively. 
• It unified internal communications using Whatfix content. First, they created walkthroughs for the basic functionality of Salesforce such as lead management, opportunities, etc. Next, they moved to slightly more complex features that their users were uncomfortable with and created guided walkthroughs and smart pop-ups. Sophos also used Whatfix to align the sales and product management teams by embedding videos and other media to unify product communication instead of relying on various communication tools.
• Sophos experienced a reduction in sales operations support tickets globally by 15% (~12,000 tickets). It saved 1070 man-hours and achieved an ROI of 342%. 

8. Michelin Solutions uses IoT & AI to provide customers with a more holistic mobility experience.

The digital strategy of Michelin Solutions has essentially centered around three priorities:

• Creating a personalized relationship with customers and end-users
• Developing new business models
• Improving their existing business processes 
• AI is extensively used in R&D, enabling the digital supply chain driven through digital manufacturing and predictive maintenance. For example, connected bracelets assist machine operators with the manufacturing process. 
• It deployed sophisticated robots to take over the clerical tasks and leveraged advanced analytics to become a data-driven organization. 
• Offerings such as Effifuel & Effitires resulted in significant cost savings and improved overall vehicle efficiency. 
• Michelin Solutions carefully enforced cultural change and launched small pilots before the change implementation . 

• Effifuel led to extra savings for organizations and doubled per-vehicle profits.
• A reduction in fuel consumption by 2.5 L per 100km was observed which translates into annual savings of €3,200 for long-haul transport (at least 2.1% reduction in the total cost of ownership & 8 tonnes in CO2 emissions).
• Michelin Solutions shifted its business model from selling tires to a service guaranteeing performance, helping it achieve higher customer satisfaction, increased loyalty, and raised EBITDA margins.

Each industry & organization faces unique challenges while driving digital transformation initiatives. Each organization must find a personalized solution and the right digital transformation model when implementing new technology. Their challenges can prepare you better for the potential roadblocks, but the specific solutions will need to be personalized according to your business requirements.

Open communication with your customers and employees will help you spot potential issues early on, and you can use case studies like these as a starting point.

If you would like to learn how you can achieve these results by using a digital adoption platform , then schedule a conversation with our experts today.

Request a demo to see how Whatfix empowers organizations to improve end-user adoption and provide on-demand customer support

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Inside IKEA’s Digital Transformation

• Thomas Stackpole

A Q&A with Barbara Martin Coppola, IKEA Retail’s chief digital officer.

How does going digital change a legacy retail brand? According to Barbara Martin Coppola, CDO at IKEA Retail, it’s a challenge of remaining fundamentally the same company while doing almost everything differently. In this Q&A, Martin Coppola talks about how working in tech for 20 years prepared her for this challenge, why giving customers control over their data is good business, and how to stay focused on the core mission when you’re changing everything else.

What does it mean for one of the world’s most recognizable retail brands to go digital? For almost 80 years, IKEA has been in the very analogue business of selling its distinct brand of home goods to people. Three years ago, IKEA Retail (Ingka Group) hired Barbara Martin Coppola — a veteran of Google, Samsung, and Texas Instruments — to guide the company through a digital transformation and help it enter the next era of its history. HBR spoke with Martin Coppola about the particular challenge of transformation at a legacy company, how to sustain your culture when you’re changing almost everything, and how her 20 years in the tech industry prepared her for this task.

• Thomas Stackpole is a senior editor at Harvard Business Review.

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Home / Resources / ISACA Journal / Issues / 2021 / Volume 5 / Technology Modernization Digital Transformation Readiness and IT Cost Savings

Case study: technology modernization, digital transformation readiness and it cost savings.

“Digital Distinction” is a major trend for growing, medium-sized organizations, with growth requiring a well-executed digital platform enabled by foresight, leadership and accountability that helps ensure that societal needs are addressed with limited input resources. 1

This digital distinction story was performed with limited resources in a multiservice urban Aboriginal agency (the Agency) providing holistic, culture-based programs and services for Aboriginal children and families. The Agency strives to provide a life of quality, well-being, healing, and self-determination for children and families in the Toronto, Ontario, Canada, urban Aboriginal community by implementing a service model that is culture based and respects the values of Aboriginal people, the extended family and the right to self-determination.

The Agency faced considerable technology challenges at the start of the pandemic-induced lockdowns. The mandatory move to a remote service model stressed the existing IT infrastructure to such an extent that it exposed issues such as network bottlenecks, Wi-Fi interruptions and landline unreliability, all of which compromised the ability of social workers to perform their duties. It had become evident to management that the Agency needed significant digital transformation as part of the journey toward the increasing virtualization of social services and a much-needed modernization of its base IT infrastructure.

To be effective, however, digital transformation must build on an IT foundation that ensures reliable and sustainable outcomes. While IT modernization is a necessary condition for digital transformation readiness, 2 it is not a sufficient condition. Readiness must identify and address all IT operating model gaps 3 before innovation; unfortunately, many organizations undertaking transformation are not ready for innovation. 4

An unprepared organization is likely to see its digital transformations flounder;

…barely one in eight are successful. Even worse, only 3 percent of … 1,733 business executives … report any success at sustaining the change required for successful digital transformation…. 5

Thus, the Agency needed improved digital capabilities to support its growth and to increase its agility in response to the pandemic, so it engaged an experienced digital transformation consultancy with one executive from the group serving in the role of interim chief information officer (CIO).

The CIO title of the 1980s 6 has evolved to become one of vision as part of enterprise strategy, of managing risk as part of enterprise risk and of managing a governed high-performance team to sustain today’s ever more complex IT ecosystems. The modern CIO creates new operating models and helps the organization become data-driven. 7 The CIO takes the organization forward “… in ways that extract the maximum value from the information on hand…to make better decisions, faster” 8 as articulated in the new data strategy.

This case study articulates all the listed requirements of the modern CIO from vision to risk management to creating high performance teams as part of IT operating model modernization. Furthermore, down the road, there will be sufficient material for a future case study to document the path of the organization to achieving fit-for-purpose data for data-driven decision-making and improved reporting efficiency.

THE AGENCY’S INTERIM CIO’S FIRST STEP WAS…TO ESTABLISH THE ORGANIZATION’S CURRENT STATE TO DETERMINE ITS STATE OF READINESS FOR THE REQUIRED DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION.

The challenge: assessing the current state.

One cannot create a strategy without knowing the current state. The Agency’s interim CIO’s first step was, therefore, to establish the organization’s current state to determine its state of readiness for the required digital transformation. While tools facilitating readiness include staff surveys, 9 benchmarking and determining the business case for IT change, a survey was selected as the right tool to learn about the organization’s IT challenges (what the users experience), its IT priorities (what the users want fixed first) and its IT value chain performance (how IT creates value for the organization) through the lens of four different levels of stakeholders. The survey was distributed to staff at all levels; the output presented an end-user view of the organization’s current state.

The four key findings from the survey across these categories were:

• The organization’s executives had different perceptions of the frequency of the top IT challenges compared to the rest of the staff complement ( figure 1 ). This could be given that they were more aware of the negative impact of various IT failures on their mandate.
• The frontline staff were the most supportive of prioritizing all of the top items compared to management, who saw the priorities differently ( figure 2 ). This highlights the importance of engaging with people most actively using technology and not to depend only on management feedback for insights in this respect.
• The supervisor level experienced the severity of most of the shortcomings along the IT value chain ( figure 3 ).
• One of the major challenges experienced by end users was that it took too long for IT to fix IT issues, with users perceiving that it was getting worse. The same held for the network; network reliability was decreasing ( figure 4 ).

The fact that the survey highlighted IT challenges such as poor service request and incident management (the service desk item in figure 1 ) is more important than it may seem at first glance. As part of the journey to making IT more approachable and customer-centric, it is important that the service desk works flawlessly, as it is a major driver of staff (customer) satisfaction, which, incidentally, should be a key IT metric for any CIO.

A comparison of the actual ratio with the benchmark ratios above confirmed a historical underinvestment in IT. Reducing underinvestment in IT and addressing the associated risk areas while building future IT capabilities should be high, not only on the CIO’s agenda via IT governance, but on the board’s agenda, given the implications for enterprise governance.

The Solution: Addressing the Priority Current State Shortcomings

As a result of the current state findings, the CIO reconsidered improvements and developments that may impact the entire IT operating model. A restitution strategy was developed to address as many of the identified priority shortcomings as possible in the shortest possible time.

ADDRESSING THE NETWORK SHORTCOMINGS REQUIRED SIGNIFICANT PLANNING AND ACTIVITY, GIVEN THAT THE NETWORK WOULD NEED TO BE MODERNIZED WHILE THE AGENCY WAS STILL PERFORMING ITS MANDATE.

Restitution is about partnerships, though, another modern CIO imperative. Non-IT senior leaders are just as accountable for decisions and the delivery of ongoing IT services. 12 In other words, restitution is an organizational challenge rather than only an IT challenge, a fact that impacted the nature of the stakeholders identified to oversee the initiative. The more a CIO engages in stakeholder relationships with the goal of forging partnerships, the more effective the broad diversity of IT initiatives within the CIO’s portfolio must almost automatically become.

In this case, restitution was performed in 1) a technology stream and 2) an IT governance stream. (A data governance stream was also recently introduced but will not be explored further here.) The relationship between the CIO and IT governance took a major leap forward a decade ago when it was explicitly considered in South Africa’s King III code for corporate governance. 13 However, more than five years later, the focus still tended to be on the use of IT in regulation and compliance, 14 rather than being about the organizational performance and value creation mechanism it is meant to be.

Aligned with digital transformation principles, specifically around the operating model readiness, 15 restitution was not only about technology, but also about other important components of the organization’s operating model, such as people, process and governance.

Technology Stream

From the current state analysis, the Agency’s legacy technology landscape suffered extended maintenance, support, integration, security, and agility risk and constraints. Technology modernization projects ( figure 5 ) were identified for the Agency to address these issues while also addressing most of the user-defined IT priorities identified in the survey.

One of the CIO’s primary objectives was to measure the benefits of each IT intervention, whether they be through enhanced activity, cost savings, risk mitigation or potentially even revenue generation. Cost and activity benefits, where the interventions are complete, are highlighted for the various interventions the Agency undertook.

Network Remediation The annual operating cost of the Agency’s new network is 48 percent of the cost of the old network—savings driven largely by deploying a modern network technology with standardizing network devices using a modern network protocol.

The old network had nonstandard devices that were unmaintained, outdated with no active support, not configured according to industry best practices and had no redundancy. Furthermore, it suffered bottlenecks, single points of failure and cybersecurity vulnerabilities, with costly management implications.

Addressing the network shortcomings required significant planning and activity, given that the network would need to be modernized while the Agency was still performing its mandate. It involved an initial network discovery process that, for example, identified Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, the devices linked to the IP addresses, the functions and roles of various servers, the portfolio of critical applications, and network-based processes that needed to be mapped out and well understood. Backout plans and vendor escalation processes were created. Replacing more than 50 switches and several firewalls within a 36-hour window was challenging, especially for a new network topology in an overall process that took up to a year when including the planning and vendor identification/selection processes.

Network remediation addressed technical cybersecurity vulnerabilities, fault tolerance and failover readiness with redundancy. It also provided greater bandwidth, scalability and manageability, with Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN) technology proving to be more secure and providing higher performance compared to the Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) technology it replaced. While bandwidth demand tripled during the pandemic, it was all reliably and seamlessly accommodated within the new network architecture.

Strategically, the organization seeks to share its IT environment with smaller social services agencies that might be insufficiently funded to develop appropriately functional IT platforms. The Platform as a Service (PaaS) aspiration required a network architecture designed to handle traffic at scale and the recognition that an additional network engineer would be needed to bring this aspiration to life.

Human Productivity Tools The annual operating cost of the Agency’s new human productivity tools (HPTs) is 39 percent of the cost of the old HPTs.

The old portfolio of HPTs was a disparate set of vendor solutions that were difficult to support, offered relatively little functionality, challenged the implementation of integrated security, and were costly to manage.

A key consideration was to ensure that all data stayed within Canada. A hybrid approach was followed leveraging Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) with Azure that allowed for failover from on-premises to the cloud, while moving all users’ mailboxes and enabling the additional functionality into production. This parallel process took six months from planning and vendor identification to deployment.

The Agency’s new Software as a Service (SaaS) HPT offered vast improvements in functionality across multiple end-user devices, such as facilitating engagement and teamwork; application interoperability; and facilitating a single approach to cybersecurity by means of integrated identity and access management. This deployment is a critical lever for successful digital transformation given benefits such as performance, scalability, security, and reliable and integrated support from the vendor. 16

Case Management A single case management system to integrate the agency’s two case management systems was identified ( figure 5 ). Two systems were deployed as a means to address the data collection shortcomings in each. To address this, a thorough business requirements document (BRD) will be created to facilitate a request for proposal (RFP) process to identify whether an integrated case management tool is available. (This will not be discussed further as it is a separate, significantly larger project that has only recently been instantiated.)

Document Management A document and content management system— coupled with appropriate workflows and governance—was needed to manage the intranet; perform as a repository for digitized, historical paper-based case files; perform document management; and provide a basis for operational metadata management and the organization’s data dictionary. A feasible tool and functionality was included in the software package provided for the HPT stream, coming in as a cost saving relative to the next best alternative. A decision was taken to use this tool given this cost benefit. A configuration and deployment plan was not yet in place at the time of writing.

Incident Management An incident management tool had been deployed at the Agency but without supporting processes or governance. There was no ticket escalation process, no ticket auto-allocation process and no feedback loop to the requester that a ticket had been received. The following were established as part of the Agency’s IT department’s emerging ITIL- alignment aspirations to improve incident management performance:

• Defined incident management processes
• Defined incident management responsibilities
• Feedback loops with workflows
• Service-level agreement (SLA)-driven ticket auto-escalation

The operational impact of these changes is evident in figure 6 . Within seven months after implementation and as the subject of continuous improvement during that time and beyond, the average ticket closing time had decreased from 34 days to three days according to the system logs, and the average ticket assignment time had decreased from 140 minutes to nine minutes according to the same logs. There are further initiatives to use more of the functionality of the selected tool in the future.

Additional service desk functionality deployed at the Agency includes IT asset management and a configuration management database.

THE ANNUAL OPERATING COST OF THE AGENCY’S NEW MONITORING AND PATCHING SYSTEM IS 30 PERCENT OF THE COST OF THE OLD VENDOR SOLUTION.

Monitoring and Patching System The annual operating cost of the Agency’s new monitoring and patching system is 30 percent of the cost of the old vendor solution.

Driven by continuity risk factors such as poor outage monitoring and alerting, poor device monitoring, and poor vendor responsiveness, as well as cybersecurity risk factors such as poor patching, the Agency sought and deployed a tool to fulfill these requirements with remote management capability.

The technology was selected based on a review of this specific technology landscape according to various IT research organizations. Then, deploying the monitoring tool required making changes to the firewall to allow agents to communicate. Furthermore, a cache server was set up to reduce the bandwidth implications of all the computers in the Agency requiring similar updates, thereby reducing the possibility of network congestion. Planning, vendor identification and deployment took less than three months.

Cloud The annual operating cost of the Agency’s new cloud data center is 45 percent of the cost of the on-premises data center, driven by the higher support and equipment costs of maintaining an on-premises environment.

THE ANNUAL OPERATING COST OF THE AGENCY’S NEW CLOUD DATA CENTER IS 45 PERCENT OF THE COST OF THE ON-PREMISES DATA CENTER.

The Agency had historically entered into a five-year contract for its data center, with further expenditure required for power to eight servers, hosting facilities and equipment, an uninterruptible power supply, and management time for maintenance and management. The risk of the data center being an operational bottleneck was considerable. The real push for a work-in-progress cloud migration was driven by the pandemic.

The selection of the cloud vendor was based on a review of the findings by various IT research organizations and the need to ensure interoperability between the various tools that were about to be deployed in the cloud. For the software tools, a primary driver was the effectiveness of the solution to serve well in a Software as a Service (SaaS) paradigm, which will be the foundation for the type of incremental transformational functionality envisaged as a strategic driver of future IT at the Agency.

Configuring a cloud infrastructure requires configuration activities such as subscribing to the services, creating virtual machine(s), the virtual private network (VPN) and the VPN gateway. Additional services that were migrated to the cloud or deployed to the cloud include the HPTs, the monitoring and patching services, and the mail system. The planning, vendor identification and deployment was performed within four months.

The operational, scale and cost advantages of the cloud at a stated availability of 99.999 percent were implemented as a desirable alternative to on-premises services, given that the modern CIO’s role is to create an environment that facilitates on-demand technology and related services. 17 The potential of this migration for future Platform as a Service (PaaS) services, virtual computing, storage and on-demand functionality positions the organization well for an enhanced digital future.

Telephony Telephony depends on a stable network, and the organization is now ready to address its telephony shortcomings. An architecture and plan to migrate between the current state and the proposed state for telephony is being developed, with the major goals being scalability as part of the PaaS vision for the organization and redundancy, given, the always- on requirement of child welfare services.

Financial Summary IT underinvestment introduces significant risk and inefficiencies into an organization. The technology modernization stream not only addressed technology risk at the Agency, it also eliminated architectural inefficiencies and high-cost structures, as demonstrated by the annual cost savings achieved ( figure 7 ).

While cost savings of up to 13 percent are expected in technology modernization, 18 savings of 18 percent were realized.

IT Governance Stream

IT governance ensures that IT produces the value expected of it. While IT governance was introduced as a mechanism for CIO oversight of the technology deployments, less tangible activities were also established by means of the IT governance stream to help establish a vision for IT, to reduce IT risk and to extend the people capabilities of the IT department.

The following sections detail the measures taken to help ensure reduced-risk value delivery from IT.

Policies and Processes Procedural and cybersecurity-related updates were made to the Agency’s IT policy. Processes were also co-created with human resources (HR) (e.g., onboarding, offboarding) and with operations (e.g., IT-facilitated process design for the handling of all possibilities of incoming telephone calls) to ensure that handovers to IT and back to HR and operations were clear, and that people had been identified in the process to accept handovers.

If an operational process needs engagement with IT, operations must co-design the process with IT to manage expectations and to reduce operational risk. Failing to do this will result in failed processes, given no awareness or clarity of IT’s role in the process.

AS A RISK CONTROL, A PASSWORD VAULT WAS CREATED FOR ALL APPLICATION AND SYSTEM PASSWORDS, SUPPORTED BY A PROCESS THAT COULD BE ACCESSED BY THE EXECUTIVE TEAM IN AN EMERGENCY.

Risk Management Risk management is a key pillar of effective IT governance. Together with policies and procedures as a critical part of effective risk management, 19 IT implemented a risk management process—Identify, Assess, Respond, Control, Monitor—with a living risk register as a monitoring and communication tool as a means to help minimize potentially negative differences between expected IT outcomes and the actual IT outcomes. The process emphasized assigning responsibility for a risk control at the point where risk is realized. Periodic IT governance meetings were established as a means to monitor changes in IT environment risk and to monitor the effectiveness of the risk controls.

Key administrator passwords held in people’s heads was a major operational and sustainability risk. As a risk control, a password vault was created for all application and system passwords, supported by a process that could be accessed by the executive team in an emergency.

Structure and People People are the most critical part of IT because they determine whether something is done well. To effect and to sustain digital transformation, IT staff must have digital mindsets; 20 be inclined to testing and learning, innovation, and agility; 21 have diverse technology knowledge, deep data skills, rich process skills, and end-to-end mindsets that includes teamwork, courage, and change management. 22

Sustainable digital transformation, thus, requires “t- shaped” people—staff with deep knowledge of their areas of expertise and broad knowledge that they can apply to solve the types of new problems that emerge under transformation. 23 T-shaped people are especially important in small IT teams, where broad knowledge overlap mitigates the continuity risk of a small staff complement.

Digital transformation demands agility—people fluidly structuring around problems or challenges in cross-functional teams 24, 25 rather than constrained within traditional organizational structures. Compromising on IT competence has been described as a subtle and even a dangerous issue in digital transformation. 26

“Build the organization,” “run the organization” and “transform the organization” 27 was adopted as the IT structure paradigm. Bespoke definitions for “run the organization” and “build the organization” were developed to define their purpose and scope for the organization ( figure 8 ).

While the Agency’s IT organization managed day-to-day operations (run) and performed technology modernization projects (build) like those in figure 8 , it had unsustainable transformation. Given the organization’s growth and expansion aspirations, “transform the organization” was established as a full-time role, and an experienced leader was recruited to focus on strategy and architecture to help define the organization’s broader digital capabilities.

Strategy and Architecture The current state of the Agency was such that it had no clear IT strategy and no clear IT architecture. Many different applications had been acquired from a wide variety of vendors over time to serve specific point purposes but with no consideration for aspects such as architectural fit, integrated cybersecurity management and interoperability. The historical approach to IT tended to be tactical, with no consideration of how the tactical deployments would impact the Agency’s overall IT risk profile.

While this worked reasonably well in a low-stress IT environment, the diverse flaws in the approach quickly became apparent at the start of the pandemic—especially to end users who suffered service interruptions—when network volumes escalated significantly under work-from-home orders.

All interventions documented in the Technology Stream section were part of a significantly more architected approach—specifically around cybersecurity and interoperability—that included business cases as part of the supporting documentation and a comparison with next-best technology alternatives.

THE HISTORICAL APPROACH TO IT TENDED TO BE TACTICAL, WITH NO CONSIDERATION OF HOW THE TACTICAL DEPLOYMENTS WOULD IMPACT THE AGENCY’S OVERALL IT RISK PROFILE.

It is useful to note that unarchitected IT is a primary driver of technology debt; 28 an unwelcome gift to current IT management from former IT management as experienced in the Agency’s current IT state. While appropriate IT vendor diversity should be supported in the interest of good IT risk management, this should occur within a strategically architected framework. IT strategy and IT architecture can sustainably reduce IT risk and improve business continuity.

Data Governance Stream Digital transformation consumes data and produces more data that not only serves general reporting and decision-making, but also potentially serves government policy direction. While data were not initially identified as a problem at the Agency, a data strategy has been developed in response to some data issues identified ( figure 9 ), and in line with a vision for data for the organization. (The data strategy will not be covered further in this case study beyond the limited discussion that follows.)

CIOs strive for data consistency, data availability, information resource control and information flow visibility. 29 Not addressing data challenges results in delayed and/or incorrect data-driven decision- making and productivity compromises, and incurs unnecessary IT effort to resolve issues arising from bad data.

As a first step toward addressing data challenges, the Agency articulated its unique perspective of the drivers of a data culture as an output of a facilitated workshop series. Some of the behavioral considerations include:

• Mistrust about what data could communicate; could they show performance levels that are lower than perceived?
• That data have not been seen as something that can add value
• That data are removed from the people whose lives they represent
• That data capture is only seen as a necessary part of getting the job done, rather than as a vital part of the data value chain
• That data are not seen as distinct from IT, with operational and strategic best practices distinct from those applicable to data

It is important that ways to address these behavioral considerations are included in the organization’s data strategy. The implementation of the cultural aspect is an overarching workstream for the data work that needs to be performed over the upcoming years to create an environment rich in fit- for-purpose data. Overall, IT culture is the single greatest risk—and, therefore, critical success factor (CSF)—not only for IT governance, 30 but possibly for data governance, too.

Key Results and Benefits

As outlined, successful digital transformation requires the barriers to an effective digital strategy—processes, technology, people and governance, in that order 31 —to be addressed. Without a sound IT operating model foundation, digital transformation will exacerbate IT operating model shortcomings with predictable consequences. Figure 10 summarizes the major IT outcomes achieved. Note that the column “Technology and/or Governance Intervention” in the figure refers to the relevant item in the Technology Stream section or the Governance Stream section.

Figure 10 item 10 refers to technical cybersecurity vulnerabilities. However, the Desjardins breach in Canada 32, 33 is a shocking reminder of the scale of breach possible in the presence of even the best technological responses. People vulnerabilities are, thus, addressed through the newly established SOC at the Agency, mandated to address people matters such as cybersecurity training and to perform vendor due diligence. This closes the loop on the cybersecurity vulnerabilities identified as part of the network remediation workstream.

Other noteworthy outcomes include digital forms with workflows for efficient forms processing compared to paper forms, and improved secure video conferencing.

What Is Next?

With many of the primary activities in figure 10 having been achieved in six months across nearly 20 regional sites, there is still more work to do, with some of the major considerations being:

• Telephony, as discussed
• Case management, as discussed
• Laptop standardization, all staff
• Addressing stable and reliable power
• Modernizing the data infrastructure as the foundation required for the implementation of an organizationwide data strategy

DIGITAL DISTINCTION’ AND COST SAVINGS WERE ACHIEVED WITH LIMITED RESOURCES IN A LIMITED TIMEFRAME, AN UNUSUAL ACHIEVEMENT IRRESPECTIVE OF ORGANIZATION SIZE OR RESOURCES.

Of these, the data infrastructure will likely be the highest cost future intervention. This will require not only technology, but a full data operating model to support the growing day-to-day requirements for data and reporting in the organization. From a CIO perspective, formally aligned organizational strategy and IT strategy interventions ultimately help minimize digital strategy execution gaps, 34 the difference between what an organization aspires to achieve strategically, and what it actually achieves.

Organizations trust the CIO to ensure that the technology ecosystem is a functional and reliable enabler of the organization’s operations. 35 This means that the role has significant fiduciary responsibilities requiring high performing, t-shaped people. Digital transformation needs executive support and visibility, and credit is due to the head of the organization, the head of finance and administration, and the head of human resources (HR) for their encouragement during some of the darkest hours of this process. Thanks are due also to the extraordinary performance of a small, but mighty and highly motivated IT team willing to go so significantly beyond the extra mile for months on end.

This case study details the types of CIO leadership needed for digital transformation readiness and technology modernization, aligned with an approach published in ISACA ® Journal . 36 “Digital distinction” and cost savings were achieved with limited resources in a limited timeframe, an unusual achievement irrespective of organization size or resources. The organization is now positioned to increasingly redirect IT spend from operations to digital innovation 37 as reward for its courageous efforts.

1 El Tarabishy, A.; “The Top 10 Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Trends for 2021,” International Council for Small Business, 6 July 2020, https://icsb.org/toptrends2021 2 Avanade, “IT Modernization: Critical to Digital Transformation,” March 2017, https://www.avanade.com/-/media/asset/white-paper/avanade-it-modernization-whitepaper.pdf 3 Pearce, G.; “Digital Transformation Governance: What Boards Must Know,” Governance Institute of Australia, vol. 72, no. 5, 2020, https://www.governanceinstitute.com.au/resources/governance-directions/volume-72-number-5/digital-transformation-governance-what-boards-must-know/ 4 Bendor-Samuel, P.; “Four Guidelines for Success in Innovation in Digital Transformation,” Forbes , 23 July 2019, https://www.forbes.com/sites/peterbendorsamuel/2019/07/23/four-guidelines-for-success-in-innovation-in-digital-transformation/#61401a511aa9 5 Pearce, G.; “Attaining Digital Transformation Readiness,” ISACA ® Journal , vol. 1, 2020, https://www.isaca.org/archives 6 Rivier University Nashua, New Hampshire, USA, “The Growing Importance of a CIO in Today’s Evolving Business World,” Boston Business Journal , 16 March 2020, https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2020/03/16/the-growing-importance-of-a-cio-in-today-s.html 7 Op cit McLaughlin 8 Op cit Rivier University 9 Ibid. 10 Morley, L.; “How Much Should a Company Spend on IT?,” Techvera, https://blog.techvera.com/company-it-spend 11 Avasant Research; “IT Spending as a Percentage of Revenue by Industry, Company Size, and Region,” Computer Economics , https://www.computereconomics.com/article.cfm?id=2626 12 CIO Journal , “The Role of Senior Leaders in IT Governance,” The Wall Street Journal , 22 June 2015, https://deloitte.wsj.com/articles/the-role-of-senior-leaders-in-it-governance-1434945783?tesla=y 13 IT Governance Network; “The CIO and IT Governance,” https://www.itgovernance.co.za/3/index.php/general-articles/176-the-cio-and-it-governance 14 De Haes, S.; A. Joshi; T. Huygh; S. Jansen; Board Level IT Governance Research Project , Antwerp Management School, Belgium, September 2016, https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/be/pdf/2018/05/Corporate_Governance_Codes_and_Digital_leadership.pdf 15 Op cit Pearce, “Attaining Digital Transformation Readiness” 16 Sharma, A.; “Application Modernization: One of the Critical Levers of Digital Transformation,” CIO , 30 July 2020, https://cio.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/strategy-and-management/application-modernization-one-of-the-critical-levers-of-digital-transformation/77253867 17 Dogan, C.; From the Basement to the Cloud: The Role of the CIO Over Four Decades , Deloitte Consulting, USA, 2018, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ar/Documents/technology/THE-ROLE-OF-THE-CIO-OVERF-OUR-DECADES.pdf 18 Op cit Avanade 19 Amadei, L.; “Why Policies and Procedures Matter,” Risk Management , 1 November 2016, http://www.rmmagazine.com/2016/11/01/why-policies-and-procedures-matter/ 20 Op cit Dogan 21 Annacone, A.; “The Four Types of Digital Transformation,” TechNexus on Linkedin, 19 June 2019, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/4-types-digital-transformation-andrew-annacone/ 22 Davenport, T. H.; T. C. Redman; “Digital Transformation Comes Down to Talent in Four Key Areas,” Harvard Business Review , 21 May 2020, https://hbr.org/2020/05/digital-transformation-comes-down-to-talent-in-4-key-areas 23 Rowles, D.; T. Brown; Building Digital Culture , Kogan Page, United Kingdom, 2017 24 Ghosh, A.; “Digital Transformation of the Workplace,” India Inc., 19 November 2020, https://indiaincgroup.com/digital-transformation-of-the-workplace/ 25 Penfold, P.; “HR Strategies That Help Digital Transformation Succeed,” People Matters, 22 November 2019, https://www.peoplemattersglobal.com/article/hr-technology/hr-strategies-that-help-digital-transformation-succeed-23829 26 Op cit Rowles and Brown 27 Apptio, IT Financial Metrics Primer , USA, https://dsimg.ubm-us.net/envelope/151893/296392/1390318118_WP_-_Apptio_IT_Financial_Metrics_Primer.pdf 28 Dalal, V.; R. Patenge; K. Krishnakanthan; “Tech Debt: Reclaiming Tech Equity,” McKinsey Digital, 6 October 2020, https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/tech-debt-reclaiming-tech-equity# 29 Op cit Dogan 30 Pearce, G.; “The Sheer Gravity of Underestimating Culture as an IT Governance Risk,” ISACA Journal , vol. 3, 2019, https://www.isaca.org/archives 31 Op cit Pearce, “Attaining Digital Transformation Readiness” 32 The Canadian Press, “Desjardins Says Employee Who Stole Personal Data Also Accessed Credit Card Info,” BNN Bloomberg, 10 December 2019, https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/desjardins-says-employee-who-stole-personal-data-also-accessed-credit-card-info-1.1360652 33 The Canadian Press, “Series of Gaps Allowed Massive Desjardins Data Breach, Privacy Watchdog Says,” CTV News, 14 December 2020, https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/series-of-gaps-allowed-massive-desjardins-data-breach-privacy-watchdog-says-1.5230179 34 Pearce, G.; “Digital Governance: Closing the Digital Strategy Execution Gap,” ISACA Journal , vol. 2, 2020, https://www.isaca.org/archives 35 Edelman, D. J.; “CIO in Focus: A Global Study,” USA, 2020, https://www.edelman.com/expertise/technology/cio-in-focus 36 Op cit Pearce, “Attaining Digital Transformation Readiness” 37 Halfteck, D.; “Six Steps to Ensure IT Readiness to Drive Digital Transformation,” Access IT Automation, 16 May 2019

Guy Pearce, CGEIT, CDPSE

Has served on governance boards in banking, financial services and a not-for-profit, and as chief executive officer (CEO) of a financial services organization. He has taken an active role in digital transformation since 1999, experiences that led him to create a digital transformation course for the University of Toronto School of Continuing Studies (Ontario, Canada) in 2019. Consulting in digital transformation and governance, Pearce shares more than a decade of experience in data governance and IT governance as an author and as a speaker. He was awarded the ISACA® 2019 Michael Cangemi Best Author award for contributions to IT governance, and he is chief digital officer and chief data officer at Convergence.Tech.

Richard Fullerton, AWS CSA, ITIL, MCAAA, VCP-DCV

Is the IT manager at Native Child and Family Services of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He is a solutions-oriented IT professional with more than 20 years of experience in the organization and delivery of end-to-end IT projects involving data migrations, server upgrades and configurations, and enterprise-scale software and hardware installations. His areas of expertise include cloud (AWS, Azure, Office 365), virtualization (VMware, Hyper-V, Citrix), and identity and access management. Fullerton is an experienced technical team leader in matrix organizations. He is the recipient of multiple Distinguished Service and Project Leadership awards, and the recipient of a Service Excellence award.

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40 Detailed Artificial Intelligence Case Studies [2024]

In this dynamic era of technological advancements, Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerges as a pivotal force, reshaping the way industries operate and charting new courses for business innovation. This article presents an in-depth exploration of 40 diverse and compelling AI case studies from across the globe. Each case study offers a deep dive into the challenges faced by companies, the AI-driven solutions implemented, their substantial impacts, and the valuable lessons learned. From healthcare and finance to transportation and retail, these stories highlight AI’s transformative power in solving complex problems, optimizing processes, and driving growth, offering insightful glimpses into the potential and versatility of AI in shaping our world.

Related: How to Become an AI Thought Leader?

1. IBM Watson Health: Revolutionizing Patient Care with AI

Task/Conflict: The healthcare industry faces challenges in handling vast amounts of patient data, accurately diagnosing diseases, and creating effective treatment plans. IBM Watson Health aimed to address these issues by harnessing AI to process and analyze complex medical information, thus improving the accuracy and efficiency of patient care.

Solution: Utilizing the cognitive computing capabilities of IBM Watson, this solution involves analyzing large volumes of medical records, research papers, and clinical trial data. The system uses natural language processing to understand and process medical jargon, making sense of unstructured data to aid medical professionals in diagnosing and treating patients.

Overall Impact:

• Enhanced accuracy in patient diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
• Significant improvement in personalized healthcare services.

Key Learnings:

• AI can complement medical professionals’ expertise, leading to better healthcare outcomes.
• The integration of AI in healthcare can lead to significant advancements in personalized medicine.

2. Google DeepMind’s AlphaFold: Unraveling the Mysteries of Protein Folding

Task/Conflict: The scientific community has long grappled with the protein folding problem – understanding how a protein’s amino acid sequence determines its 3D structure. Solving this problem is crucial for drug discovery and understanding diseases at a molecular level, yet it remained a formidable challenge due to the complexity of biological structures.

Solution: AlphaFold, developed by Google DeepMind, is an AI model trained on vast datasets of known protein structures. It assesses the distances and angles between amino acids to predict how a protein folds, outperforming existing methods in terms of speed and accuracy. This breakthrough represents a major advancement in computational biology.

• Significant acceleration in drug discovery and disease understanding.
• Set a new benchmark for computational methods in biology.
• AI’s predictive power can solve complex biological problems.
• The application of AI in scientific research can lead to groundbreaking discoveries.

3. Amazon: Transforming Supply Chain Management through AI

Task/Conflict: Managing a global supply chain involves complex challenges like predicting product demand, optimizing inventory levels, and streamlining logistics. Amazon faced the task of efficiently managing its massive inventory while minimizing costs and meeting customer demands promptly.

Solution: Amazon employs sophisticated AI algorithms for predictive inventory management, which forecast product demand based on various factors like buying trends, seasonality, and market changes. This system allows for real-time adjustments, adapting swiftly to changing market dynamics.

• Reduced operational costs through efficient inventory management.
• Improved customer satisfaction with timely deliveries and availability.
• AI can significantly enhance supply chain efficiency and responsiveness.
• Predictive analytics in inventory management leads to reduced waste and cost savings.

4. Tesla’s Autonomous Vehicles: Driving the Future of Transportation

Task/Conflict: The development of autonomous vehicles represents a major technological and safety challenge. Tesla aimed to create self-driving cars that are not only reliable and safe but also capable of navigating complex traffic conditions without human intervention.

Solution: Tesla’s solution involves advanced AI and machine learning algorithms that process data from various sensors and cameras to understand and navigate the driving environment. Continuous learning from real-world driving data allows the system to improve over time, making autonomous driving safer and more efficient.

• Leadership in the autonomous vehicle sector, enhancing road safety.
• Continuous improvements in self-driving technology through AI-driven data analysis.
• Continuous data analysis is key to advancing autonomous driving technologies.
• AI can significantly improve road safety and driving efficiency.

Related: High-Paying AI Career Options

5. Zara: Fashioning the Future with AI in Retail

Task/Conflict: In the fast-paced fashion industry, predicting trends and managing inventory efficiently are critical for success. Zara faced the challenge of quickly adapting to changing fashion trends while avoiding overstock and meeting consumer demand.

Solution: Zara employs AI algorithms to analyze fashion trends, customer preferences, and sales data. The AI system also assists in managing inventory, ensuring that popular items are restocked promptly and that stores are not overburdened with unsold products. This approach optimizes both production and distribution.

• Increased sales and profitability through optimized inventory.
• Enhanced customer satisfaction by aligning products with current trends.
• AI can accurately predict consumer behavior and trends.
• Effective inventory management through AI can significantly impact business success.

6. Netflix: Personalizing Entertainment with AI

Task/Conflict: In the competitive streaming industry, providing a personalized user experience is key to retaining subscribers. Netflix needed to recommend relevant content to each user from its vast library, ensuring that users remained engaged and satisfied.

Solution: Netflix developed an advanced AI-driven recommendation engine that analyzes individual viewing habits, ratings, and preferences. This personalized approach keeps users engaged, as they are more likely to find content that interests them, enhancing their overall viewing experience.

• Increased viewer engagement and longer watch times.
• Higher subscription retention rates due to personalized content.
• Personalized recommendations significantly enhance user experience.
• AI-driven content curation is essential for success in digital entertainment.

7. Airbus: Elevating Aircraft Maintenance with AI

Task/Conflict: Aircraft maintenance is crucial for ensuring flight safety and operational efficiency. Airbus faced the challenge of predicting maintenance needs to prevent equipment failures and reduce downtime, which is critical in the aviation industry.

Solution: Airbus implemented AI algorithms for predictive maintenance, analyzing data from aircraft sensors to identify potential issues before they lead to failures. This system assesses the condition of various components, predicting when maintenance is needed. The solution not only enhances safety but also optimizes maintenance schedules, reducing unnecessary inspections and downtime.

• Decreased maintenance costs and reduced aircraft downtime.
• Improved safety with proactive maintenance measures.
• AI can predict and prevent potential equipment failures.
• Predictive maintenance is essential for operational efficiency and safety in aviation.

8. American Express: Securing Transactions with AI

Task/Conflict: Credit card fraud is a significant issue in the financial sector, leading to substantial losses and undermining customer trust. American Express needed an efficient way to detect and prevent fraudulent transactions in real-time.

Solution: American Express utilizes machine learning models to analyze transaction data. These models identify unusual patterns and behaviors indicative of fraud. By constant learning from refined data, the system becomes increasingly accurate in detecting fraudulent activities, providing real-time alerts and preventing unauthorized transactions.

• Minimized financial losses due to reduced fraudulent activities.
• Enhanced customer trust and security in financial transactions.
• Machine learning is highly effective in fraud detection.
• Real-time data analysis is crucial for preventing financial fraud.

Related: Is AI a Good Career Option for Women?

9. Stitch Fix: Tailoring the Future of Fashion Retail

Task/Conflict: In the competitive fashion retail industry, providing a personalized shopping experience is key to customer satisfaction and business growth. Stitch Fix aimed to offer customized clothing selections to each customer, based on their unique preferences and style.

Solution: Stitch Fix uses AI and algorithms analyze customer feedback, style preferences, and purchase history to recommend clothing items. This personalized approach is complemented by human stylists, ensuring that each customer receives a tailored selection that aligns with their individual style.

• Increased customer satisfaction through personalized styling services.
• Business growth driven by a unique, AI-enhanced shopping experience.
• AI combined with human judgment can create highly effective personalization.
• Tailoring customer experiences using AI leads to increased loyalty and business success.

10. Baidu: Breaking Language Barriers with Voice Recognition

Task/Conflict: Voice recognition technology faces the challenge of accurately understanding and processing speech in various languages and accents. Baidu aimed to enhance its voice recognition capabilities to provide more accurate and user-friendly interactions in multiple languages.

Solution: Baidu employs deep learning algorithms for voice and speech recognition, training its system on a diverse range of languages and dialects. This approach allows for more accurate recognition of speech patterns, enabling the technology to understand and respond to voice commands more effectively. The system continuously improves as it processes more voice data, making technology more accessible to users worldwide.

• Enhanced user interaction with technology in multiple languages.
• Reduced language barriers in voice-activated services and devices.
• AI can effectively bridge language gaps in technology.
• Continuous learning from diverse data sets is key to improving voice recognition.

11. JP Morgan: Revolutionizing Legal Document Analysis with AI

Task/Conflict: Analyzing legal documents, such as contracts, is a time-consuming and error-prone process. JP Morgan sought to streamline this process, reducing the time and effort required while increasing accuracy.

Solution: JP Morgan implemented an AI-powered tool, COIN (Contract Intelligence), to analyze legal documents quickly and accurately. COIN uses NLP to interpret and extract relevant information from contracts, significantly reducing the time required for document review.

• Dramatic reduction in time required for legal document analysis.
• Increased accuracy and reduced human error in contract interpretation.
• AI can efficiently handle large volumes of data, offering speed and accuracy.
• Automation in legal processes can significantly enhance operational efficiency.

12. Microsoft: AI for Accessibility

Task/Conflict: People with disabilities often face challenges in accessing technology. Microsoft aimed to create AI-driven tools to enhance accessibility, especially for individuals with visual, hearing, or cognitive impairments.

Solution: Microsoft developed a range of AI-powered tools including applications for voice recognition, visual assistance, and cognitive support, making technology more accessible and user-friendly. For instance, Seeing AI, an app developed by Microsoft, helps visually impaired users to understand their surroundings by describing people, texts, and objects.

• Improved accessibility and independence for people with disabilities.
• Creation of more inclusive technology solutions.
• AI can significantly contribute to making technology accessible for all.
• Developing inclusive technology is essential for societal progress.

Related: How to get an Internship in AI?

13. Alibaba’s City Brain: Revolutionizing Urban Traffic Management

Task/Conflict: Urban traffic congestion is a major challenge in many cities, leading to inefficiencies and environmental concerns. Alibaba’s City Brain project aimed to address this issue by using AI to optimize traffic flow and improve public transportation in urban areas.

Solution: City Brain uses AI to analyze real-time data from traffic cameras, sensors, and GPS systems. It processes this information to predict traffic patterns and optimize traffic light timing, reducing congestion. The system also provides data-driven insights for urban planning and emergency response coordination, enhancing overall city management.

• Significant reduction in traffic congestion and improved urban transportation.
• Enhanced efficiency in city management and emergency response.
• AI can effectively manage complex urban systems.
• Data-driven solutions are key to improving urban living conditions.

14. Deep 6 AI: Accelerating Clinical Trials with Artificial Intelligence

Task/Conflict: Recruiting suitable patients for clinical trials is often a slow and cumbersome process, hindering medical research. Deep 6 AI sought to accelerate this process by quickly identifying eligible participants from a vast pool of patient data.

Solution: Deep 6 AI employs AI to sift through extensive medical records, identifying potential trial participants based on specific criteria. The system analyzes structured and unstructured data, including doctor’s notes and diagnostic reports, to find matches for clinical trials. This approach significantly speeds up the recruitment process, enabling faster trial completions and advancements in medical research.

• Quicker recruitment for clinical trials, leading to faster research progress.
• Enhanced efficiency in medical research and development.
• AI can streamline the patient selection process for clinical trials.
• Efficient recruitment is crucial for the advancement of medical research.

15. NVIDIA: Revolutionizing Gaming Graphics with AI

Task/Conflict: Enhancing the realism and performance of gaming graphics is a continuous challenge in the gaming industry. NVIDIA aimed to revolutionize gaming visuals by leveraging AI to create more realistic and immersive gaming experiences.

Solution: NVIDIA’s AI-driven graphic processing technologies, such as ray tracing and deep learning super sampling (DLSS), provide highly realistic and detailed graphics. These technologies use AI to render images more efficiently, improving game performance without compromising on visual quality. This innovation sets new standards in gaming graphics, making games more lifelike and engaging.

• Elevated gaming experiences with state-of-the-art graphics.
• Set new industry standards for graphic realism and performance.
• AI can significantly enhance creative industries, like gaming.
• Balancing performance and visual quality is key to gaming innovation.

16. Palantir: Mastering Data Integration and Analysis with AI

Task/Conflict: Integrating and analyzing large-scale, diverse datasets is a complex task, essential for informed decision-making in various sectors. Palantir Technologies faced the challenge of making sense of vast amounts of data to provide actionable insights for businesses and governments.

Solution: Palantir developed AI-powered platforms that integrate data from multiple sources, providing a comprehensive view of complex systems. These platforms use machine learning to analyze data, uncover patterns, and predict outcomes, assisting in strategic decision-making. This solution enables users to make informed decisions in real-time, based on a holistic understanding of their data.

• Enhanced decision-making capabilities in complex environments.
• Greater insights and efficiency in data analysis across sectors.
• Effective data integration is crucial for comprehensive analysis.
• AI-driven insights are essential for strategic decision-making.

Related: Surprising AI Facts & Statistics

17. Blue River Technology: Sowing the Seeds of AI in Agriculture

Task/Conflict: The agriculture industry faces challenges in increasing efficiency and sustainability while minimizing environmental impact. Blue River Technology aimed to enhance agricultural practices by using AI to make farming more precise and efficient.

Solution: Blue River Technology developed AI-driven agricultural robots that perform tasks like precise planting and weed control. These robots use ML to identify plants and make real-time decisions, such as applying herbicides only to weeds. This targeted approach reduces chemical usage and promotes sustainable farming practices, leading to better crop yields and environmental conservation.

• Significant reduction in chemical usage in farming.
• Increased crop yields through precision agriculture.
• AI can contribute significantly to sustainable agricultural practices.
• Precision farming is key to balancing productivity and environmental conservation.

18. Salesforce: Enhancing Customer Relationship Management with AI

Task/Conflict: In the realm of customer relationship management (CRM), personalizing interactions and gaining insights into customer behavior are crucial for business success. Salesforce aimed to enhance CRM capabilities by integrating AI to provide personalized customer experiences and actionable insights.

Solution: Salesforce incorporates AI-powered tools into its CRM platform, enabling businesses to personalize customer interactions, automate responses, and predict customer needs. These tools analyze customer data, providing insights that help businesses tailor their strategies and communications. The AI integration not only improves customer engagement but also streamlines sales and marketing efforts.

• Improved customer engagement and satisfaction.
• Increased business growth through tailored marketing and sales strategies.
• AI-driven personalization is key to successful customer relationship management.
• Leveraging AI for data insights can significantly impact business growth.

19. OpenAI: Transforming Natural Language Processing

Task/Conflict: OpenAI aimed to advance NLP by developing models capable of generating coherent and contextually relevant text, opening new possibilities in AI-human interaction.

Solution: OpenAI developed the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models, which use deep learning to generate text that closely mimics human language. These models are trained on vast datasets, enabling them to understand context and generate responses in a conversational and coherent manner.

• Pioneered advancements in natural language understanding and generation.
• Expanded the possibilities for AI applications in communication.
• AI’s ability to mimic human language has vast potential applications.
• Advancements in NLP are crucial for improving AI-human interactions.

20. Siemens: Pioneering Industrial Automation with AI

Task/Conflict: Industrial automation seeks to improve productivity and efficiency in manufacturing processes. Siemens faced the challenge of optimizing these processes using AI to reduce downtime and enhance output quality.

Solution: Siemens employs AI-driven solutions for predictive maintenance and process optimization to reduce downtime in industrial settings. Additionally, AI optimizes manufacturing processes, ensuring quality and efficiency.

• Increased productivity and reduced downtime in industrial operations.
• Enhanced quality and efficiency in manufacturing processes.
• AI is a key driver in the advancement of industrial automation.
• Predictive analytics are crucial for maintaining efficiency in manufacturing.

Related: Top Books for Learning AI

21. Ford: Driving Safety Innovation with AI

Task/Conflict: Enhancing automotive safety and providing effective driver assistance systems are critical challenges in the auto industry. Ford aimed to leverage AI to improve vehicle safety features and assist drivers in real-time decision-making.

Solution: Ford integrated AI into its advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to provide features like adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assistance, and collision avoidance. These systems use sensors and cameras to gather data, which AI processes to make split-second decisions that enhance driver safety and vehicle performance.

• Improved safety features in vehicles, minimizing accidents and improving driver confidence.
• Enhanced driving experience with intelligent assistance features.
• AI can highly enhance safety in the automotive industry.
• Real-time data processing and decision-making are essential for effective driver assistance systems.

22. HSBC: Enhancing Banking Security with AI

Task/Conflict: As financial transactions increasingly move online, banks face heightened risks of fraud and cybersecurity threats. HSBC needed to bolster its protective measures to secure user data and prevent scam.

Solution: HSBC employed AI-driven security systems to observe transactions and identify suspicious activities. The AI models analyze patterns in customer behavior and flag anomalies that could indicate fraudulent actions, allowing for immediate intervention. This helps in minimizing the risk of financial losses and protects customer trust.

• Strengthened security measures and reduced incidence of fraud.
• Maintained high levels of customer trust and satisfaction.
• AI is critical in enhancing security in the banking sector.
• Proactive fraud detection can prevent significant financial losses.

23. Unilever: Optimizing Supply Chain with AI

Task/Conflict: Managing a global supply chain involves complexities related to logistics, demand forecasting, and sustainability practices. Unilever sought to enhance its supply chain efficiency while promoting sustainability.

Solution: Unilever implemented AI to optimize its supply chain operations, from raw material sourcing to distribution. AI algorithms analyze data to forecast demand, improve inventory levels, and minimize waste. Additionally, AI helps in selecting sustainable practices and suppliers, aligning with Unilever’s commitment to environmental responsibility.

• Enhanced efficiency and reduced costs in supply chain operations.
• Better sustainability practices, reducing environmental impact.
• AI can highly optimize supply chain management.
• Integrating AI with sustainability initiatives can lead to environmentally responsible operations.

24. Spotify: Personalizing Music Experience with AI

Task/Conflict: In the competitive music streaming industry, providing a personalized listening experience is crucial for user engagement and retention. Spotify needed to tailor music recommendations to individual tastes and preferences.

Solution: Spotify utilizes AI-driven algorithms to analyze user listening habits, preferences, and contextual data to recommend music tracks and playlists. This personalization ensures that users are continually engaged and discover new music that aligns with their tastes, enhancing their overall listening experience.

• Increased customer engagement and time spent on the platform.
• Higher user satisfaction and subscription retention rates.
• Personalized content delivery is key to user retention in digital entertainment.
• AI-driven recommendations significantly enhance user experience.

Related: How can AI be used in Instagram Marketing?

25. Walmart: Revolutionizing Retail with AI

Task/Conflict: Retail giants like Walmart face challenges in inventory management and providing a high-quality customer service experience. Walmart aimed to use AI to optimize these areas and enhance overall operational efficacy.

Solution: Walmart deployed AI technologies across its stores to manage inventory levels effectively and enhance customer service. AI systems predict product demand to optimize stock levels, while AI-driven robots assist in inventory management and customer service, such as guiding customers in stores and handling queries.

• Improved inventory management, reducing overstock and shortages.
• Enhanced customer service experience in stores.
• AI can streamline retail operations significantly.
• Enhanced customer service through AI leads to better customer satisfaction.

26. Roche: Innovating Drug Discovery with AI

Task/Conflict: The pharmaceutical industry faces significant challenges in drug discovery, requiring vast investments of time and resources. Roche aimed to utilize AI to streamline the drug development process and enhance the discovery of new therapeutics.

Solution: Roche implemented AI to analyze medical data and simulate drug interactions, speeding up the drug discovery process. AI models predict the effectiveness of compounds and identify potential candidates for further testing, significantly minimizing the time and cost related with traditional drug development procedures.

• Accelerated drug discovery processes, bringing new treatments to market faster.
• Reduced costs and increased efficiency in pharmaceutical research.
• AI can greatly accelerate the drug discovery process.
• Cost-effective and efficient drug development is possible with AI integration.

27. IKEA: Enhancing Customer Experience with AI

Task/Conflict: In the competitive home furnishings market, enhancing the customer shopping experience is crucial for success. IKEA aimed to use AI to provide innovative design tools and improve customer interaction.

Solution: IKEA introduced AI-powered tools such as virtual reality apps that allow consumers to visualize furniture before buying. These tools help customers make more informed decisions and enhance their shopping experience. Additionally, AI chatbots assist with customer service inquiries, providing timely and effective support.

• Improved customer decision-making and satisfaction with interactive tools.
• Enhanced efficiency in customer service.
• AI can transform the retail experience by providing innovative customer interaction tools.
• Effective customer support through AI can enhance brand loyalty and satisfaction.

28. General Electric: Optimizing Energy Production with AI

Task/Conflict: Managing energy production efficiently while predicting and mitigating potential issues is crucial for energy companies. General Electric (GE) aimed to improve the efficiency and reliability of its energy production facilities using AI.

Solution: GE integrated AI into its energy management systems to enhance power generation and distribution. AI algorithms predict maintenance needs and optimize energy production, ensuring efficient operation and reducing downtime. This predictive maintenance approach saves costs and enhances the reliability of energy production.

• Increased efficiency in energy production and distribution.
• Reduced operational costs and enhanced system reliability.
• Predictive maintenance is crucial for cost-effective and efficient energy management.
• AI can significantly improve the predictability and efficiency of energy production.

Related: Use of AI in Sales

29. L’Oréal: Transforming Beauty with AI

Task/Conflict: Personalization in the beauty industry enhances customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. L’Oréal aimed to personalize beauty products and experiences for its diverse customer base using AI.

Solution: L’Oréal leverages AI to assess consumer data and provide personalized product suggestions. AI-driven tools assess skin types and preferences to recommend the best skincare and makeup products. Additionally, virtual try-on apps powered by AI allow customers to see how products would look before making a purchase.

• Enhanced personalization of beauty products and experiences.
• Increased customer engagement and satisfaction.
• AI can provide highly personalized experiences in the beauty industry.
• Data-driven personalization enhances customer satisfaction and brand loyalty.

30. The Weather Company: AI-Predicting Weather Patterns

Task/Conflict: Accurate weather prediction is vital for planning and safety in various sectors. The Weather Company aimed to enhance the accuracy of weather forecasts and provide timely weather-related information using AI.

Solution: The Weather Company employs AI to analyze data from weather sensors, satellites, and historical weather patterns. AI models improve the accuracy of weather predictions by identifying trends and anomalies. These enhanced forecasts help in better planning and preparedness for weather events, benefiting industries like agriculture, transportation, and public safety.

• Improved accuracy in weather forecasting.
• Better preparedness and planning for adverse weather conditions.
• AI can enhance the precision of meteorological predictions.
• Accurate weather forecasting is crucial for safety and operational planning in multiple sectors.

31. Cisco: Securing Networks with AI

Task/Conflict: As cyber threats evolve and become more sophisticated, maintaining robust network security is crucial for businesses. Cisco aimed to leverage AI to enhance its cybersecurity measures, detecting and responding to threats more efficiently.

Solution: Cisco integrated AI into its cybersecurity framework to analyze network traffic and identify unusual patterns indicative of cyber threats. This AI-driven approach allows for real-time threat detection and automated responses, thus improving the speed and efficacy of security measures.

• Strengthened network security with faster threat detection.
• Reduced manual intervention by automating threat responses.
• AI is essential in modern cybersecurity for real-time threat detection.
• Automating responses can significantly enhance network security protocols.

32. Adidas: AI in Sports Apparel Manufacturing

Task/Conflict: To maintain competitive advantage in the fast-paced sports apparel market, Adidas sought to innovate its manufacturing processes by incorporating AI to improve efficiency and product quality.

Solution: Adidas employed AI-driven robotics and automation technologies in its factories to streamline the production process. These AI systems optimize manufacturing workflows, enhance quality control, and reduce waste by precisely cutting fabrics and assembling materials according to exact specifications.

• Increased production efficacy and reduced waste.
• Enhanced consistency and quality of sports apparel.
• AI-driven automation can revolutionize manufacturing processes.
• Precision and efficiency in production lead to higher product quality and sustainability.

Related: How can AI be used in Disaster Management?

33. KLM Royal Dutch Airlines: AI-Enhanced Customer Service

Task/Conflict: Enhancing the customer service experience in the airline industry is crucial for customer satisfaction and loyalty. KLM aimed to provide immediate and effective assistance to its customers by integrating AI into their service channels.

Solution: KLM introduced an AI-powered chatbot, which provides 24/7 customer service across multiple languages. The chatbot handles inquiries about flight statuses, bookings, and baggage policies, offering quick and accurate responses. This AI solution helps manage customer interactions efficiently, especially during high-volume periods.

• Improved customer service efficiency and responsiveness.
• Increased customer satisfaction through accessible and timely support.
• AI chatbots can highly improve user service in high-demand industries.
• Effective communication through AI leads to better customer engagement and loyalty.

34. Novartis: AI in Drug Formulation

Task/Conflict: The pharmaceutical industry requires rapid development and formulation of new drugs to address emerging health challenges. Novartis aimed to use AI to expedite the drug formulation process, making it faster and more efficient.

Solution: Novartis applied AI to simulate and predict how different formulations might behave, speeding up the lab testing phase. AI algorithms analyze vast amounts of data to predict the stability and efficacy of drug formulations, allowing researchers to focus on the most promising candidates.

• Accelerated drug formulation and reduced time to market.
• Improved efficacy and stability of pharmaceutical products.
• AI can significantly shorten the drug development lifecycle.
• Predictive analytics in pharmaceutical research can lead to more effective treatments.

35. Shell: Optimizing Energy Resources with AI

Task/Conflict: In the energy sector, optimizing exploration and production processes for efficiency and sustainability is crucial. Shell sought to harness AI to enhance its oil and gas operations, making them more efficient and less environmentally impactful.

Solution: Shell implemented AI to analyze geological data and predict drilling outcomes, optimizing resource extraction. AI algorithms also adjust production processes in real time, improving operational proficiency and minimizing waste.

• Improved efficiency and sustainability in energy production.
• Reduced environmental impact through optimized resource management.
• Automation can enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of energy production.
• Real-time data analysis is crucial for optimizing exploration and production.

36. Procter & Gamble: AI in Consumer Goods Production

Task/Conflict: Maintaining operational efficiency and innovating product development are key challenges in the consumer goods industry. Procter & Gamble (P&G) aimed to integrate AI into their operations to enhance these aspects.

Solution: P&G employs AI to optimize its manufacturing processes and predict market trends for product development. AI-driven data analysis helps in managing supply chains and production lines efficiently, while AI in market research informs new product development, aligning with consumer needs.

• Enhanced operational efficacy and minimized production charges.
• Improved product innovation based on consumer data analysis.
• AI is crucial for optimizing manufacturing and supply chain processes.
• Data-driven product development leads to more successful market introductions.

Related: Use of AI in the Navy

37. Disney: Creating Magical Experiences with AI

Task/Conflict: Enhancing visitor experiences in theme parks and resorts is a priority for Disney. They aimed to use AI to create personalized and magical experiences for guests, improving satisfaction and engagement.

Solution: Disney utilizes AI to manage park operations, personalize guest interactions, and enhance entertainment offerings. AI algorithms predict visitor traffic and optimize attractions and staff deployment. Personalized recommendations for rides, shows, and dining options enhance the guest experience by leveraging data from past visits and preferences.

• Enhanced guest satisfaction through personalized experiences.
• Improved operational efficiency in park management.
• AI can transform the entertainment and hospitality businesses by personalizing consumer experiences.
• Efficient management of operations using AI leads to improved customer satisfaction.

38. BMW: Reinventing Mobility with Autonomous Driving

Task/Conflict: The future of mobility heavily relies on the development of safe and efficient autonomous driving technologies. BMW aimed to dominate in this field by incorporating AI into their vehicles.

Solution: BMW is advancing its autonomous driving capabilities through AI, using sophisticated machine learning models to process data from vehicle sensors and external environments. This technology enables vehicles to make intelligent driving decisions, improving safety and passenger experiences.

• Pioneering advancements in autonomous vehicle technology.
• Enhanced safety and user experience in mobility.
• AI is crucial for the development of autonomous driving technologies.
• Safety and reliability are paramount in developing AI-driven vehicles.

39. Mastercard: Innovating Payment Solutions with AI

Task/Conflict: In the digital age, securing online transactions and enhancing payment processing efficiency are critical challenges. Mastercard aimed to leverage AI to address these issues, ensuring secure and seamless payment experiences for users.

Solution: Mastercard integrates AI to monitor transactions in real time, detect fraudulent activities, and enhance the efficiency of payment processing. AI algorithms analyze spending patterns and flag anomalies, while also optimizing authorization processes to reduce false declines and improve user satisfaction.

• Strengthened security and reduced fraud in transactions.
• Improved efficiency and user experience in payment processing.
• AI is necessary for securing and streamlining expense systems.
• Enhanced transaction processing efficiency leads to higher customer satisfaction.

40. AstraZeneca: Revolutionizing Oncology with AI

Task/Conflict: Advancing cancer research and developing effective treatments is a pressing challenge in healthcare. AstraZeneca aimed to utilize AI to revolutionize oncology research, enhancing the development and personalization of cancer treatments.

Solution: AstraZeneca employs AI to analyze genetic data and clinical trial results, identifying potential treatment pathways and personalizing therapies based on individual genetic profiles. This approach accelerates the development of targeted treatments and improves the efficacy of cancer therapies.

• Accelerated innovation and personalized treatment in oncology.
• Better survival chances for cancer patients.
• AI can significantly advance personalized medicine in oncology.
• Data-driven approaches in healthcare lead to better treatment outcomes and innovations.

Related: How can AI be used in Tennis?

Closing Thoughts

These 40 case studies illustrate the transformative power of AI across various industries. By addressing specific challenges and leveraging AI solutions, companies have achieved remarkable outcomes, from enhancing customer experiences to solving complex scientific problems. The key learnings from these cases underscore AI’s potential to revolutionize industries, improve efficiencies, and open up new possibilities for innovation and growth.

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• Digital Health
• Artificial Intelligence
• Self-Driving Cars

A Case Study: Developing Technology for Good

Remember when being able to speak to someone on a video call was the kind of future technology you’d only see in movies? Today, especially for those of us working remotely, it’s a daily occurrence. Technological advances have fundamentally changed the way we consume media, the way we interact, how we shape our opinions and how we manage our lives. Technology is a powerful enabler of change.

For some companies, the change that technology is capable of goes beyond cool gadgets that help us do new things faster, better or with less effort. It’s the kind of change that affects our global future. Today’s technology can solve some of the world’s most challenging issues — health, hunger, poverty and the urban water crisis. We call this tech for good. One company that is bringing this to life — consumer packaged goods giant, Procter & Gamble.

An Innovative Approach

PG is showing up at CES 2021 with brands from its oral care, home care and fabric care categories that are based on a deep level of consumer understanding and cutting-edge technology that can impact your everyday. But they are also showcasing technologies that are focused on driving change for a better future.

This year P&G is highlighting 50L Home in its virtual exhibit. This innovative concept brings together companies, policymakers and communities to develop and scale innovations for the home that help solve the urban water crisis. They believe that through technologies and innovations they can reduce the amount of water that people use each day from 500L down to 50L without any tradeoff. This tech for good would not only reduce the usage of water in the home but improve the water crisis that is being experienced around the globe.

P&G has also brought Oral-B iO, a smart toothbrush featuring a linear magnetic drive designed to make electronic brushing frictionless. So, how exactly does a toothbrush do good in the world? Consider this: Oral health issues, such as gum disease and tooth decay, affect billions of people around the world. In the U.S., about 25% of people will lose all of their teeth by the age of 65. Schoolchildren in the U.S. lose 34 million hours of school time every year because of oral health issues. But that’s just the tip of the iceberg.

A growing body of evidence suggests a clear link between oral health and whole-body health, as explained by Steve Bishop, CEO of P&G Health Care, at the CES Research Summit in 2020. This further suggests that improving oral care habits and oral health can improve health and quality of life around the world. Creating a toothbrush that helps you brush better and more completely, that shapes healthy oral care habits and that can create a better dialog between consumers and their oral health care providers, isn’t just about having a whiter smile. It’s building healthy, effective routines out of everyday actions that are bigger than they seem on the surface.

Can a toothbrush change the world for the better? P&G thinks so.

To learn more, visit pglifelab.com or view P&G’s LifeLab exhibit at  CES 2021.

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Technology in Business. 5 Successful Cases When Companies Succeeded in Digital

• Domino’s Pizza

What About Small Businesses?

Let the journey start.

We have compiled a list of bright stories and case studies on how technology in business helped improve KPIs and achieve better returns. Enjoy!

Domino’s Pizza

Context: Domino’s Pizza is one of the biggest pizza restaurant chains in the world. This is an international business operating in more than 83 countries . The business started its journey pretty successfully. In 2007, the stock price of Domino’s Pizza was $32.25. This was a good rise compared to $14.70 in 2004. But in 2008, things started to change. Domino’s experienced a steady decline. In October of the same year, their stock price was only $5.95. The team started to look for ways to revamp the business and grow again.

Challenge: Drop in demand and decrease in popularity. Domino’s Pizza had to transform its service delivery and bring more value to customers.

Solution: Domino’s team understood that making tasteful pizzas is not enough in the competitive environment. Technology and business had to be brought together to produce extra value. This value would help the company stand out and immediately attract client attention. The team knew that if you offer customers a better service at the same price, they will choose you over the competitors. This was the point when Domino’s turned into a tech-savvy company. Business technology was one of the tools that helped the business fight crisis. They started to integrate business technology to improve agility .

The company’s concept of Domino’s Anyware enables clients to order their favorite pizza via dozens of channels. This makes it very convenient for people to make an order regardless of where they are. Namely, you can order via Smart TV, Facebook Messenger, Alexa, and even Twitter! Twitter is probably the most impressive and unusual place to make orders. But it works. Here is how:

Domino’s Pizza makes this possible with the help of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Smart chatbots integrated into different digital channels process big volumes of data. They are also capable of automating order fulfillment. All you need to make use of Domino’s Anyware is to have your Pizza account registered. All the information, including the one about your favorite orders, will be automatically extracted from the account. Chatbots enable users to place and track their orders, speed up order processing, and improve the service based on client feedback.

When the pandemic attacked humanity, Domino’s also found a way to adjust. They offered the so-called Carside Delivery  option. It is the delivery method that enables clients to choose a side of the car where their order will be delivered. If, for instance, a customer sits in the front seat, the delivery person will put the order in the back seat.

Value: How does technology help business? Let’s see. With technology, Domino’s has become a company delivering multi-experience client service. Customers truly enjoy the convenience that Domino’s offers. The opportunity to order pizza nearly anywhere makes the business a part of a customer’s daily routine. Clients see the presence of the business in many channels. This sets a robust connection with the audience. Figures point to great results, too. This year, Domino’s increased their stock price to $396.96 .

Context: Michelin is the second largest tire manufacturer in the world. The company has a long history. It was founded more than 130 years ago. Since then, Michelin has carried their best practices and values through time. Yet, the tech advancements of modern times don’t allow such a big business to stand aside. The company’s goal is to grow and self-improve together with their clients. As vehicles get smarter and more advanced, the businesses that serve car owners’ needs should keep pace with them as well.

Challenge: Stay competitive in the age of smart manufacturing and production.

Solution: Michelin decided to build an effective digital growth strategy with three focus areas. First, streamline and speed up business operations. Second, offer a personalized experience to their B2B clients and end users. Third, use technology to build new business strategies and models.

The company has an R&D department that constantly looks for ways to bring innovation to their business. Researchers extensively test AI capacities to streamline manufacturing and improve client experience. AI-powered data circulation across different areas of business enables the Micheline team to accelerate decisions and build a performant collective business intelligence all departments can rely on. What’s more, the company uses collaborative robots that automate routine jobs, save time, and alleviate the workload.

Value: With top-notch technology, Michelin reaches better ROI, gets more safety and comfort, and improves performance. AI-powered data storage, visualization, and the creation of new models allow the team to spend fewer physical resources on testing. They can test a new service delivery model with the software, create digital twins, and anticipate cost-prohibitive issues. This, in turn, reduces the risks and leads to more precise decision-making.

Context: As a leading retail giant, Walmart has a deep sense of market changes and the importance of technology for business. The need to transform the way clients interact with the brand became evident to Walmart’s team. Moreover, the company had enough capabilities to invest in digital transformation and upgrade back-office operations.

Challenge: Bring innovation, fight competition, and digitize the shopping experience.

Solution: The challenge of the use of technology in business had two sides. On the one hand, Walmart wanted to renovate the services they deliver to a customer. On the other hand, the team needed to revamp the way they run management, administration, and other in-house processes. In 2018, Walmart invested more than $11 billion in tech renovation. As a part of their business growth strategy, they decided to partner with leading tech companies. These were Google ( voice-enabled commerce ) and Microsoft (cloud computing).

Because of the changing consumer demands, Walmart also decided to strengthen their social media presence. Omnichannel retailing was a strategy for reaching a millennial audience and fully satisfying their needs. As for the back-office innovations, these included the modernization of the supply chain and inventory management. This enabled the company to lower the costs and service prices by optimizing and balancing them in various digital channels. AI-powered data analytics integrated into their supply chain solutions give the company access to data about a customer. Understanding client needs helps them to adjust their marketing effort and make data-driven decisions .

Walmart invested in Data Café , the data storing and management hub that processes data collected from more than 20,000 Walmart stores and more than 200 internal sources. In Data Café, Walmart data experts visualize, manipulate, and interpret data for faster decision-making and better ROI. The company also integrated artificial intelligence technologies for business as well as blockchain. This improved the traceability of products down the supply chain.

This is how the company’s digital transformation looked from the tech side:

Value: Walmart digitized its supply chain management, CRM , marketing and sales, and other aspects. This enabled the company to reach efficiency and reduce expenses. Faster inventory processing reduces time to market and enables the team to diversify client experiences. Walmart has become a highly technological company with most of the processes running digitally.

Context: Nike is one of the leading apparel manufacturers that always put innovation and client comfort in the first place. This is rooted in the very mission of the company and the digital transformation strategy they follow. When the pandemic started, the company fully realized the need to go digital and work on online audience engagement. The team saw the gaps that had to be covered to build a robust ecommerce strategy.

Challenge: Update the ecommerce strategy so that online retail becomes a robust revenue channel.

Solution: In 2017, Nike decided to move away from wholesale and build a strategy for directly connecting with their clients. Direct access to the target audience has become a priority for Nike’s team. The decision to exit wholesale was tricky as 80% of Nike’s profit came exactly from it. Other businesses probably wouldn’t take such a risk. But Nike did. The company’s desire to differentiate itself pushed it to build and improve its digital channels.

To increase the significance of Nike’s digital channels for a user, the brand needed to build an ecosystem. Like Apple’s example, Nike used the capacity of business technology to build applications that extend the company’s services. These are Nike Run Club and Nike Training Club apps that can be downloaded to mobile devices:

Users of these apps get access to various training programs. They become members of Nike’s community. Clients now think of the company not as a retailer but as a brand cultivating a healthy lifestyle and making perfect clothes and footwear for doing sports.

Value: Ecommerce sales of Nike were estimated at 43% today . Though, the company expects them to reach 50% by the end of the year. Understanding client needs that go beyond primitive shopping habits lies at the core of Nike’s recent success. The company managed to integrate business technology into building a direct and personalized connection with their audience.

Context: From the very beginning, Tesla knew how to use technology in business to stand out. Tesla was not among the typical industry representatives. The positioning of the brand included transformational and innovative ideas. The bunch of benefits the company offers to the audience impresses. Tesla cars are highly innovative, eco-friendly, future-proof, and easy to maintain. How does Tesla manage to achieve such a great result? With effective technology, of course.

Challenge: Use top-notch technologies to redefine the way people see cars and their functions.

Solution: Tesla is the only car manufacturer in the world that introduces software updates over the air. To get safety, performance, or convenience updates, a client doesn’t need to put effort. The manufacturer automatically improves the vehicle’s characteristics and capacities. All you need to do is to download a software update using Wi-Fi and launch the installation.

What’s more, a person doesn’t have to visit a showroom to purchase a car. The company uses online channels to enable online car purchases across the globe. As in the case of the pizza ordered from Domino’s, you can fill in the form and order a Tesla car. Such a simple approach to sales simplifies the way one has to go through to decide if they need a new vehicle.

Sure, the opportunity to visit a showroom and run a test drive is available. This automotive company also plans to integrate AR technology into the manufacturing process. AR is expected to ensure quick data access for manufacturers across the factory. The workers will easily get the images they need in front of their eyes to ensure an uninterrupted and smooth production chain process.

Tesla regularly introduces new interesting features to their infotainment software system. There are popular apps integrated into the system. These include streaming platforms and video portals like YouTube, Netflix, or Hulu. What’s the most exciting is that you can turn the arcade mode on and use your steering wheel buttons for game navigation. Sure, this function is unavailable when driving. But as soon as you park the car, you can enjoy the multi-dimensional experiences that the smart vehicle gives you.

Value: For Tesla clients, the company has turned from a car manufacturer only to a brand with a consistent mission and significant impact on the market. Tesla Motors managed to set an uninterrupted connection with their audience. By offering unique opportunities for clients, they got rid of the need to have a mediator between them and their customers. Tesla directly influences the audience. This reduces the time needed to present a product to the market.

Besides, the company transformed people’s view of the function of cars. In addition to primitive values like transportation ability, a car has become a place where you enjoy a high comfort level and entertainment opportunities.

Hearing success stories of well-known brands is truly inspiring. But what if you are a small-size company that plans to grow and digitize? We would say that it’s even better. When you are on the market for a long time, it’s harder for you to revamp your processes in the company. It’s hard to teach people to work differently and to teach clients to perceive your business and your values differently. This is why growing businesses can digitize their operations with fewer risks and losses.

The use of technology in businesses is a win-to-win solution. You can perform many types of work and roles with technology. If you want to conduct a full-scale digital transformation, contact our team and we will do it together. If you are wondering what to start with, we’ll give you a few ideas of useful software tools that can upgrade and modernize your work.

• Project management software. If you have several teams that deal with different processes, a project management tool can be a useful addition to the communication software you use. It helps managers to track everyone’s activity daily, assign new roles and tasks to remote workers, set goals and plans, track progress, prevent delays, schedule video conferencing, etc.
• CRM system. A custom relationship management system enables marketers and sales departments to manage their customer information and relationships with clients digitally. With such software programs, you’ll know when it’s the right time to get in touch with your clients not to lose them.
• HR management system. Such a system is used for managing work schedules, time offs, sick leaves, announcing important dates, etc. You’ll keep track of how your company grows, how many teams you have and what team composition is, and much more. Combining HR systems with management information systems can give you clues on how to improve your organization’s key metrics.
• E-signature tools. A perfect choice if your employees work remotely. Such tools enable your team to sign documents and agreements online. All you need is to create an electronic signature in such a tool and provide your email address to sign and receive documents.
• Accounting and automated reporting software. Managing incomes, taxes, invoices, and automated generation of reports is possible with accounting systems. You’ll reduce the workload of your accountants, prevent fraud, and eliminate mistakes in calculations.
• Password management tool. More and more people choose this type of software. There’s no need to worry about the security of all your accounts. A password management system allows you to store all your passwords safely in one place and ensures the safety of remote work.
• Data backup software. A secure data backup tool allows you to protect your data in case of a system vulnerability or crack.

In this article, we explained how technology helps business growth. No matter how big your business is, there are plenty of ways new tech can help you grow. For big enterprises, investing money in full-scale IT renovation can be a way to become more efficient and performant. For small business owners who plan to grow, digitizing their business function will also mean process optimization and more opportunities to scale up.

Forbytes is a software product engineering company with cross-industry experience in the business world. We can help you customize the software to fully meet your needs or build a solution from scratch. Our products are user-oriented and capable of preparing your business for tomorrow.

Contact Forbytes if you think that we can create team synergy and push you towards better ROI.

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Case study on adoption of new technology for innovation: Perspective of institutional and corporate entrepreneurship

Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

ISSN : 2398-7812

Article publication date: 7 August 2017

This paper aims at investigating the role of institutional entrepreneurship and corporate entrepreneurship to cope with firm’ impasses by adoption of the new technology ahead of other firms. Also, this paper elucidates the importance of own specific institutional and corporate entrepreneurship created from firm’s norm.

Design/methodology/approach

The utilized research frame is as follows: first, perspective of studies on institutional and corporate entrepreneurship are performed using prior literature and preliminary references; second, analytical research frame was proposed; finally, phase-based cases are conducted so as to identify research objective.

Kumho Tire was the first tire manufacturer in the world to exploit the utilization of radio-frequency identification for passenger carâ’s tire. Kumho Tire takes great satisfaction in lots of failures to develop the cutting edge technology using advanced information and communication technology cultivated by heterogeneous institution and corporate entrepreneurship.

Originality/value

The firm concentrated its resources into building the organization’s communication process and enhancing the quality of its human resources from the early stages of their birth so as to create distinguishable corporate entrepreneurship.

• Corporate entrepreneurship
• Institutional entrepreneurship

Han, J. and Park, C.-m. (2017), "Case study on adoption of new technology for innovation: Perspective of institutional and corporate entrepreneurship", Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship , Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 144-158. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-08-2017-031

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2017, Junghee Han and Chang-min Park.

Published in the Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship . Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial & non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode

1. Introduction

Without the entrepreneur, invention and new knowledge possibly have lain dormant in the memory of persons or in the pages of literature. There is a Korean saying, “Even if the beads are too much, they become treasure after sewn”. This implies importance of entrepreneurship. In general, innovativeness and risk-taking are associated with entrepreneurial activity and, more importantly, are considered to be important attributes that impact the implementation of new knowledge pursuing.

Implementation of cutting edge technology ahead of other firms is an important mechanism for firms to achieve competitive advantage ( Capon et al. , 1990 ; D’Aveni, 1994 ). Certainly, new product innovation continues to play a vital role in competitive business environment and is considered to be a key driver of firm performance, especially as a significant form of corporate entrepreneurship ( Srivastava and Lee, 2005 ). Corporate entrepreneurship is critical success factor for a firm’s survival, profitability and growth ( Phan et al. , 2009 ).

The first-mover has identified innovativeness and risk-taking as important attributes of first movers. Lumpkin and Dess (1996) argued that proactiveness is a key entrepreneurial characteristic related to new technology adoption and product. This study aims to investigate the importance of corporate and institutional entrepreneurship through analyzing the K Tire’s first adaptation of Radio-frequency identification (RFID) among the world tire manufactures. Also, this paper can contribute to start ups’ readiness for cultivating of corporate and institutional entrepreneurship from initial stage to grow and survive.

K Tire is the Korean company that, for the first time in the world, applied RFID to manufacturing passenger vehicle tires in 2013. Through such efforts, the company has built an innovation model that utilizes ICTs. The adoption of the technology distinguishes K Tire from other competitors, which usually rely on bar codes. None of the global tire manufacturers have applied the RFID technology to passenger vehicle tires. K Tire’s decision to apply RFID to passenger vehicle tires for the first time in the global tire industry, despite the uncertainties associated with the adoption of innovative technologies, is being lauded as a successful case of innovation. In the global tire market, K Tire belongs to the second tier, rather than the leader group consisting of manufacturers with large market shares. Then, what led K Tire to apply RFID technology to the innovation of its manufacturing process? A company that adopts innovative technologies ahead of others, even if the company is a latecomer, demonstrates its distinguishing characteristics in terms of innovation. As such, this study was motivated by the following questions. With regard to the factors that facilitate innovation, first, what kind of the corporate and institutional situations that make a company more pursue innovation? Second, what are the technological situations? Third, how do the environmental situations affect innovation? A case study offers the benefit of a closer insight into the entrepreneurship frame of a specific company. This study has its frame work rooted in corporate entrepreneurship ( Guth and Ginsberg, 1990 ; Shane and Venkataraman, 2000 ) and institutional entrepreneurship ( Battilana, 2006 ; Fligstein, 1997 ; Rojas, 2010 ). As mentioned, we utilized qualitative research method ( Yin, 2008 ). This paper is structured as follows. Section two presents the literature review, and section three present the methodology and a research case. Four and five presents discussion and conclusions and implications, respectively.

2. Theoretical review and analysis model

RFID technology is to be considered as not high technology; however, it is an entirely cutting edged skills when combined with automotive tire manufacturing. To examine why and how the firm behaves like the first movers, taking incomparable high risks to achieve aims unlike others, we review three kinds of prior literature. As firms move from stage to stage, they have to revamp innovative capabilities to survive and ceaseless stimulate growth.

2.1 Nature of corporate entrepreneurship

Before reviewing the corporate entrepreneurship, it is needed to understand what entrepreneurship is. To more understand the role that entrepreneurship plays in modern economy, one need refer to insights given by Schumpeter (1942) or Kirzner (1997) . Schumpeter suggests that entrepreneurship is an engine of economic growth by utilization of new technologies. He also insists potential for serving to discipline firms in their struggle to survive gale of creative destruction. While Schumper argued principle of entrepreneurship, Kirzner explains the importance of opportunities. The disruptions generated by creative destruction are exploited by individuals who are alert enough to exploit the opportunities that arise ( Kirzner, 1997 ; Shane and Venkataraman, 2000 ).

Commonly all these perspectives on entrepreneurship is an appreciation that the emergence of novelty is not an easy or predictable process. Based on literature review, we note that entrepreneurship is heterogeneous interests and seek “something new” associated with novel outcomes. Considering the literature review, we can observe that entrepreneurship is the belief in individual autonomy and discretion, and a mindset that locates agency in individuals for creating new activities ( Meyer et al. ,1994 ; Jepperson and Meyer, 2001 ).

the firm’s commitment to innovation (including creation and introduction of products, emphasis on R&D investments and commitment to patenting);

the firm’s venturing activities, such as entry into new business fields by sponsoring new ventures and creating new businesses; and

strategic renewal efforts aimed at revitalizing the firm’s ability to compete.

developing innovation an organizational tool;

allowing the employees to propose ideas; and

encouraging and nurturing the new knowledge ( Hisrich, 1986 ; Kuratko, 2007 ).

Consistent with the above stream of research, our paper focuses on a firm’s new adaptation of RFID as a significant form of corporate entrepreneurial activity. Thus, CE refers to the activities a firm undertakes to stimulate innovation and encourage calculated risk taking throughout its operations. Considering prior literature reviews, we propose that corporate entrepreneurship is the process by which individuals inside the organization pursuing opportunities without regards to the resources they control.

If a firm has corporate entrepreneurship, innovation (i.e. transformation of the existing firm, the birth of new business organization and innovation) happens. In sum, corporate entrepreneurship plays a role to pursue to be a first mover from a latecomer by encompassing the three phenomena.

2.2 Institution and institutional entrepreneurship

Most literature regarding entrepreneurship deals with the attribute of individual behavior. More recently, scholars have attended to the wider ecosystem that serves to reinforce risk-taking behavior. Institution and institutional entrepreneurship is one way to look at ecosystem that how individuals and groups attempt to try to become entrepreneurial activities and innovation.

Each organization has original norm and intangible rules. According to the suggestion by Scott (1995) , institutions constrain behavior as a result of processes associated with institutional pillars. The question how actors within the organizations become motivated and enabled to transform the taken-for-granted structures has attracted substantial attention for institutionalist. To understand why some firms are more likely to seek innovation activities despite numerous difficulties and obstacles, we should take look at the institutional entrepreneurship.

the regulative, which induces worker’s action through coercion and formal sanction;

the normative, which induces worker’s action through norms of acceptability and ethics; and

the cognitive, which induces worker’s action through categories and frames by which actors know and interpret their world.

North (1990) defines institutions as the humanly devised constraints that structure human action. Actors within some organization with sufficient resources have intend to look at them an opportunity to realize interests that they value highly ( DiMaggio, 1988 ).

It opened institutional arguments to ideas from the co-evolving entrepreneurship literature ( Aldrich and Fiol, 1994 ; Aldrich and Martinez, 2001 ). The core argument of the institutional entrepreneurship is mechanisms enabling force to motivate for actors to act difficult task based on norm, culture and shared value. The innovation, adopting RFID, a technology not verified in terms of its effectiveness for tires, can be influenced by the institution of the society.

A firm is the organizations. An organization is situated within an institution that has social and economic norms. Opportunity is important for entrepreneurship. The concept of institutional entrepreneurship refer to the activities of worker or actor who have new opportunity to realize interest that they values highly ( DiMaggio, 1988 ). DiMaggio (1988) argues that opportunity for institutional entrepreneurship will be “seen” and “exploited” by within workers and not others depending on their resources and interests respectively.

Despite that ambiguity for success was given, opportunity and motivation for entrepreneurs to act strategically, shape emerging institutional arrangements or standards to their interests ( Fligstein and Mara-Drita, 1996 ; Garud et al. , 2002 ; Hargadon and Douglas, 2001 ; Maguire et al. , 2004 ).

Resource related to opportunity within institutional entrepreneurship include formal or informal authority and power ( Battilana, 2006 ; Rojas, 2010 ). Maguire et al. (2004) suggest legitimacy as an important ingredient related to opportunity for institutional entrepreneurship. Some scholars suggest opportunity resources for institutional entrepreneurship as various aspects. For instance, Marquire and Hardy (2009) show that knowledge and expertise is more crucial resources. Social capital, including market leadership and social network, is importance resource related to opportunity ( Garud et al. , 2002 ; Lawrence et al. , 2005 ; Townley, 2002 ). From a sociological perspective, change associated with entrepreneurship implies deviations from some norm ( Garud and Karnøe, 2003 ).

Institutional entrepreneurship is therefore a concept that reintroduces agency, interests and power into institutional analyses of organizations. Based on the previous discussion, this study defines institution as three processes of network activity; coercion and formal sanction, normative and cognitive, to acquire the external knowledge from adopting common goals and rules inside an organization. It would be an interesting approach to look into a specific company to see whether it is proactive towards adopting ICTs (e.g. RFID) and innovation on the basis of such theoretical background.

2.3. Theoretical analysis frame

Companies innovate themselves in response to the challenges of the ever-changing markets and technologies, so as to ensure their survival and growth ( Tushman and Anderson, 1986 ; Tidd and Bessant, 2009 ; Teece, 2014 ). As illustrated above, to achieve the purpose of this study, the researcher provides the following frames of analyses based on the theoretical background discussed above ( Figure 1 ).

3. Case study

3.1 methodology.

It is a highly complicated and tough task to analyze the long process of innovation at a company. In this paper, we used analytical approach rather than the problem-oriented method because the case is examined to find and understand what has happened and why. It is not necessary to identify problems or suggest solutions. Namely, this paper analyzes that “why K Tire becomes a first mover from a late comer through first adoption of RFID technology for automotive tire manufacture with regards to process and production innovations”.

To study the organizational characteristics such as corporate entrepreneurship, institutional entrepreneurship, innovation process of companies, the qualitative case study is the suitable method. This is because a case study is a useful method when verifying or expanding well-known theories or challenging a specific theory ( Yin, 2008 ). This study seeks to state the frame of analysis established, based on previously established theories through a single case. K Tire was selected as the sample because it is the first global tire manufacturer, first mover to achieve innovation by developing and applying RFID.

The data for the case study were collected as follows. First, this study was conducted from April 2015 to the end of December 2015. Additional expanded data also were collected from September 12 to November 22, 2016, to pursue the goal of this paper. Coauthor worked for K Tire for more than 30 year, and currently serves as the CEO of an affiliate company. As such, we had the most hands-on knowledge and directed data in the process of adoption RFID. This makes this case study a form of participant observation ( Yin, 2008 ). To secure data on institutional entrepreneurship, in-depth interviews were conducted with the vice president of K Tire. The required data were secured using e-mail, and the researchers accepted the interviewees’ demand to keep certain sensitive matters confidential. The interviewees agreed to record the interview sessions. In this way, a 20-min interview data were secured for each interviewee. In addition, apart from the internal data of the subject company, other objective data were obtained by investigating various literatures published through the press.

3.2 Company overview

In September 1960, K Tire was established in South Korea as the name of Samyang Tire. In that time, the domestic automobile industry in Korea was at a primitive stage, as were auto motive parts industries like the tire industry. K Tire products 20 tires a day, depending on manual labor because of our backward technology and shortage of facilities.

The growth of K Tire was astonishment. Despite the 1974 oil shock and difficulties in procuring raw materials, K Tire managed to achieve remarkable growth. In 1976, K Tire became the leader in the tire sector and was listed on the Korea Stock Exchange. Songjung plant II was added in 1977. Receiving the grand prize of the Korea Quality Control Award in 1979, K Tire sharpened its corporate image with the public. The turmoil of political instability and feverish democratization in the 1980s worsened the business environment. K Tire also underwent labor-management struggles but succeeded in straightening out one issue after another. In the meantime, the company chalked up a total output of 50 million tires, broke ground for its Koksung plant and completed its proving ground in preparation for a new takeoff.

In the 1990s, K Tire expanded its research capability and founded technical research centers in the USA and the United Kingdom to establish a global R&D network. It also concentrated its capabilities in securing the foundation as a global brand, by building world-class R&D capabilities and production systems. Even in the 2000s, the company maintained its growth as a global company through continued R&D efforts by securing its production and quality capabilities, supplying tires for new models to Mercedes, Benz, Volkswagen and other global auto manufacturers.

3.3 Implementation of radio-frequency identification technology

RFID is radio-frequency identification technology to recognize stored information by using a magnetic carrier wave. RFID tags can be either passive, active or battery-assisted passive (BAP). An active tag has an on-board battery and periodically transmits its ID signal. A BAP has a small battery on board and is activated when in the presence of an RFID reader. A passive tag is cheaper and smaller because it has no battery; instead, the tag uses the radio energy transmitted by the reader. However, to operate a passive tag, it must be illuminated with a power level roughly a thousand times stronger than for signal transmission. That makes a difference in interference and in exposure to radiation.

an integrated circuit for storing and processing information, modulating and demodulating a radio frequency signal, collecting DC power from the incident reader signal, and other specialized functions; and

an antenna for receiving and transmitting the signal.

capable of recognizing information without contact;

capable of recognizing information regardless of the direction;

capable of reading and saving a large amount of data;

requires less time to recognize information;

can be designed or manufactured in accordance with the system or environmental requirements;

capable of recognizing data unaffected by contamination or the environment;

not easily damaged and cheaper to maintain, compared with the bar code system; and

tags are reusable.

3.3.1 Phase 1. Background of exploitation of radio-frequency identification (2005-2010).

Despite rapid growth of K Tire since 1960, K Tire ranked at the 13th place in the global market (around 2 per cent of the global market share) as of 2012. To enlarge global market share is desperate homework. K Tire was indispensable to develop the discriminated technologies. When bar code system commonly used by the competitors, and the industry leaders, K Tire had a decision for adoption of RFID technology instead of bar code system for tires as a first mover strategy instead of a late comer with regard to manufacture tires for personal vehicle. In fact, K Tire met two kinds of hardship. Among the top 20, the second-tier companies with market shares of 1-2 per cent are immersed in fiercer competitions to advance their ranks. The fierceness of the competition is reflected in the fact that of the companies ranked between the 11th and 20th place, only two maintained their rank from 2013.

With the demand for stricter product quality control and manufacture history tracking expanding among the auto manufacturers, tire manufacturers have come to face the need to change their way of production and logistics management. Furthermore, a tire manufacturer cannot survive if it does not properly respond to the ever stricter and exacting demand for safe passenger vehicle tires of higher quality from customers and auto manufacturers. As mentioned above, K Tire became one of the top 10 companies in the global markets, recording fast growth until the early 2000. During this period, K Tire drew the attention of the global markets with a series of new technologies and innovative technologies through active R&D efforts. Of those new products, innovative products – such as ultra-high-performance tires – led the global markets and spurred the company’s growth. However, into the 2010s, the propriety of the UHP tire technology was gradually lost, and the effect of the innovation grew weaker as the global leading companies stepped forward to take the reign in the markets. Subsequently, K Tire suffered from difficulties across its businesses, owing to the failure to develop follow-up innovative products or market-leading products, as well as the aggressive activities by the company’s hardline labor union. Such difficulties pushed K Tire down to the 13th position in 2014, which sparked the dire need to bring about innovative changes within the company.

3.3.2 Phase 2. Ceaseless endeavor and its failure (2011-2012).

It needs to be lightweight : An RFID tag attached inside a vehicle may adversely affect the weight balance of the tires. A heavier tag has greater adverse impact on the tire performance. Therefore, a tag needs to be as light as possible.

It needs to be durable : Passenger vehicle tires are exposed to extensive bending and stretching, as well as high levels of momentum, which may damage a tag, particularly causing damage to or even loss of the antenna section.

It needs to maintain adhesiveness : Tags are attached on the inner surface, which increase the possibility of the tags falling off from the surface while the vehicle is in motion.

It needs to be resistant to high temperature and high pressure : While going through the tire manufacture process, a tag is exposed to a high temperature of around 200°C and high pressure of around 30 bars. Therefore, a tag should maintain its physical integrity and function at such high pressure and temperature.

It needs to be less costly : A passenger vehicle tire is smaller, and therefore cheaper than truck/bus tires. As a result, an RFID tag places are greater burden on the production cost.

Uncountable tag prototypes, were applied to around 200 test tires in South Korea for actual driving tests. Around 150 prototypes were sent to extremely hot regions overseas for actual driving tests. However, the driving tests revealed damage to the antenna sections of the tags embedded in tires, as the tires reached the end of their wear life. Also, there was separation of the embedded tags from the rubber layers. This confirmed the risk of tire separation, resulting in the failure of the tag development attempt.

3.3.3 Phase 3. Success of adoption RFID (2013-2014).

Despite the numerous difficulties and failures in the course of development, the company ultimately emerged successful, owing to its institutional entrepreneurship and corporate entrepreneurship the government’s support. Owing to the government-led support project, K Tire resumed its RFID development efforts in 2011. This time, the company discarded the idea of the embedded-type tag, which was attempted during the first development. Instead, the company turned to attached-type tag. The initial stages were marked with numerous failures: the size of a tag was large at 20 × 70 mm, which had adverse impact on the rotation balance of the tires, and the attached area was too large, causing the attached sections to fall off as the tire stretched and bent. That was when all personnel from the technical, manufacturing, and logistics department participated in creating ideas to resolve the tag size and adhesiveness issues. Through cooperation across the different departments and repeated tests, K Tire successfully developed its RFID tag by coming up with new methods to minimize the tag size to its current size (9 × 45 mm), maintain adhesiveness and lower the tag price. Finally, K Tire was success the adoption RFID.

3.3.4 Phase 4. Establishment of the manufacture, logistics and marketing tracking system.

Whenever subtle and problematic innovation difficulties arise, every worker and board member moves forward through networking and knowledge sharing within intra and external.

While a bar code is only capable of storing the information on the nationality, manufacturer and category of a product, an RFID tag is capable of storing a far wider scope of information: nationality, manufacturer, category, manufacturing date, machines used, lot number, size, color, quantity, date and place of delivery and recipient. In addition, while the data stored in a bar code cannot be revised or expanded once the code is generated, an RFID tag allows for revisions, additions and removal of data. As for the recognition capability, a bar code recognizes 95per cent of the data at the maximum temperature of 70°C. An RFID tag, on the other hand, recognizes 99.9 per cent of the data at 120°C.

The manufacture and transportation information during the semi-finished product process before the shaping process is stored in the RFID tags, which is attached to the delivery equipment to be provided to the MLMTS;

Logistics Products released from the manufacture process are stored in the warehouses, to be released and transported again to logistics centers inside and outside of South Korea. The RFID tags record the warehousing information, as the products are stored into the warehouses, as well as the release information as the products are released. The information is instantly delivered to the MLMTS;

As a marketing, the RFID tags record the warehousing information of the products supplied and received by sales branches from the logistics centers, as well as the sales information of the products sold to consumers. The information is instantly delivered to the MLMTS; and

As a role of integrative Server, MLM Integrative Server manages the overall information transmitted from the infrastructures for each section (production information, inventory status and release information, product position and inventory information, consumer sales information, etc.).

The MLMTS provides the company with various systemic functions to integrate and manage such information: foolproof against manufacture process errors, manufacture history and quality tracking for each individual product, warehousing/releasing and inventory status control for each process, product position control between processes, real-time warehouse monitoring, release control and history information tracking across products of different sizes, as well as link/control of sales and customer information. To consumers, the system provides convenience services by providing production and quality information of the products, provision of the product history through full tracking in the case of a claim, as well as a tire pressure monitoring system:

“South korea’s K Tire Co. Inc. has begun applying radio-frequency identification (RFID) system tags on: half-finished” tire since June 16. We are now using an IoT based production and distribution integrated management system to apply RFID system on our “half-finished products” the tire maker said, claiming this is a world-first in the industry. The technology will enable K Tire to manage products more efficiently than its competitors, according to the company. RFID allows access to information about a product’s location, storage and release history, as well as its inventory management (London, 22, 2015 Tire Business).

4. Discussions

Originally, aims of RFID adoption for passenger car “half-finished product” is to chase the front runners, Hankook Tire in Korea including global leading companies like Bridgestone, Michaelin and Goodyear. In particular, Hankook Tire, established in 1941 has dominated domestic passenger tire market by using the first mover’s advantage. As a late comer, K Tire needs distinguishable innovation strategy which is RFID adoption for passenger car’s tire, “half-finished product” to overcome shortage of number of distribution channels. Adoption of RFID technology for passenger car’s tire has been known as infeasible methodologies according to explanation by Changmin Park, vice-CTO (chief technology officer) until K Tire’s success.

We lensed success factors as three perspectives; institutional entrepreneurship, corporate entrepreneurship and innovation. First, as a corporate entrepreneurship perspective, adopting innovative technologies having uncertainties accompanies by a certain risk of failure. Corporate entrepreneurship refers to firm’s effort that inculcate and promote innovation and risk taking throughout its operations ( Burgelman, 1983 ; Guth and Ginsberg, 1990 ). K Tire’s success was made possible by overcome the uncountable difficulties based on shared value and norms (e.g. Fligstein and Mara-Drita, 1996 ; Garud et al. , 2002 ; Hargadon and Douglas, 2001 ; Maguire et al. , 2004 ).

An unsuccessful attempt at developing innovative technologies causes direct loss, as well as loss of the opportunity costs. This is why many companies try to avoid risks by adopting or following the leading companies’ technologies or the dominant technologies. Stimulating corporate entrepreneurship requires firms to acquire and use new knowledge to exploit emerging opportunities. This knowledge could be obtained by joining alliances, selectively hiring key personnel, changing the composition or decision-making processes of a company’s board of directors or investing in R&D activities. When the firm uses multiple sources of knowledge ( Branzei and Vertinsky, 2006 ; Thornhill, 2006 ), some of these sources may complement one another, while others may substitute each other ( Zahra and George, 2002 ). Boards also provide managers with appropriate incentives that better align their interests with those of the firm. Given the findings, K Tire seeks new knowledge from external organizations through its discriminative corporate entrepreneurship.

When adopting the RFID system for its passenger vehicle tires, K Tire also had to develop new RFID tags suitable for the specific type of tire. The company’s capabilities were limited by the surrounding conditions, which prevented the application of existing tire RFID tag technologies, such as certain issues with the tire manufacturing process, the characteristic of its tires and the price of RFID tags per tire. Taking risks and confronting challenges are made from board member’s accountability. From the findings, we find that entrepreneurship leadership can be encouraged in case of within the accountability frame work.

Despite its status as a second-tier company, K Tire attempted to adopt the RFID system to its passenger vehicle tires, a feat not achieved even by the leading companies. Thus, the company ultimately built and settled the system through numerous trials and errors. Such success was made possible by the entrepreneurship of K Tire’s management, who took the risk of failure inherent in adopting innovative technologies and confronting challenges head on.

Second, institutional entrepreneurship not only involves the “capacity to imagine alternative possibilities”, it also requires the ability “to contextualize past habits and future projects within the contingencies of the moment” if existing institutions are to be transformed ( Emirbayer and Mische, 1998 ). New technologies, the technical infrastructure, network activities to acquire the new knowledge, learning capabilities, creating a new organization such as Pioneer Lab and new rules to create new technologies are the features. To qualify as institutional entrepreneurs, individuals must break with existing rules and practices associated with the dominant institutional logic(s) and institutionalize the alternative rules, practices or logics they are championing ( Garud and Karnøe, 2003 ; Battilana, 2006 ). K Tire established new organization, “Special lab” to obtain the know technology and information as CEO’s direct sub-committees. Institutional entrepreneurship arise when actors, through their filed position, recognize the opportunity circumstance so called “norms” ( Battilana et al. , 2009 ). To make up the deficit of technologies for RFID, knowledge stream among workers is more needed. Destruction of hierarch ranking system is proxy of the institutional entrepreneurship. Also, K Tire has peculiar norms. Namely, if one requires the further study such as degree course or non-degree course education services, grant systems operated via short screen process. Third, as innovation perspectives, before adopting the RFID system, the majority of K Tire’s researchers insisted that the company use the bar code technology, which had been widely used by the competitors. Such decision was predicated on the prediction that RFID technology would see wider use in the future, as well as the expected effect coming from taking the leading position, with regard to the technology.

Finally, K Tire’s adoption of the RFID technology cannot be understood without government support. The South Korean government has been implementing the “Verification and Dissemination Project for New u-IT Technologies” since 2008. Owing to policy support, K Tire can provide worker with educational service including oversea universities.

5. Conclusions and implications

To cope with various technological impasses, K Tire demonstrated the importance of institutional and corporate entrepreneurship. What a firm pursues more positive act for innovation is a research question.

Unlike firms, K Tire has strongly emphasized IT technology since establishment in 1960. To be promotion, every worker should get certification of IT sectors after recruiting. This has become the firm’s norm. This norm was spontaneously embedded for firm’s culture. K Tire has sought new ICT technology become a first mover. This norm can galvanize to take risk to catch up the first movers in view of institutional entrepreneurship.

That can be cultivated both by corporate entrepreneurship, referred to the activities a firm undertakes to stimulate innovation and encourage calculated risk taking throughout its operations within accountabilities and institutional entrepreneurship, referred to create its own peculiar norm. Contribution of our paper shows both importance of board members of directors in cultivating corporate entrepreneurship and importance of norm and rules in inducing institutional entrepreneurship.

In conclusion, many of them were skeptical about adopting RFID for its passenger vehicle tires at a time when even the global market and technology leaders were not risking such innovation, citing reasons such as risk of failure and development costs. However, enthusiasm and entrepreneurship across the organization towards technical innovation was achieved through the experience of developing leading technologies, as well as the resolve of the company’s management and its institutional entrepreneurship, which resulted in the company’s decision to adopt the RFID technology for small tires, a technology with unverified effects that had not been widely used in the markets. Introduction of new organization which “Special lab” is compelling example of institutional entrepreneurship. Also, to pursue RFID technology, board members unanimously agree to make new organization in the middle of failing and unpredictable success. This decision was possible since K Tire’s cultivated norm which was to boost ICT technologies. In addition, at that time, board of director’s behavior can be explained by corporate entrepreneurship.

From the findings, this paper also suggests importance of firms’ visions or culture from startup stage because they can become a peculiar norm and become firm’s institutional entrepreneurship. In much contemporary research, professionals and experts are identified as key institutional entrepreneurs, who rely on their legitimated claim to authoritative knowledge or particular issue domains. This case study shows that authoritative knowledge by using their peculiar norm, and culture as well as corporate entrepreneurship.

This paper has some limitations. Despite the fact that paper shows various fruitful findings, this study is not free from that our findings are limited to a single exploratory case study. Overcoming such limitation requires securing more samples, including the group of companies that attempt unprecedented innovations across various industries. In this paper, we can’t release all findings through in-depth interview and face-to-face meetings because of promise for preventing the secret tissues.

Nevertheless, the contribution of this study lies in that it shows the importance of corporate entrepreneurship and institutional entrepreneurship for firm’s innovative capabilities to grow ceaselessly.

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Acknowledgements

 This work was supported by 2017 Hongik University Research Fund.

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Top Website Development Case Studies 2024

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In my opinion, website developers can show new clients that they can create successful projects using case studies, which is a great concept. One of the most challenging tasks a designer has to do is win over potential clients' trust and confidence. If the clients have never worked with you, they can hesitate to give their project to an unknown person or organization. Clients feel assured that this team has the skills to complete projects successfully when past project achievements are displayed. This case study on web application development can also help the website developer gain credibility by demonstrating their abilities and the benefits they offer to companies.

Make sure you take the required actions to reassure them that your design will be aesthetically stunning and advantageous to their business to gain their trust. So, let's discuss more about website development case studies   with their examples to get a better understanding of website development. So, let's dive in.

What are Web Development Case Studies, and Why are They Important?

A website development case study outlines your steps to overcome an obstacle on a specific project. A noteworthy client project, a carefully created narrative structure, and an eye-catching visual design are all characteristics of an excellent case study. By showcasing the success of prior projects, case studies can help establish trust with potential clients and convince them that the website development team has the knowledge and experience necessary to provide excellent outcomes. Because they can observe the success of the team's work with other firms, they can also establish credibility and trust with new clients. The online Web Developmen t courses with certificates demonstrating the developers' abilities and expertise and the value they can provide to a company could help bring in new customers.

Web Development Case Studies

So here are the top 10 web   development case study examples mentioned below:

Case Study 1: Improving conversion Rates with e-commerce Redesign:

Redesigning its e-commerce platform was one way an apparel store tried to increase online sales. With user research and UX/UI optimization, the new design expedited checkout and made browsing easier. The website's user-friendly interface and adaptability to mobile devices received good feedback, leading to a 30% boost in conversion rates. If you want to learn this skill, then you can take advantage of the best Full Stack developer course .

Case study 2: Optimising the scalability of SaaS platforms:

Software as a service (SaaS) company experienced performance problems as its user base increased. The platform gained increased scalability and reliability by optimizing code efficiency and using cloud-based infrastructure. Improved customer satisfaction and retention resulted from a 50% reduction in load times and nearly complete removal of downtime.

Case study 3: Healthcare portal for patient management:

A healthcare provider for communication and patient management requires a complete portal. The case studies web development team created a secure platform that enabled patients to make appointments, view medical records, and securely connect with healthcare providers. Better patient satisfaction, shorter wait times, and simpler administrative duties were all made possible by the portal, enhancing operational effectiveness and health outcomes.

Case study 4: Blockchain-powered voting mechanism for transparency:

A government organization intended to improve security and transparency by updating its voting technology. The development team put in place a blockchain-based web application for reliable and secure electronic voting. Using cryptographic encryption and decentralized verification, the voting process was made more publically trusted, and tamper-proof vote records were ensured.

Case study 5: Chatbot integration for customer support:

An online retailer aimed to increase response times and customer service effectiveness. They automated common queries and gave consumers immediate support by incorporating an AI-powered chatbot into their website. Due to the chatbot's capacity to interpret natural language and availability around the clock, customer wait times dropped by 60%, increasing customer satisfaction and encouraging repeat business.

Case study 6: Service finder app based on geolocation:

A nearby service provider wished to establish more efficient connections with nearby clients. The development team created a geolocation-based online application that lets users search for services in their area, read customer reviews, and make online appointment bookings. The user-friendly interface and precise position monitoring resulted in a 50% rise in service bookings and client satisfaction.

Case study 7: An educational gamified learning platform:

An educational institution aimed to increase student engagement and interaction with the subject matter. By incorporating gamification components like badges, progress tracking, and quizzes, the web development team was able to change the traditional method of education into an engaging and fulfilling one. Academic performance and motivation improved due to a significant increase in student engagement and retention.

Case study 8: For cross-platform compatibility, use a responsive web application:

Access to investment tools and resources across devices was a goal for a financial services company. The development team skillfully developed a web application that flexed to fit different screen widths and OS versions. Encouraging accessibility and user happiness, clients could now monitor changes in the market and manage their portfolios on PCs, tablets, and cell phones.

Case study 9: Custom CMS implementation for content management:

A content management system (CMS) adapted for a media company's unique editorial workflow and publishing requirements was necessary. The web development case study team designed a unique content creation, editing, and scheduling tool. Now that writers and editors can work together more effectively, content output and quality have increased by 40%.

Case study 10: Community engagement platform development:

A charity organization requires a digital platform to help with volunteer organizing and community involvement. With features like discussion boards, volunteer sign-up forms, and event calendars, the web development team produced an easy-to-use portal. The platform encouraged community members to collaborate and participate more, which improved event attendance and created a stronger sense of community.

The Knowledgehut Web Development courses online with a certificate will help you gain access to profitable career opportunities. With the help of our in-depth case studies, you can delve deeply into real-world situations and gain the practical skills necessary to succeed in the fast-paced web development industry. Get hands-on expertise, prove your knowledge with a degree, and advance your career. Enrol in our courses now to start your journey to success in the digital world.

To sum up, these case studies on website building demonstrate the wide range of difficulties and solutions found in the digital world. Every project, from instructional websites to e-commerce platforms, reflects the value of user-centric design, flawless functionality, and clear communication. Using strategic planning, systematic development, and continuous optimization, enterprises can accomplish their goals and expand their online presence. These website development case studies also highlight the value of creativity and adaptation in changing user habits and technology advancements.

Organizations could keep a competitive edge and provide their audiences with outstanding digital experiences using modern technology and best practices. Ultimately, in today's competitive online market, these case studies for website development provide insightful information to developers and organizations looking to build robust, user-friendly websites that generate engagement and provide tangible benefits.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

The web development case study often shows difficulties in meeting deadlines, limiting scope creep, ensuring cross-browser compatibility, enhancing site speed, fixing security flaws, and keeping up with rapidly changing technologies. Furthermore, difficulties with cooperation and communication between stakeholders and team members are often highlighted.

Vadiance set out to sell its special water supplement online through an e-commerce website to enhance people's quality of life by fostering inner harmony and balance. They generated traffic to their poor website design.

It offers advice on best practices, suggestions to improve reliability and security, and an understanding of the underlying causes and contributing aspects of previous incidents.

Sachin Bhatnagar

With 20+ yrs of industry experience in media, entertainment and web tech, Sachin brings expertise in hands-on training and developing forward-thinking, industry-centric curricula. 30k+ students have enrolled in his tech courses.

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Home » Case Study – Methods, Examples and Guide

Case Study – Methods, Examples and Guide

Table of Contents

A case study is a research method that involves an in-depth examination and analysis of a particular phenomenon or case, such as an individual, organization, community, event, or situation.

It is a qualitative research approach that aims to provide a detailed and comprehensive understanding of the case being studied. Case studies typically involve multiple sources of data, including interviews, observations, documents, and artifacts, which are analyzed using various techniques, such as content analysis, thematic analysis, and grounded theory. The findings of a case study are often used to develop theories, inform policy or practice, or generate new research questions.

Types of Case Study

Types and Methods of Case Study are as follows:

Single-Case Study

A single-case study is an in-depth analysis of a single case. This type of case study is useful when the researcher wants to understand a specific phenomenon in detail.

For Example , A researcher might conduct a single-case study on a particular individual to understand their experiences with a particular health condition or a specific organization to explore their management practices. The researcher collects data from multiple sources, such as interviews, observations, and documents, and uses various techniques to analyze the data, such as content analysis or thematic analysis. The findings of a single-case study are often used to generate new research questions, develop theories, or inform policy or practice.

Multiple-Case Study

A multiple-case study involves the analysis of several cases that are similar in nature. This type of case study is useful when the researcher wants to identify similarities and differences between the cases.

For Example, a researcher might conduct a multiple-case study on several companies to explore the factors that contribute to their success or failure. The researcher collects data from each case, compares and contrasts the findings, and uses various techniques to analyze the data, such as comparative analysis or pattern-matching. The findings of a multiple-case study can be used to develop theories, inform policy or practice, or generate new research questions.

Exploratory Case Study

An exploratory case study is used to explore a new or understudied phenomenon. This type of case study is useful when the researcher wants to generate hypotheses or theories about the phenomenon.

For Example, a researcher might conduct an exploratory case study on a new technology to understand its potential impact on society. The researcher collects data from multiple sources, such as interviews, observations, and documents, and uses various techniques to analyze the data, such as grounded theory or content analysis. The findings of an exploratory case study can be used to generate new research questions, develop theories, or inform policy or practice.

Descriptive Case Study

A descriptive case study is used to describe a particular phenomenon in detail. This type of case study is useful when the researcher wants to provide a comprehensive account of the phenomenon.

For Example, a researcher might conduct a descriptive case study on a particular community to understand its social and economic characteristics. The researcher collects data from multiple sources, such as interviews, observations, and documents, and uses various techniques to analyze the data, such as content analysis or thematic analysis. The findings of a descriptive case study can be used to inform policy or practice or generate new research questions.

Instrumental Case Study

An instrumental case study is used to understand a particular phenomenon that is instrumental in achieving a particular goal. This type of case study is useful when the researcher wants to understand the role of the phenomenon in achieving the goal.

For Example, a researcher might conduct an instrumental case study on a particular policy to understand its impact on achieving a particular goal, such as reducing poverty. The researcher collects data from multiple sources, such as interviews, observations, and documents, and uses various techniques to analyze the data, such as content analysis or thematic analysis. The findings of an instrumental case study can be used to inform policy or practice or generate new research questions.

Case Study Data Collection Methods

Here are some common data collection methods for case studies:

Interviews involve asking questions to individuals who have knowledge or experience relevant to the case study. Interviews can be structured (where the same questions are asked to all participants) or unstructured (where the interviewer follows up on the responses with further questions). Interviews can be conducted in person, over the phone, or through video conferencing.

Observations

Observations involve watching and recording the behavior and activities of individuals or groups relevant to the case study. Observations can be participant (where the researcher actively participates in the activities) or non-participant (where the researcher observes from a distance). Observations can be recorded using notes, audio or video recordings, or photographs.

Documents can be used as a source of information for case studies. Documents can include reports, memos, emails, letters, and other written materials related to the case study. Documents can be collected from the case study participants or from public sources.

Surveys involve asking a set of questions to a sample of individuals relevant to the case study. Surveys can be administered in person, over the phone, through mail or email, or online. Surveys can be used to gather information on attitudes, opinions, or behaviors related to the case study.

Artifacts are physical objects relevant to the case study. Artifacts can include tools, equipment, products, or other objects that provide insights into the case study phenomenon.

How to conduct Case Study Research

Conducting a case study research involves several steps that need to be followed to ensure the quality and rigor of the study. Here are the steps to conduct case study research:

• Define the research questions: The first step in conducting a case study research is to define the research questions. The research questions should be specific, measurable, and relevant to the case study phenomenon under investigation.
• Select the case: The next step is to select the case or cases to be studied. The case should be relevant to the research questions and should provide rich and diverse data that can be used to answer the research questions.
• Collect data: Data can be collected using various methods, such as interviews, observations, documents, surveys, and artifacts. The data collection method should be selected based on the research questions and the nature of the case study phenomenon.
• Analyze the data: The data collected from the case study should be analyzed using various techniques, such as content analysis, thematic analysis, or grounded theory. The analysis should be guided by the research questions and should aim to provide insights and conclusions relevant to the research questions.
• Draw conclusions: The conclusions drawn from the case study should be based on the data analysis and should be relevant to the research questions. The conclusions should be supported by evidence and should be clearly stated.
• Validate the findings: The findings of the case study should be validated by reviewing the data and the analysis with participants or other experts in the field. This helps to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings.
• Write the report: The final step is to write the report of the case study research. The report should provide a clear description of the case study phenomenon, the research questions, the data collection methods, the data analysis, the findings, and the conclusions. The report should be written in a clear and concise manner and should follow the guidelines for academic writing.

Examples of Case Study

Here are some examples of case study research:

• The Hawthorne Studies : Conducted between 1924 and 1932, the Hawthorne Studies were a series of case studies conducted by Elton Mayo and his colleagues to examine the impact of work environment on employee productivity. The studies were conducted at the Hawthorne Works plant of the Western Electric Company in Chicago and included interviews, observations, and experiments.
• The Stanford Prison Experiment: Conducted in 1971, the Stanford Prison Experiment was a case study conducted by Philip Zimbardo to examine the psychological effects of power and authority. The study involved simulating a prison environment and assigning participants to the role of guards or prisoners. The study was controversial due to the ethical issues it raised.
• The Challenger Disaster: The Challenger Disaster was a case study conducted to examine the causes of the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion in 1986. The study included interviews, observations, and analysis of data to identify the technical, organizational, and cultural factors that contributed to the disaster.
• The Enron Scandal: The Enron Scandal was a case study conducted to examine the causes of the Enron Corporation’s bankruptcy in 2001. The study included interviews, analysis of financial data, and review of documents to identify the accounting practices, corporate culture, and ethical issues that led to the company’s downfall.
• The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster : The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster was a case study conducted to examine the causes of the nuclear accident that occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan in 2011. The study included interviews, analysis of data, and review of documents to identify the technical, organizational, and cultural factors that contributed to the disaster.

Application of Case Study

Case studies have a wide range of applications across various fields and industries. Here are some examples:

Business and Management

Case studies are widely used in business and management to examine real-life situations and develop problem-solving skills. Case studies can help students and professionals to develop a deep understanding of business concepts, theories, and best practices.

Case studies are used in healthcare to examine patient care, treatment options, and outcomes. Case studies can help healthcare professionals to develop critical thinking skills, diagnose complex medical conditions, and develop effective treatment plans.

Case studies are used in education to examine teaching and learning practices. Case studies can help educators to develop effective teaching strategies, evaluate student progress, and identify areas for improvement.

Social Sciences

Case studies are widely used in social sciences to examine human behavior, social phenomena, and cultural practices. Case studies can help researchers to develop theories, test hypotheses, and gain insights into complex social issues.

Law and Ethics

Case studies are used in law and ethics to examine legal and ethical dilemmas. Case studies can help lawyers, policymakers, and ethical professionals to develop critical thinking skills, analyze complex cases, and make informed decisions.

Purpose of Case Study

The purpose of a case study is to provide a detailed analysis of a specific phenomenon, issue, or problem in its real-life context. A case study is a qualitative research method that involves the in-depth exploration and analysis of a particular case, which can be an individual, group, organization, event, or community.

The primary purpose of a case study is to generate a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the case, including its history, context, and dynamics. Case studies can help researchers to identify and examine the underlying factors, processes, and mechanisms that contribute to the case and its outcomes. This can help to develop a more accurate and detailed understanding of the case, which can inform future research, practice, or policy.

Case studies can also serve other purposes, including:

• Illustrating a theory or concept: Case studies can be used to illustrate and explain theoretical concepts and frameworks, providing concrete examples of how they can be applied in real-life situations.
• Developing hypotheses: Case studies can help to generate hypotheses about the causal relationships between different factors and outcomes, which can be tested through further research.
• Providing insight into complex issues: Case studies can provide insights into complex and multifaceted issues, which may be difficult to understand through other research methods.
• Informing practice or policy: Case studies can be used to inform practice or policy by identifying best practices, lessons learned, or areas for improvement.

Advantages of Case Study Research

There are several advantages of case study research, including:

• In-depth exploration: Case study research allows for a detailed exploration and analysis of a specific phenomenon, issue, or problem in its real-life context. This can provide a comprehensive understanding of the case and its dynamics, which may not be possible through other research methods.
• Rich data: Case study research can generate rich and detailed data, including qualitative data such as interviews, observations, and documents. This can provide a nuanced understanding of the case and its complexity.
• Holistic perspective: Case study research allows for a holistic perspective of the case, taking into account the various factors, processes, and mechanisms that contribute to the case and its outcomes. This can help to develop a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of the case.
• Theory development: Case study research can help to develop and refine theories and concepts by providing empirical evidence and concrete examples of how they can be applied in real-life situations.
• Practical application: Case study research can inform practice or policy by identifying best practices, lessons learned, or areas for improvement.
• Contextualization: Case study research takes into account the specific context in which the case is situated, which can help to understand how the case is influenced by the social, cultural, and historical factors of its environment.

Limitations of Case Study Research

There are several limitations of case study research, including:

• Limited generalizability : Case studies are typically focused on a single case or a small number of cases, which limits the generalizability of the findings. The unique characteristics of the case may not be applicable to other contexts or populations, which may limit the external validity of the research.
• Biased sampling: Case studies may rely on purposive or convenience sampling, which can introduce bias into the sample selection process. This may limit the representativeness of the sample and the generalizability of the findings.
• Subjectivity: Case studies rely on the interpretation of the researcher, which can introduce subjectivity into the analysis. The researcher’s own biases, assumptions, and perspectives may influence the findings, which may limit the objectivity of the research.
• Limited control: Case studies are typically conducted in naturalistic settings, which limits the control that the researcher has over the environment and the variables being studied. This may limit the ability to establish causal relationships between variables.
• Time-consuming: Case studies can be time-consuming to conduct, as they typically involve a detailed exploration and analysis of a specific case. This may limit the feasibility of conducting multiple case studies or conducting case studies in a timely manner.
• Resource-intensive: Case studies may require significant resources, including time, funding, and expertise. This may limit the ability of researchers to conduct case studies in resource-constrained settings.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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Technology Based Regional Development Policy: Case Study of Taedok Science Town, Taejon Metropolitan City, Korea

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship

Posted: 1 Dec 2009

Deog-Seong Oh

Affiliation not provided to ssrn.

Date Written: 2002

The technopolis is increasingly seen as means of promoting technology-led economic development. Using Taedok Science Town (TST), a technopolis near Seoul, South Korea, as an example, the role that a technopolis can play in the promotion of city development through technology advancement is highlighted. A number of policies that contributed to the increase in collaboration between high technology venture businesses and university-industry partnerships that contributed to the economic development of the region are reviewed. The role of business incubators within universities and research institutes and their contribution to the expansion of high tech venture businesses within the region is then discussed. Some of the policies that provide for the systematic nurturing of venture businesses from the initial stage to the final stage are identified. Their role in the development of a positive nurturing environment that enabled the development of a number of high tech venture firms is then discussed. (VRS)

Keywords: Case studies, High technology firms, Technopolis, Economic development, Incubators, Public policies, Regional development, University-industry relations

Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation

Deog-Seong Oh (Contact Author)

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AI-powered educational experiences underway at ASU

Photo by David Elliott

An AI-generated patient on which to practice behavioral health techniques.

An on-demand study buddy to help with language learning.

An AI simulation that allows you to debate with some of the world’s most influential philosophers.

These are a few of the projects in development at Arizona State University that explore immersive ways for students to use generative artificial intelligence, and they're all supported through the university’s  AI Innovation Challenge .

The challenge launched in February following the  university's announcement of its collaboration with OpenAI , the AI research and deployment company behind ChatGPT.

“If you want to focus on the impact of technology, start by asking the community what they want to solve for,” said Lev Gonick , chief information officer at ASU.

Within the first two weeks, faculty and staff from 14 out of ASU's 17 colleges, as well as dozens of teams across departments, submitted proposals. And with the third round of the challenge now underway for the fall 2024 semester, more than 530 proposals have been submitted and 250 projects activated across academic, research and work environments.

“We see a future at ASU in which AI changes our relationship with knowledge, in a sense democratizing access so that students begin to be better problem-solvers, working more like researchers,” said Anne Jones , ASU vice provost for undergraduate education. “People are excited because they now have concrete examples to point to for use cases in which AI is improving their outcomes in the classroom.”

Below, we explore a handful of projects showcasing the diverse applications and potential impact of generative AI on the ASU academic experience.

Related:  Arizona State University personalizes learning and advances research with ChatGPT via OpenAI

Meet Sam, an AI-powered bot for health sciences

This summer, “Sam” — an AI-generated patient specifically designed for the health sciences — was introduced to graduate students in the course IBC 633: Motivational Interviewing for the Behavioral Care Provider.

Developed by Clinical Professor Colleen Cordes and her team at the  College of Health Solutions , Sam simulates realistic patient-provider interactions, offering students a new pathway to practice and refine interviewing, a critical skill for behavioral care providers.

“Simulation is an important component of the course for students to practice their motivational interviewing skills,” said Cordes. “When generative AI came on the scene, we were immediately interested in what new pathways this technology could offer our students.”

Sam, a longtime smoker who wishes to quit but is struggling, engages students in simulated patient-provider discussions to apply the motivational interviewing techniques they’ve learned in the course.

The AI patient offers nearly unlimited conversation pathways and delivers immediate feedback, helping students to adjust their approach in real time. Sam enables students to practice motivational interviewing in a controlled environment, enhancing their confidence and competence before they interact with actual patients.

The summer course, offered through  ASU Online , had 50 students enrolled. Most reported a positive experience working with Sam.

“Survey results from the students showcased 94% agreed or strongly agreed the chatbot felt human, and 89% said that the chatbot strengthened their learning experience,” Cordes said.

Students debate the world’s most influential philosophers

Generative AI tools like ChatGPT can facilitate discussions that mimic real-world interactions, offering nearly infinite ways for conversations to unfold. These tools are ideal for faculty wanting to integrate role-playing in students' learning experiences. 

Debate is one form of conversation-based role-play, and in spring 2024, instructor David McElhoes  saw an opportunity to incorporate generative AI in such a way.

In McElhoes’ Introduction to the Philosophy of Science course, offered by the  School of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies , students completed three assignments using ChatGPT. Students took on the role of a famous philosopher and would debate an AI-generated persona. This interactive approach allowed them to explore complex philosophical ideas dynamically.

The AI's real-time, contextually accurate responses helped students refine their arguments and deepen their understanding of philosophical concepts while honing their critical thinking and debate skills.

McElhoes also integrated generative AI tools into his coursework to prepare students for a future workforce that is increasingly reliant on AI. 

“Experience with AI is going to be necessary — if it isn’t already — in the workforce,” said McElhoes. “If you don’t have those skills, you’re going to be at a disadvantage.”

A new language partner emerges

Using generative AI results in many more pathways for discussion — where a single word change can alter the outcome, similar to real life. This opens up nearly endless possibilities to practice learning a new language. 

This summer, German 101 students in Christiane Reves’ ASU Online course gained access to an optional resource —  Language Buddy, an AI-powered custom GPT — to practice their language skills asynchronously.

“The more opportunities you have to communicate in a foreign language, the more you advance and have fun with it,” explained Reves, an assistant teaching professor in ASU’s  School of International Letters and Cultures .

Language Buddy offers prompts focused on course-related topics; students select a prompt and use voice mode for a back-and-forth discussion with the generative AI. The tool, which Reves has been working on since spring, allows students to engage in speaking assignments, self-practice or replace peer meetings, offering flexibility for those balancing work and family commitments.

Jackson Wood, an ASU Online student from Washington state, was enrolled in Reves’ summer class. 

“Being able to have Language Buddy when I couldn't meet with other students was really beneficial,” Wood said. “It provided context and the ability to speak with somebody in a way that might be like a native speaker or at least someone on my same skill level.”

Although only 30% of students used Language Buddy this summer, 88% expressed interest in trying it for future assignments. Positive feedback included its adjustable speed and difficulty levels and understanding imperfect responses.

Writing smarter, not harder

While much of the rhetoric around generative AI is that it isn't going to replace writing, ASU is actively exploring its use to support the writing process.

Department of English Assistant Professor Jacob Greene was an early pioneer. Graduate students in his Writing for Scholarly Publication course in spring 2024  used the AI tool at various stages of the writing process , from brainstorming to engaging in reflective writing to refining drafts.

The course focuses on developing academic arguments, which are broken down into four components: argument, exigence, evidence and stakes. First-year doctoral student Kylie Frontczak found ChatGPT helpful in refining her argument by using it to create a feedback loop and better articulate her writing.

These applications help students produce higher-quality work and teach them valuable writing skills that are essential for their academic and professional careers. The tool serves as a collaborator, offering suggestions for content and areas to explore. 

Diversifying ASU’s tool sets

Additional tools being made available to the community for this fall to help enhance creativity, communication and productivity include the introduction of Adobe Express — which has promising use cases already in action.

Crystal Alvarez , an instructor at ASU’s Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication, is  integrating Adobe Firefly’s generative AI image tool into her digital audience development courses . Students create detailed personas for marketing campaigns using Firefly to generate precise visual representations that reflect their personas' traits. 

“Now, they can create a visually compelling representation of their persona that captures the personalities, lifestyles and aspirations of those marketing targets," Alvarez said.

What’s on the horizon

ASU is continuing to explore the possibilities of AI-enhanced education; the call for proposals for the AI Innovation Challenge is underway for fall, with projects expected to kick off in September.

The university’s adoption of AI tools represents a significant step forward in educational technology, enhancing research and learning experiences while preparing students for a future in which AI will play a crucial role. By integrating generative AI, ASU is paving the way for more personalized and impactful education.

“We have long dreamt about individualized, personalized learning without constraints,” said ASU President Michael M. Crow. “No more preconceived notion of who’s smart and who’s not smart. AI systems allow that individual to pursue learning in a way in which they can have learning outcomes that they desire. We’re going to see tremendous enhancement in these individuals.”

Annie Davis contributed to this article.

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Enhanced medical education for physically disabled people through integration of iot and digital twin technologies.

1. Introduction

1.1. research gap, 1.2. paper organization, 2. literature review, 3. iot service development using digital twin technology, 3.1. methodology, 3.2. detailing the dimension reduction outcomes, 3.3. crafting the visual response algorithm for digital twin development, 3.4. importance of testing for accurate data collection, 3.5. determining data points and assessing location impact, 3.6. the interplay of design variables and sample points, 3.7. striking a balance between test points and coefficients, 3.8. experimental design necessities for the second-order model.

• Those that integrate with external data, reading from data files to spawn data fields—termed reading source objects.
• Those that instigate data fields within the program, referred to as program source objects.
• Source: This is the starting point where raw data originates. In the context of IoT services, this could be sensors or other data-generating devices.
• Data object: Data from the source is encapsulated into data objects. These objects represent structured data packets that are ready for further processing.
• Filter: Data objects pass through filters which process and refine the data. Filters can perform various tasks such as noise reduction, data normalization, or extraction of relevant features. The diagram shows multiple filters, indicating sequential or parallel data processing stages.
• Mapper: After filtering, the data is passed to a mapper which transforms the processed data objects into a format suitable for visualization or further analysis. This is the final stage in the depicted process.

4. Experimental Analysis

• Operation and maintenance monitoring visualization.
• Information multi-terminal display visualization.
• IoT new service development visualization based on digital twin technology.

4.1. Test Platform’s Purpose and Goals

4.2. pre-experimental setup, 4.3. experimental outcomes, 5. conclusions, author contributions, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.

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Kumar, A.; Saudagar, A.K.J.; Khan, M.B. Enhanced Medical Education for Physically Disabled People through Integration of IoT and Digital Twin Technologies. Systems 2024 , 12 , 325. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090325

Kumar A, Saudagar AKJ, Khan MB. Enhanced Medical Education for Physically Disabled People through Integration of IoT and Digital Twin Technologies. Systems . 2024; 12(9):325. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090325

Kumar, Abhishek, Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar, and Muhammad Badruddin Khan. 2024. "Enhanced Medical Education for Physically Disabled People through Integration of IoT and Digital Twin Technologies" Systems 12, no. 9: 325. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090325

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Lessons Learned from the Launch and Implementation of the COVID-19 Contact Tracing Program in New York City: a Qualitative Study

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• Margaret M. Paul   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3281-6234 1 ,
• Lorraine Kwok 2 ,
• Rachel E. Massar 2 ,
• Michelle Chau 2 ,
• Rita Larson 2 ,
• Stefanie Bendik 2 ,
• Lorna E. Thorpe 2 ,
• Anna Bershteyn 2 ,
• Nadia Islam 2 &
• Carolyn A. Berry 2  

On June 1, 2020, NYC Health + Hospitals, in partnership with the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, other city agencies, and a large network of community partners, launched the New York City Test & Trace (T2) COVID-19 response program to identify and isolate cases, reduce transmission through contact tracing, and provide support to residents during isolation or quarantine periods. In this paper, we describe lessons learned with respect to planning and implementation of case notification and contact tracing. Our findings are based on extensive document review and analysis of 74 key informant interviews with T2 leadership and frontline staff, cases, and contacts conducted between January and September 2022. Interviews elicited respondent background, history of program development, program leadership and structure, goals of the program, program evolution, staffing, data systems, elements of community engagement, trust with community, program reach, timeliness, equity, general barriers and challenges, general facilitators and best practices, and recommendations/improvement for the program. Facilitators and barriers revealed in the interviews primarily revolved around hiring and managing staff, data and technology, and quality of interactions with the public. Based on these facilitators and barriers, we identify suggestions to support effective planning and response for future case notification and contact tracing programs, including recommendations for planning during latent periods, case management and data systems, and processes for outreach to cases and contacts.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by NYC Health + Hospitals (1007645); L.T). The funder had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Lorraine Kwok, Rachel E. Massar, Michelle Chau, Rita Larson, Stefanie Bendik, Lorna E. Thorpe, Anna Bershteyn, Nadia Islam & Carolyn A. Berry

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Paul, M.M., Kwok, L., Massar, R.E. et al. Lessons Learned from the Launch and Implementation of the COVID-19 Contact Tracing Program in New York City: a Qualitative Study. J Urban Health (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-024-00898-0

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https://educationhub.blog.gov.uk/2024/08/20/gcse-results-day-2024-number-grading-system/

GCSE results day 2024: Everything you need to know including the number grading system

Thousands of students across the country will soon be finding out their GCSE results and thinking about the next steps in their education.   

Here we explain everything you need to know about the big day, from when results day is, to the current 9-1 grading scale, to what your options are if your results aren’t what you’re expecting.  

When is GCSE results day 2024?  

GCSE results day will be taking place on Thursday the 22 August.     

The results will be made available to schools on Wednesday and available to pick up from your school by 8am on Thursday morning.  

Schools will issue their own instructions on how and when to collect your results.   

When did we change to a number grading scale?  

The shift to the numerical grading system was introduced in England in 2017 firstly in English language, English literature, and maths.  

By 2020 all subjects were shifted to number grades. This means anyone with GCSE results from 2017-2020 will have a combination of both letters and numbers.  

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If your results weren’t what you were expecting, firstly don’t panic. You have options.  

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They’ll also be able to give you the best tailored advice on whether re-sitting while studying for your next qualifications is a possibility.   

If you’re really unhappy with your results you can enter to resit all GCSE subjects in summer 2025. You can also take autumn exams in GCSE English language and maths.  

Speak to your sixth form or college to decide when it’s the best time for you to resit a GCSE exam.  

Look for other courses with different grade requirements     

Entry requirements vary depending on the college and course. Ask your school for advice, and call your college or another one in your area to see if there’s a space on a course you’re interested in.    

Consider an apprenticeship    

Apprenticeships combine a practical training job with study too. They’re open to you if you’re 16 or over, living in England, and not in full time education.  

As an apprentice you’ll be a paid employee, have the opportunity to work alongside experienced staff, gain job-specific skills, and get time set aside for training and study related to your role.   

You can find out more about how to apply here .  

Talk to a National Careers Service (NCS) adviser    

The National Career Service is a free resource that can help you with your career planning. Give them a call to discuss potential routes into higher education, further education, or the workplace.   

Whatever your results, if you want to find out more about all your education and training options, as well as get practical advice about your exam results, visit the  National Careers Service page  and Skills for Careers to explore your study and work choices.   

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Netzwerkdienste

Beschleunigen Sie die Transformation Ihres Netzwerks

Erhalten Sie wertvolle Expertise und Einblicke für den Aufbau eines sicheren und flexiblen Netzwerks – vom Design bis hin zu Implementierung und Optimierung.

Supportservices

Ziehen Sie größeren Nutzen aus Ihren IT-Investitionen

Sorgen Sie mit fachkundiger Unterstützung dafür, dass Ihre IT und Ihr Unternehmen auf Kurs bleiben. Dazu bieten wir Ihnen rund um die Uhr Zugriff auf fundiertes technisches Wissen, umfassende globale Erfahrungen und digitale Intelligence, um Störungen und Risiken zu reduzieren.

Nehmen Sie an einer Demo teil

Vereinfachen Sie die Netzwerkverwaltung mit den Automatisierungs-, Assurance- und Analysefunktionen der Cisco Catalyst Center-Plattform. Nehmen Sie an einer Demo teil, um mehr darüber zu erfahren.